Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating agents and is a masked from compound. Combination chemotherapy with CMF or CAF has been commonly used as a first-line chemotherapy for recurrent and advanced breast cancer. The clinical efficacy of CMF chemotherapy (CPA + MTX + 5-FU) was evaluated on advanced and recurrent breast cancer. It is considered to be one of the most useful treatments. CAF chemotherapy (CPA + ADM + 5-FU) is also thought to be effective against breast cancers.
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PMID:[CMF or CAF combination chemotherapy for breast cancer]. 897 91

The significance of doxorubicin (ADR) was reviewed in the treatment of advanced as well as early breast cancer. The history of ADR treatment, mainly as a combination of CAF, or FAC, has revealed that ADR is still the key drug for breast cancer, the response rate being 40-60%. A multivariate analysis in 182 advanced breast cancer cases showed that the predictive factor was the dominant site of metastasis, and performance status (PS). Overall survival was determined with the age, the dominant site of metastasis, and PS. Recently the combination chemotherapy including ADR was evaluated to be equivalent to CMF type chemotherapy in the adjuvant settings.
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PMID:[Adriamycin--breast cancer]. 897 96

The antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation was investigated. Twenty-three patients who were treated with repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation received drip-infused granisetron (3 mg/body) to prevent nausea and vomiting. Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated by means of the severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting. The antiemetic efficacy rate of the drug was 74.4%. However, the average rate of antiemetic efficacy was 86.9% on the first through the sixth administration of the chemotherapy (first period). 75.9% on the seventh through the twelfth (second period), 48.4% on the thirteenth through the eighteenth (third period), and 31.8% on the nineteenth through the twenty-fourth (fourth period). There were significant differences in the antiemetic efficacy rate among the first, second and third periods. The antiemetic efficacy of granisetron decreased significantly by repeated CAF chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation]. 908 90

In Japan, 5-FU/5-FU derivatives or the combination therapy of CAF (cyclophosphamide, CPA; adriamycin, ADM; 5-fluorouracil; 5-FU) have been commonly used for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Recently, a combination of CEF (CPA; Epirubicin, EPI; 5-FU) has come to the stage of adjuvant setting, because the cardiotoxicity was reduced in EPI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of 6 cycles of CEF (CPA 700 mg/m2, EPI 70 mg/m2, 5-FU 700 mg/m2; day 1 iv every 3-4 weeks) in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer patients with nodal involvements. All 12 patients completed 6 cycles of CEF within 8 months. The median treatment duration was 6.2 months. More than Grade III side effects of neutropenia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were observed in 7/12 (58.3%), 5/12 (41.7%) and 12/12 (100%), respectively. No serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity, were shown. CEF seems to be feasible regimen as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
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PMID:[The feasibility of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-FU) regimen in the adjuvant setting of primary breast cancer]. 912 4

The present phase III trial was carried out to verify whether a kinetic recruitment induced by low doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES) could increase the killing efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. One-hundred and seventeen untreated patients with locally advanced breast cancer (stage IIIA/IIIB) were randomized to receive 3 courses of primary chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 i.v.), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2 i.v.) and fluorouracil (600 mg/m2 i.v.) (CAF) on day 1, or DES-CAF (DES, 1 mg orally days 1-3, CAF on day 4). The courses were repeated every 3 weeks. The patients who achieved an objective response were submitted to mastectomy followed by 3 courses of CAF alternated with 3 courses of CMF (cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2 i.v.; methotrexate, 40 mg/m2 i.v.; fluorouracil, 600 mg/m2 i.v.), with or without DES. The two treatment arms were well balanced in terms of clinical and pathologic features. There was no significant difference in response rates to induction chemotherapy between the two treatment arms (objective response rate, 63.3% for CAF and 56.1% for DES-CAF). Median overall survival was 49 and 47 months and median progression-free survival was 24 and 21 months for CAF and DES-CAF patients, respectively. Toxicity was not significantly different in the two groups, with the exception of leukopenia: DES chemotherapy was significantly more myelotoxic than the standard treatment, which resulted in a significant reduction in the actual dose intensity. In spite of the attractive experimental evidence, we conclude that so far there is no clinical advantage in the combination of estrogen and chemotherapy. Further research is needed to investigate different schedules of chemotherapy and hormones, or to test the possibility of combining various mitogens.
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PMID:A randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without estrogenic recruitment in locally advanced breast cancer. North-West Oncology Group (GONO) Study, Italy. 942 17

Efficacy of combination of ondansetron injection and tablet on CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil) induced emesis were investigated in 10 breast cancer patients (33 courses). Complete suppression rate of nausea or vomiting were approximately 75%, approximately 90% respectively for every treatment day. According to judgement criteria, antiemetic rate of approximately 100% was achieved during the study period. As to food intake of each treatment day, in approximately 70% of treatment courses was assessed as '(patient was) able to eat most of the meal'. Trend in emetic episodes and food intake in each patient receiving several courses of CAF therapy were evaluated. As a result, those patients experiencing nausea or vomiting or had effect on their food intake, were found to be in the similar condition in the following course (s) of CAF. No adverse drug reaction nor clinical laboratory test abnormalities due to ondansetron was observed. In this investigation, combination of ondansetron injection and tablet was shown to sufficiently suppress CAF-induced nausea and vomiting, and their efficacy was confirmed. Still, the study suggested that number of emetic episodes or degree of anorexia differs according to each individual. Therefore we regard additional administration of ondansetron or concomitant use of steroids should be considered when necessary.
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PMID:[Efficacy of combination of ondansetron injection and tablet in CAF-induced emesis in breast cancer patients]. 949 34

In the year 2000, the ongoing meta-analysis of the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group will be updated to include additional data from over 4000 patients treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues, principally goserelin. Four major international trials are currently in progress to evaluate the safety and efficacy of goserelin in comparison with the current standard treatments in early breast cancer, which are chemotherapy or tamoxifen. This paper provides an outline of the protocols and main objectives of the Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association (ZEBRA) trial (goserelin versus cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil [CMF]), the Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) trial (goserelin versus tamoxifen versus the combination of goserelin and tamoxifen versus no further treatment), the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) VIII trial (goserelin versus CMF versus CMF followed by goserelin) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/South Western Oncology Group (SWOG) trial (cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil [CAF] versus CAF followed by goserelin versus CAF followed by goserelin plus tamoxifen). Preliminary results are expected from the CRC trial in 1998 and from the ZEBRA and ECOG/SWOG trials in 1999. Results from the wide range of comparator regimens, treatment durations and patient subgroups investigated in these trials will greatly increase the clinical database and should help to define the optimum role for goserelin in the treatment of early breast cancer in premenopausal women.
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PMID:Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues in early breast cancer: updated status of ongoing clinical trials. 974 82

Using an Isolex 300 immunomagnetic cell separator, we carried out CD34+ cell selection in samples from 4 patients with solid tumors: 2 patients with relapsed breast cancer, 1 post-operative patient with advanced breast cancer, and 1 post-operative patient with advanced ovarian cancer. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF and high-dose chemotherapy (CAF or VIC-E regimen). The mean recovery rate for CD34+ cells was 62.0% and the mean purity was 89.5%. However, the mean recovery for colony-forming cells (CFC) was only 10.9%, suggesting that recovered CD34+ cells may be damaged during the separation of immunomagnetic beads by releasing peptide or by 4 cycles of cytocentrifugation (at 800 G for 10 min). Approximately 30% of the CFC, consisting largely of BFU-E, had been recovered in the CD34- cell fraction. Recently, it has been reported that primitive long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells may express weakly or not at all for CD34 antigen. This suggests that careful follow-up monitoring is necessary for long-term hematopoietic reconstitution after CD34+ cell transplantation.
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PMID:[CD34-positive cell selection using an Isolex 300 system in patients with solid tumors and its application for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]. 979 98

We report a 62-year-old woman with supraclavicular lymph node, pleural and bone metastases from breast cancer showing a long-term complete response to combination therapy with 5'-DFUR and MPA. A large amount of pleural effusion was drained followed by administration of ADM, which improved the amount of effusion. Treatment with CAF and TAM decreased tumor size, but CAF was abandoned due to severe leukopenia. Mastectomy was performed for local control. However, levels of tumor markers increased progressively. Administration of CMF was tried, but tumor markers continued to increase. Therefore, combined chemoendocrine therapy with 5'-DFUR and MPA was undertaken. Levels of tumor markers normalized and a complete response was obtained 13 months after starting this combination therapy. There are no further metastatic lesions evident, and this status has been consistently maintained for more than three years (six years and five months after diagnosis of breast cancer). There were no significant side effects of this combination therapy except for mild weight gain and moon face. This combination regimen with 5'-DFUR and MPA is considered useful as a second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:[A case of stage IV breast cancer showing long-term complete response to combination therapy with 5'-DFUR and MPA]. 983 17

We have compared the DNase I hypersensitivity of the regulatory region of two estrogen-regulated genes, pS2 and cathepsin D in hormone-dependent and -independent breast carcinoma cell lines. This strategy allowed the identification of two important control regions, one in pS2 and the other in cathepsin D genes. In the hormone-dependent MCF7 cell line, within the pS2 gene 5'-flanking region, we detected two major DNase I hypersensitive sites, induced by estrogens and/or IGFI: pS2-HS1, located in the proximal promoter and pS2-HS4, located -10.5 Kb from the CAP site, within a region that has not been cloned. The presence of these two DNase I hypersensitive sites correlates with pS2 expression. Interestingly in MCF7 cells, estrogens and IGFI induced indistinguishable chromatin structural changes over the pS2 regulatory region, suggesting that the two transduction-pathways converge to a unique chromatin target. In two cell lines that do not express pS2, MDA MB 231, a hormone-independent cell line that lacks the estrogen receptor alpha, and HE5, a cell line derived from MDA MB 231 by transfection that expresses estrogen receptor alpha, there was only one hormone-independent DNase I hypersensitive site. This site, pS2-HS2, was located immediately upstream of pS2-HS1. In MCF7 cells, two major DNase I hypersensitive sites were present in the 5'-flanking sequences of the cathepsin D gene, which is regulated by estrogens in these cells. These sites, catD-HS2 and catD-HS3, located at positions -2.3 Kb and -3.45 Kb, respectively, were both hormone-independent. A much weaker site, catD-HS1, covered the proximal promoter. In MDA MB 231 cells, that express cathepsin D constitutively, we detected an additional strong hormone-independent DNase I hypersensitive site, catD-HS4, located at position -4.3 Kb. This region might control the constitutive over-expression of cathepsin D in hormone-independent breast cancer cells. All together, these data demonstrate that a local reorganization of the chromatin structure over pS2 and cathepsin D promoters accompanies the establishment of the hormone-independent phenotype of the cells.
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PMID:Chromatin structure of the regulatory regions of pS2 and cathepsin D genes in hormone-dependent and -independent breast cancer cell lines. 992 10


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