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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whole body skeletal scintiphotography was carried out in a series of 111 breast cancer patients. The results of scintiphotography were compared with the results of roentgenography and with the diagnostic usefulness of serum alkaline phosphatase levels and the presence or absence of bone pain. In 27 percent of cases, lesions were first identified with the scintiphotos. When lesions were present on both scintiphotos and roentgenograms, involvement generally appeared greater on the scintiphotos. Two false negative studies were recorded. Sixty-seven percent of patients with early metastasis-that is, those with positive scintiphotos and negative roentgenograms-were asymptomatic. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were normal in 38 percent of those with early skeletal involvement. Skeletal scintiphotography is superior to other commonly employed techniques used to assess bone metastasis in breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Whole body skeletal scintiphotography in the detection of occult metastatic breast carcinomas. 420 87

The effect of clomiphene citrate given in vivo upon the in vitro uptake of labeled estradiol (tritiated-E2) was investigated in a 60-year-old patient with breast cancer who had had a mastectomy 10 months earlier followed by radiotherapy. Multiple subcutaneous metastatic nodules and enlargement of the liver were present but bone metastases could not be shown. A biopsy from a subcutaneous nodule, taken prior to present treatment, showed 86 fmol estradiol binding sites per mg of cytoplasmic protein with a dissociation constant of the estradiol-estradiol binding protein interaction of 2.8 X 10 -10 M. The patient was treated with 200 mg clomiphene citrate daily. Subjective symptoms improved and a reduction of skin nodule size and of liver enlargement followed. The serum enzymes alkaline phosphatase, nucleotidase, and phosphohexoseisomerase were diminished. A 2nd biopsy taken at Day 26 of treatment with clomiphene citrate showed complete inhibition of labeled estradiol tritiated-E2 uptake by the cytosol protein. This finding is thought to show the absence of free binding sites after clomiphene citrate therapy. Microscopic studies of biopsy material were unchanged. These results are thought to be the first to record human in vivo inhibition of trititated-E2 uptake for EBP by an antiestrogen compound, although similar in vitro observations have been made in human tumor specimens. There is thought to be a potential value of antiestrogenic agents, alone or with inhibitors of prolactin secretion, to replace endocrine ablations and to predict the response to endocrine therapy.
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PMID:In vivo blockade of the estradiol-binding-protein (EBP) by clomiphene citrate in human breast cancer. 437 71

The recent literature on prognostic factors in breast cancer was examined with regard to: early or delayed diagnosis, age, menopause, tumour site and size, histological type and grading, involvement of lymph nodes, clinical stage, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. With respect to prognostic factors connected with the response to therapy, the following points were considered: menopause, involvement of lymph nodes, dimensions, clinical stage, free interval, performance and loss of weight, particular sites of metastasis, radiotherapy, oestrogen receptors, prior endocrine management, and certain body fluid parameters (haemoglobin, total lymphocytes, platelets, and white cells, albumin, LDH, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, blood bilirubin and calcium). Radiotherapy appears to make patients less responsive to subsequent antiblastic treatment, whereas premenopausal status, good psychological and physical efficiency, and prior endocrine management seem to play a positive role in the response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer. bibliographic review]. 608 14

In a series of 46 cases of primary mammary ductal carcinoma, immunohistochemical markers of differentiation (casein, human placental lactogen, alphalactalbumin, pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein, secretory component, CEA, and peanut lectin agglutinins [PLA]), were quantitated via point-counting. An immunoperoxidase bridge (PAP) was used to identify all except the PLA, in which an avidin-biotin complex with alkaline phosphatase development was employed. For none of the markers was there any difference in the quantity present in tumors of patients who had recurred versus the tumors of patients who had enjoyed a minimum of five years disease-free survival. Nonneoplastic epithelium was only rarely positive for these markers. Although eventually surmounted, technical problems significantly hampered application of morphometry to this histochemical material. The authors conclude that these markers have little relationship to differentiation toward mammary duct epithelium and that they do not provide significant prognostic information in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Correlation of immunohistochemical markers with patient prognosis in breast carcinoma: a quantitative study. 609 96

Of ten tumour markers measured every 3 months after mastectomy in patients with apparently localised primary breast cancer, plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most useful in detecting metastatic disease. With these three tests a "lead interval" of 3 months or more was obtained in about half the 23 patients who developed overt metases. Clinical examination, chest X-ray, and these three markers proved the most useful combination of tests in screening for metastases, since at least one test was abnormal in 46 of 47 patients at the time of the development of metastases as judged by more detailed physical tests.
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PMID:Assessment of biochemical tests to screen for metastases in patients with breast cancer. 610 48

Ten tumor markers were measured in serum or urine at approximately three month intervals in patients with breast cancer following mastectomy but before development of overt metastatic disease. In 23 patients who later had metastases, only three markers, alkaline phosphatase, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were consistently abnormal prior to the development of detectable metastases in more than one patient. In half the patients, a "lead interval" of three months or more was obtained using these three markers and little advantage was obtained by the addition of any other biochemical marker. The value of these three measurements was then assessed in a larger group of patients and compared with other tests for metastases. Alkaline phosphatase, CEA, gamma-GT, clinical examination, and chest x-ray were the best indices of the metastatic state in breast cancer, being collectively abnormal in 98% of patients at first presentation with metastases. The authors recommend screening patients postoperatively with these five tests for metastases; more detailed tests should only be carried out if results of one or more these are abnormal.
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PMID:Screening for metastases in breast cancer: an assessment of biochemical and physical methods. 611 47

The initial biochemical data (serum[S]-carcinoembryonic antigen, S-lactate dehydrogenase, S-gammaglutamyl transferase, S-alkaline phosphatase urine[U]-creatinine, and three urinary quantities related to collagen metabolism) and surgical pathology data (tumor size, grade of tumor anaplasia, number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes) were examined in 52 consecutive postmenopausal risk group II patients operated for primary breast cancer without metastatic disease (mastectomy + partial axillary resection) who participated in the Danish Breast Cancer Group's controlled clinical trial of radiation (RT) alone, and RT + levamisol. The follow-up (mean = 3.45 years, range = 3-4 years) included physical examination every three months, x-ray of chest, bone scan, and x-ray of axial skeleton every six months. Recurrence was defined as metastatic disease detected during the first three years of postoperative follow-up study. Twenty patients had recurrences. A stepwise discriminant analysis of the surgical pathology quantities showed that all quantities except tumor size contributed significantly (P less than 0.01) to the discrimination between controls (no recurrence after 3-4 years) and patients who had recurrences within three years. When each of the biochemical quantities was combined with the surgical pathology data it was found that only urinary total hydroxy-proline to creatinine ratio improved the discrimination significantly (P less than 0.05) and that the effect was marginal.
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PMID:The value of routine biochemical and surgical pathology quantities in predicting recurrence in high-risk patients following surgery for primary breast cancer. 613 16

We describe a simple, rapid, and reproducible ion exchange mini-column chromatographic method for the quantitative measurement of biliary alkaline phosphatase in plasma. We have used this method to evaluate a cellulose acetate electrophoretic method, which was used to assess the value of measuring biliary alkaline phosphatase in 85 patients with breast cancer investigated for possible hepatic metastases. Biliary alkaline phosphatase activity was abnormal in 19 of 24 patients (79%) with liver metastases, but abnormalities were also found in 12 of 61 patients (20%) without hepatic metastases; in only 37% of patients with positive test results was this a consequence of liver metastases. For the identification of liver metastases, therefore, the method has useful sensitivity but limited specificity. Neither sensitivity nor specificity was significantly better than that of plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, which was measured concomitantly.
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PMID:Measurement of biliary alkaline phosphatase by mini-column chromatography and by electrophoresis and its application to the detection of liver metastases in patients with breast cancer. 614 Nov 85

In a retrospective study of 254 women with carcinoma of the breast (mean age 55.4 years) the occurrence of bone pain was compared with results of skeletal scanning, skeletal X-ray examinations and routine biochemical findings. Typical signs of skeletal metastases were found in bone scans of 119 patients, 88 (74%) of whom had bone pain. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 54 (45%), LDH in 32 (27%), and gamma-GT in 69 patients (58%). There was a statistical correlation between the number of affected skeletal parts and the absolute level of alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.001) and of LDH (P less than 0.05). Skeletal scans gave no evidence of bone metastases in 36 patients who had bone pains. In this group of patients alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 4, LDH in 1 and gamma-GT in 12 patients. Routine scanning of 254 patients revealed skeletal metastases in 12% without any clinical symptoms. Bone pain and (or) increased activity of alkaline phosphatase occurred in 91% of patients with skeletal metastases. In our view, bone scan in the postoperative control of breast cancer is justified only after onset of clinical symptoms and (or) if there is an abnormally raised alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:[Is routine bone scanning justified during the after-care for breast cancer?]. 614 14

Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 50 patients with various stages of breast cancer (I-II = 7, III = 6, IV = 24, treated and NED = 13), and 20 biochemical tests were performed. There are significant differences of hemoglobin, LDH, SGPT, serum protein, albumin, and alpha globulin values between patients with early (I, II, NED) and late (III, IV) lesions. Among patients with stage IV diseases, those patients with bony metastases had significantly higher values of alkaline phosphatase, alpha-1 globulin, IgA, and C-reactive protein than those with nonosseous lesions. Neither CEA nor pregnancy-associated alpha-2 glycoprotein showed any correlation with different stages or sites of breast cancer in these small series of patients.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of patients with breast cancer. 617 8


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