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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the present research was to estimate trends of change in cancer morbidity for the breast, uterine corpus, cervix uterus, and ovaries of the female population of Kyrgyzstan as a whole and in separate regions over a 10 year period (1989-1998). This retrospective study, applying descriptive and analytical methods of modern oncoepidemiology, established that breast cancer occupies the first place, neoplasia of the cervix uterus the second, of the ovaries the third and the uterine corpus the fourth, within the range of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. On the whole the indicated cancer incidence rates tend to growth in dynamics and different regional specificities.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002
PMID:Dynamics of the Incidence Rates for Separate Forms of Cancer in the Female Population of Kyrgyzstan. 1271 5

In order to assess the prognostic value of family history (FH) of malignancies in patients afflicted with breast cancer (BC), we examined FH and histopathologic characteristics of 542 Iranian primary BC patients. Cases with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis were excluded. Mean age of the studied population was 49 and the most common presenting stage was stage IIA followed by stage IIB. Data on a total of 6089 relatives (1st to 4th generations with the assumption of probands as the 3rd generation) were gathered. FH of BC and other malignancies (OM) was positive in 29 and 54% of cases, respectively. The most common OM's were gastric (67), lung (52) and uterus (47) cancers. We found that a FH of BC does not have any significant correlation with proven prognostic factors but a history of BC among relatives at or before the age of 36 is associated with more aggressive tumours. On the other hand, although FH of OM was associated with an older age of the probands (which is generally associated with a favourable prognosis), tumours of the cases with FH of OM had higher grades, lymphatic invasion being detected more frequently. Also we noted that the younger the age of the relatives diagnosed with cancer, the higher the stage of the probands themselves. All together our study indicates the possibility of a relation between FH of BC and OM, and histopathologic characteristics of the probands' tumours which would put forward FH as a prognostic factor rather than a simple risk factor in BC.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002
PMID:Linking Histopathology and Family History in Breast Cancer. 1271 6

Relative incidences of esophagus, lung and breast cancers differ in the various populations in Kyrgyzstan. Esophagus cancer is the most commonly observed among the Turkic groups, especially in Kazakhs, while lung and breast cancer are frequently encountered among the European representatives of the population - Russians in particular. Fluctuation in rates for these cancer forms in the Kyrgyzstan mountain regions is highly dependable on the height above sea level. One potential major factor, which may account for the low cancer frequency in general and influence esophagus, lung and breast cancer forms in particular - is mountain hypoxia. Since, among the native citizens (Kyrgyzes), which are adapted to mountain hypoxia conditions (population adaptation), the indicated cancer forms are not so often than the same forms appearance among the other ethnical groups (long adaptation), especially newcoming ones. Thus, the incidence rates of esophageal cancer in the Kazakh population is about 32,3 (per 100,000), the same sickness in Kyrgyz is about 11,3, the figure for lung cancer among the Russian population is 34,8, while among Kyrgyzes it is 11,2, breast cancer incidence in Russian citizens is 34,8 but only15,1 among Kyrgyz residents. It could be established that the studied forms of cancer are less common in high mountain regions than in the regions with low mountains. To a certain extent, mountain hypoxia may function like a brake for the development of cancer tumors. HGowever, the situation is complex, because of, the presence of the other factors entailed by the demographic, social-economic and other variation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002
PMID:Epidemiology of Esophagus, Lung and Breast Cancer in Mountainous Regions of Kyrgyz Republic. 1271 12

Cancer prevention is an important strategy in cancer control and it consists of primary prevention and secondary prevention. Major avoidable or manageable risk factors for cancer identified from previous studies are tobacco, diet and infection. Some cancer could be prevented by controlling those risk factors. In Japan screenings for gastric cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and colo-rectal cancer have been widely conducted under the Law of Health Maintenance for the Aged. In planning and evaluating cancer control activities in Japan, it was considered useful to estimate the potential of primary and secondary prevention of cancer. The author estimated the potential of cancer prevention in Japan twice previously in 1990 and 1999. In this paper the potential of cancer prevention in Japan was re-estimated by using a different method and more recent data. From the present study it was estimated that about 25% of cancer occurrence could be prevented by control of smoking, diet and infection, about 9-15% of cancer deaths could be prevented by cancer screening, and about 6- 10 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by application of the state-of-the art diagnosis and treatment of cancer, altogether about 40-50% of cancer occurrences/deaths could be prevented if all possible measures for cancer prevention are applied to the general public and cancer patients in Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:An Estimate of the Potential for Cancer Prevention in Japan. 1271 20

Background: As there are few available data regarding cancers in Viet Nam, the aim of the present study was to evaluate cancer risk ratios and geographical differences in cancer incidences between the south and north populations in the 1990s. Methods: Data for cancer incidences in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) and Hanoi were derived from published reports. The method for comparison of cancer incidence in two groups used in the present study was the Mantel-Haenszel test. Results: In HCM, all cancers were observed to be lower in males, (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.83-0.91) but higher in females, (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12) than in Hanoi. For males, significantly higher incidences in HCM were observed for cancers of the oesophagus (RR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.19-2.32), liver (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09-1.36), gall bladder (RR = 5.95, 95% CI = 2.49-14.23), and larynx (RR = 3.54, 95% CI = 2.26-5.55). In contrast, there were much lower incidences in HCM for cancers of the nasopharynx (RR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.41-0.61), stomach (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67-0.86), and lung (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.64-0.78). For females, breast cancer incidence was much lower (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.57-0.73) but that of cervical cancer was significantly higher in HCM than in Hanoi, (RR = 3.94, 95% CI = 3.36-4.62), especially for the age group 55-64, (RR = 8.7, 95% CI = 5.9-13.3). Conclusion: The present findings show that cancer risk is quite different in the south and north populations within Viet Nam.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:Differences in Cancer Risks in the South and North of Viet Nam. 1271 30

Reproductive factors are not considered to play a significant role in the aetiology of breast cancer in low incidence regions like Gujarat, although it is well established that they exert a major influence on such tumours in the western developed world. Women in the western Indian region have a very low prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption but a high prevalence of vegetarianism. Noting the changes in the life style practices with increasing affluence is likely to yield several interesting findings in such a population. Physical activity and dietary factors have emerged as important parameters and their lack may contribute significantly to the risk of breast cancers. The breast cancer risk significantly increased with higher consumption of total fat (>25% of total calories), frequent intake of fried foods and sweets. A significant protection was offered by frequent consumption of green yellow leafy vegetables, foods rich in b-carotene and isoflavonoids. The present study demonstrated a good protective effect of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins. The breast cancer risk increases with elevation of circulating lipid components except HDL-cholesterol.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:Role of Dietary Intake and Biomarkers in Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study. 1271 43

A case-control study of breast cancer (BC) was conducted from 1994 to 1996 in Chongqing, People's Republic of China, in order to explore the etiological role of passive smoking (PS, so-called second hand smoking) as well as other early life factors (weight, height, socioeconomic status and history of suffering from a disease resulting in hospitalization). These factors were reviewed both in childhood (age less than 10 years) and in the teenage years (youth: 10 to 16 years). One hundred and eighty six cases of newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed BC, aged 24 to 55 years, were individually matched by day (within six months) and age (within 2 years) at diagnosis as well as marital status to 186 controls selected from outpatients not suffering from cancer. All subjects, cases and controls were never-smokers. A standardized questionnaire was used for interview in a face-to-face situation. After adjustment for a wide range of covariates using multiple logistic regression analysis, PS was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for BC. This was found for exposure to PS in childhood [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.24 (1.07-1.43)], in youth [1.15 (0.90-1.47)] and in adulthood for either exposure at home [4.07 (2.21-7.50)] or at work [1.27 (1.04-1.55)]. For exposure to PS in childhood, a significant dose-response effect was evident (test for trend, p<0.05) with the number of smokers in the home, as well as the perceived level of exposure to PS, and in adulthood with the number of smokers at work. Our study also found an increased risk of BC in those with a past history of suffering from a disease requiring hospitalization [2.41 (1.21-4.81)]. Subjects with a low body weight in childhood and with a poor economic status in youth were associated with increased risk of BC in their adulthood [1.54 (1.09-2.18) and 1.03 (1.00-1.06)]. Being overweight as an adult, however, was associated with a high risk of BC [1.76 (1.02-3.04)]. Age at menarche [0.83 (0.72-0.95)] was associated negatively with risk of BC. A history of benign breast disease [2.05 (1.01-4.16)] or a history of life stress [2.32 (1.54-3.48)] were both associated with increased risk of BC. Our results therefore indicate a small but definite effect associated with PS, the credibility of which is enhanced by a dose-response relationship to BC risk. The other early life factors, such as age at menarche, history of suffering from a disease requiring hospitalization, history of benign breast disease, being overweight as an adult and life stress are similar to those consistently found in other countries. The associations involving low body weight, low socioeconomic status in early life and subsequent high risk of BC require further study.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Passive Smoking and Other Factors at Different Periods of Life and Breast Cancer Risk in Chinese Women who have Never Smoked - A Case-control Study in Chongqing, People's Republic of China. 1271 80

To promote a cancer prevention program at hospital, we started the hospital-based epidemiologic research program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC) in 1988. Because patients visiting hospitals are very concerned not only about their own health condition but also practical way of disease prevention, we consider outpatients, especially those free of cancer, as ideal targets to make a model program and a practical cancer prevention strategy for general people. To confirm risk and protective effects of lifestyle factors like dietary habits, smoking and drinking, and exercise on cancer in Japanese, we have been undertaking large-scale case-referent comparative studies of main cancer sites (stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and uterine cancers) using the data generated by HERPACC. The risk of respiratory tract cancer was definitely elevated by habitual smoking and that of upper digestive tract cancer by combined habitual smoking and drinking. Frequent intake of raw vegetables and/or fruit in contrast reduced the risk of lung cancer among smokers. Current obesity was positively associated with risk of post-menopausal breast cancer, recently on the increase in Japan. However, all sites of cancer were linearly decreased with frequency of exercise in both males and females. Based on these pieces of evidence and other main results obtained from the HERPACC studies, prevention trials with provision of information about protective and risk factors for main sites of cancers to outpatients have been planned in parallel to continuation of HERPACC.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:A Model of Practical Cancer Prevention for Out-patients Visiting a Hospital: the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC). 1271 87

A great deal is known on the epidemiology of breast cancer. In this paper an attempt has been made to discuss the epidemiology and trends in incidence of breast cancer in various populations of India with special reference to the data available at Mumbai Cancer Registry. For discussing descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer the data collected for most recent year, 1999, by Mumbai Cancer Registry has been utilized. For studying time trends in breast cancer the data collected for the Mumbai Cancer Registry for the years 1982-99 and for Bangalore and Chennai 1982-96 and for Barshi, Bhopal and Delhi for the years 1988-96 has been employed. A linear regression model based on the logarithms of the various incidence rates, a method frequently used for studying time trends, was applied to the entire dataset. Age specific incidence rates for breast cancer for most of the urban population in India were found to show steep increase till menopause years, after which the curves plateau. Most of the registries data indicate that Christians in India have the greatest risk of breast risk and Muslims have the lowest rate. In all the populations breast cancer was found to be less prevalent at the lower education level and the incidence increased with the education level. The trends for increase in breast cancer incidence over time for most of the populations in India were found to be statistically significant.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:An epidemiological assessment of increasing incidence and trends in breast cancer in Mumbai and other sites in India, during the last two decades. 1271 1

Environmental substances may be involved in the etiology of breast cancers. Many studies have found an association between cancer in humans and exposure to agricultural pesticides. Organophosphorous pesticides have been used to control mosquito plagues. Parathion and malathion, organophosphorous pesticides are cholinesterase inhibitors responsible for the hydrolysis of body choline esters, including acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. Their primary target of action in insects is the nervous system whereby they inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase at synaptic junction. Atropine is a parasympatholytic alkaloid used as an antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. We have established an experimental breast cancer model, where epithelial cells in the rat mammary gland underwent a stepwise transformation into malignant cells by exposure to pesticides (Cabello et al, 2001). The aim of this work was to examine whether pesticides were able to induce progression of malignant transformation of a human breast epithelial cell line, MCF7. These results showed that parathion and malathion increased PCNA and induced mutant p53 protein expression of MCF7 cells in comparison to controls and atropine inhibited such action. These results indicated that organophosphorous pesticides can induce more changes in this malignant breast cell line, inducing another step in the progression of the transformation process and atropine on the other hand inhibited the effect of such substances.
 ...
PMID:Organophosphorous pesticides in breast cancer progression. 1276 45


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