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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Breast Cancer Mucin (BCM) enzyme immunoassay utilizes two monoclonal antibodies (Mab), M85/34 and F36/22, for the identification of a mucin-like glycoprotein in serum of breast cancer patients. We have compared BCM with CA 15-3, another member of the human mammary epithelial antigen family. Serum BCM was evaluated in 151 and CA 15-3 in 134 patients with breast cancer, in 30 normal controls, in 9 pregnant women, and in 13 cancer patients (non-breast). Neither the normal controls nor the pregnant women had BCM levels greater than 25 U/ml. In contrast, 87 of 115 patients (75%) with metastatic breast cancer had BCM levels greater than 25 U/ml. All control persons had CA 15-3 levels less than 25 U/ml, but 2 out of 9 pregnant women (22%) had levels greater than 25 U/ml. Seventy-four out of 97 patients (76%) with metastatic breast cancer had CA 15-3 levels greater than 25 U/ml. A statistically significant correlation was found between BCM and CA 15-3 in the breast cancer patient group (r = 0.883, p less than 0.001, n = 134) and in the normal control group (r = 0.743, p less than 0.001, n = 30). BCM and CA 15.3 both showed no correlation with CEA in breast cancer patients (r = 0.060, n = 81; and r = 0.146, n = 78, respectively). BCM had a range of sensitivity similar to that of the CA 15-3 RIA. Our results suggest that BCM may be a useful new marker for monitoring the clinical course of patients with breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1990 Dec
PMID:Comparison of breast cancer mucin (BCM) and CA 15-3 in human breast cancer. 209 94

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) MUSE11 detects an adenocarcinoma-associated antigen and is useful for the serodiagnosis of pancreas cancer. We established a sandwich enzyme immunoassay using MAb MUSE11 and MAb DF3 against a breast cancer-associated mucin core protein as a catcher and a tracer, respectively. With this assay system, the binding of the tracer MAb DF3 to an antigen in the human kidney tissue lysate was clearly inhibited by MAb MUSE11. In addition, MAb MUSE11 showed a significant binding activity to the synthetic peptide corresponding to the tandem repeat of a human epithelial mucin core protein. These data suggest that MAb MUSE11 could detect the polypeptide core of a mucin, and may be of use for studying mucin as a gene product.
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PMID:Recognition of the polypeptide core of mucin by monoclonal antibody MUSE11 against an adenocarcinoma-associated antigen. 212 88

The determination of mucin like carcinoma associated antigen (MCA) showed a sensitivity of 72% in visceral metastasis of breast cancer, of 25% in metastasis of stomach cancer and of 10.3% in metastasis of colorectal cancer. The sensitivity of CA 15-3 was 83% (n.s.) in metastasis of breast cancer, that of CEA was 29% (p less than 0.05). The sensitivity of isolated metastasis and isolated invasion of the lymph nodes was under 20% for MCA, CA 15-3 and CEA.
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PMID:[Sensitivity and specificity of CEA, Ca 15-3 and MCA levels in visceral breast carcinoma metastasis]. 220 Jan 52

Mucins are heavily glycosylated proteins that are produced in excessive amounts in breast cancers and other adenocarcinomas. These proteins are potent immunogens; indeed, most monoclonal antibodies raised against extracts of breast cancer cells or tumors are directed toward a single family of mucins. The anti-mucin antibodies currently available are valuable diagnostic aids for detecting advanced stages of breast cancer. To improve the sensitivity of these antibodies so that they might be suitable for use in screening and early diagnosis, tumor imaging, and therapy of breast cancer, recent studies have focused on identifying the precise epitopes they recognize.
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PMID:Mucins in breast cancer: recent immunological advances. 220 80

The clinical usefulness of a tumor marker essentially depends on its sensitivity and specificity for a certain tumor. To prove, wheather the new tumor marker 'mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen' could be used for the management of breast cancer patients, we determined its serum concentration in 50 healthy blood donors, 130 patients with various non-malignant diseases, 138 patients with different metastazised tumors and 137 breast cancer patients. 78 of the breast cancer patients had known metastases while 59 had no evidence of disease after initial surgical and adjuvant therapy. Only 2% of the blood donors and 3% of the patients with non-malignant diseases exceeded the cut-off level of 15 U/ml. In contrast to these findings, 28% of patients with various metastazised tumors and 77% of patients with metastazised breast cancer had serum levels above 15 U/ml. Breast cancer patients without evidence of disease had elevated marker values in only 3%. In breast cancer the serum levels of this antigen depends on the type of metastases. Maximal concentrations were found in mixed metastases while cutaneous or lymph-node metastases showed the lowest rate of positivity. Furthermore a good correlation of serial determined marker levels with the course of the disease was observed, so that we conclude, that mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen can be used in follow-up of patients with metastazised breast cancer. Because of its high sensitivity and specificity it provides some advantage over other markers used in this disease.
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PMID:[Mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen: sensitivity and specificity in metastatic breast cancer]. 220 9

Mammary mucins are increased in amounts in breast cancer patient sera, and most anti-breast cancer antibodies react with such mucins. One such mucin is found in human milk fat globule membrane and consists predominantly of O-linked sugars and a protein core. Partial complementary DNA clones for the protein core have recently been obtained. The nucleotide sequence is of interest as it contains a 60-base pair repeat, giving rise to a repeated 20-amino acid sequence (PDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSA). Peptides with various lengths were synthesized using this sequence and the adjacent 4 amino acids (PDTR). Three anti-human milk fat globule membrane antibodies produced in our laboratory (BC1, BC2, and BC3) were tested to determine their reactivity with these synthetic peptides. Using three different assays (direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test on peptides, direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test on bovine serum albumin-conjugated peptides, and an inhibition test with the peptides in liquid, rather than solid phase), it was shown that APDTR was the minimum amino acid sequence required to form a reactive epitope with all 3 antibodies, although individual differences in the reactivities of the antibodies were noted. The addition of alanine (A) converted a nonreactive PDTR peptide to a reactive one, and the deletion of arginine (R) did the reverse; thus APDTR is the smallest peptide which reacts with these anti-human milk fat globule membrane antibodies.
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PMID:Synthetic peptides reactive with anti-human milk fat globule membrane monoclonal antibodies. 229 61

The preparation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the human milk fat globule membrane with preferential binding to breast carcinoma cells is described. Using BALB/c mouse myeloma cells; inter-specific, intra-strain, and inter-strain hybridomas were isolated that identified three different components of the human milk fat globule of approximately 46,000, and 70,000 daltons and a mucin-like glycoprotein complex (NPGP) ranging from 400,000 to over a million daltons, respectively. Three MAbs (BrE1, BrE2, BrE3) identified the latter component which consists of at least three different size molecules for which the aforementioned MAb's have different binding specificities. MAbs, BrE2 and BrE3, bound to normal breast epithelial cells but to a lesser extent than to tumors and only at the apical surface facing the lumen, while they bound breast carcinomas strongly, and often in the cytoplasm as well as on the surface. Higher concentrations of BrE3 were required to stain normal breast compared to breast tumors. BrE1 also stained breast carcinomas both on the surface and cytoplasmically but did not stain normal breast tissue. The MAb, Mc13, as well as the previously reported MAb McR2, both against the 70,000 dalton component, did not significantly stain either normal or cancerous breast tissue in histological sections but did bind significantly to cultured breast epithelial cells and to the milk fat globule membrane. The MAbs, Mc8 and Mc3, reported previously to be against the 46,000 dalton component, stained histologically only malignant breast tissue but only weakly; however, they bound strongly to intact breast carcinoma cells and breast cell membrane preparations with a radioimmunobinding assay. These MAbs should be useful in characterizing the surface of breast epithelial cells, studying surface alterations in malignancy, and possibly in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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PMID:Biochemical and histological characterization of antigens preferentially expressed on the surface and cytoplasm of breast carcinoma cells identified by monoclonal antibodies against the human milk fat globule. 236 81

The serum levels of carcino-embryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), breast carcinoma antigen 15-3 and mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen were measured pre-operatively in 99 patients with breast cancer receiving no adjuvant hormonal or chemotherapy and in 64 patients with benign breast tumours. Using the 95th percentile of the marker levels in patients with benign breast tumours as the cut-off level, marker levels in patients with breast cancer were related to prognosis. In the follow-up period of 6-36 months (mean = 17.9 months), 20 out of the 99 patients developed metastases. Only 4 out of these 20 patients had elevated pre-operative levels of one or more of the markers. One out of these 4 patients was misclassified having metastatic disease at the time of the operation. On the other hand, in a total of 28 patients the pre-operative levels of one or more markers were noted to be elevated; 26 of the patients remained disease-free at the time of follow-up.
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PMID:Pre-operative tumour marker levels in patients with breast cancer and their prognosis. 237 96

Human mammary epithelial antigens (HME-Ags) are released into the circulation by breast tumors and not by normal breast tissue (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 582-586, 1977). This characteristic made them valuable, together with other breast cancer related antigens later identified, to develop immunoassays useful in the follow-up of breast cancer. Assays for these antigens in serum have less than complete sensitivity and partial specificity, and as a result of this have not been totally successful in studying the relapsing breast cancer patient. In the present work, correlations are made among 3 assays available for breast cancer disease follow-up. They detect HME-Ags, CEA, and the heavy molecular weight mucin of the human milk fat globule (HMFG). Values for sensitivity and specificity for the 3 assays were obtained from approximately 300 samples of patients whose clinical diagnosis at the time of blood drawing was rigorously established. A small but definite advantage in sensitivity is demonstrated for the HME-Ags assay over the other two. A similar advantage is also demonstrated in the sequential follow-up of breast cancer patients, where HME-Ags respond more rapidly in most instances to changes in tumor burden. Further, the ability of increases in levels of these assays to predict relapse was studied in 15 patients who relapsed. HME-Ags demonstrated a predictive value of 73%, while CEA and the heavy molecular weight mucin remained at 47%. The present study exemplifies the search for novel antigens (Ags) with maximal ability to detect breast cancer relapse and with improved sensitivity to monitor tumor burden changes. Here, assays for different antigens to be compared are tested in the same serum samples obtained from carefully staged patients. The results suggest a role as breast cancer markers for antigens of lower molecular weight than the epithelial mucin-like components studied previously.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1990 May
PMID:Diagnostic ability of different human milk fat globule antigens in breast cancer. 237 70

Serum from patients with systemic breast cancer was found to contain elevated levels of polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) as detected using an immunoradiometric assay employing the monoclonal antibody NCRC-11. PEM was partially purified from pooled sera from these patients and the complex, polymorphic, high-molecular-mass (greater than 400 kDa) mucin was identified by sodium dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and immunostaining with the NCRC-11 antibody. Serial serum samples from 16 patients with metastatic breast cancer were assayed for circulating PEM defined by the monoclonal antibody NCRC-11. The clinical course of disease in these patients was assessed independently as progressive, static or responsive. Increasing NCRC-11 antigen levels correlated with disease progression in 6/7 patients, and decreasing antigen levels correlated with an objective response to treatment in 5/6 patients. Measurement of NCRC-11-defined PEM antigen in patients undergoing therapy for metastatic breast cancer showed an overall accuracy of 75%.
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PMID:Detection of polymorphic epithelial mucins in the serum of systemic breast cancer patients using the monoclonal antibody, NCRC-11. 237 45


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