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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In contrast to pulmonary parenchyma metastases or lymphangitic carcinomatosis, neoplastic emboli of small pulmonary arteries and capillaries frequently go unrecognized and are only discovered at autopsy. Five patients (48 +/- 12 years old) were admitted to 3 intensive care units for severe acute respiratory failure and died between the first and the tenth day following hospitalization. Each patient had a history of rapidly progressive dyspnea, and physical examination showed clinical evidence of right ventricular failure. The lungs were clear on chest X-rays and the ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with a right QRS axis. The mean partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were, respectively, 50.8 +/- 9.1 mm Hg and 22.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg. A swan-Ganz catheter, inserted into 4 patients, revealed pulmonary arterial hypertension (55, 43, 37, 28) with capillary wedge pressure within the normal limits and cardiac output normal or low (3.0, 3.8, 4.4, 5.0 l/min). Pulmonary angiograms from each patient showed decreased distal lung perfusion without any proximal defects suggestive of pulmonary embolism. The inferior vena cava always appeared clear. Malignant cells were found upon autopsy (4 cases) in the lumina of the pulmonary arterioles and the primary site of the cancer was determined in 3 patients (2 hepatomas and 1 pancreatic carcinoma). The last patient had a known breast cancer with bone marrow metastases and clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic evidence of neoplastic emboli. The clinical course of neoplastic emboli can suggest acute pulmonary embolism, but the diagnosis can only be advanced after pulmonary angiography, especially if the patient is to have a cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute respiratory distress caused by distal neoplastic pulmonary emboli]. 209 8

Review of the literature reveals little to no data regarding the use of the CO2 laser as a surgical modality in the local treatment of breast cancer. This study was undertaken to determine if the CO2 laser is a surgical improvement over the scalpel, influencing patient care during the surgical and postsurgical period. In the author's series, a total of 209 procedures were performed. Within this group, 105 cases were performed with CO2 laser and 104 cases performed with the scalpel. Biopsies were always performed as a separate procedure prior to definitive surgery. This study was not designed to compare cure rates, the medical follow-up period being 1 year. The results of this study demonstrate a significant improvement in patients' postoperative care, surgical technique, and hospital cost-effectiveness.
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PMID:CO2 laser in cancer surgery of the breast: a comparative clinical study. 310 Aug 94

Incubation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with breast cancer under agarose for 6 days at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere resulted in giant cell formation. This phenomenon appeared to be mediated by retroviruses present in these cells. In this study giant cell formation was investigated in patients with primary stage I and II breast cancer before and 3 months after mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance. Mastectomy had no significant inhibitory effect on giant cell formation. In vitro incubation of monocytes from patients with breast cancer in the presence of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) resulted in significant inhibition of giant cell formation (P less than 0.000003; paired Student's t-test). In vitro addition of medroxyprogesterone (Farlutal) to monocytes from patients with breast cancer also resulted in significant inhibition of giant cell formation (P less than 0.003: paired Student's t-test). Furthermore, incubation of monocytes from patients treated by mastectomy followed by 3 months treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen, resulted in a significant reduction (P less than 0.00007; paired Student's t-test) in the number of giant cells compared to the same samples tested before the commencement of the treatment. Giant cell formation may be used as a simple test to predicte the response of patients with breast cancer to either tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone.
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PMID:The effect of tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone on giant cell formation by monocytes from patients with breast cancer. 341 Aug 79

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in human breast cancer tissues was correlated with prolactinemia (Prl), estradiol and progesterone cytosol receptors (ER and PR), and histopathologic pattern. Ninety-two cases of breast cancer, six benign mammary disease, and three normal breast tissues were studied for ER, PR, and ODC. Prolactinemia was assessed in 59 cancer patients, 14 of whom showed hyper-Prl along with significantly higher ODC than in patients with normal-Prl [(20.01 +/- 6.33) 10(-2) vs (5.20 +/- 0.90) 10(-2) pmol CO2/micrograms protein/h; P less than 0.0125]. A direct correlation was found between Prl and ODC in postmenopausal women (n = 40). Prl was assayed in seven of 13 ER-PR breast cancer patients; a highly significant, direct correlation was found between Prl and ODC in this group (r = 0.934, P less than 0.0025). ODC did not correlate with ER or PR. Carcinomas with higher ODC (n = 17) had higher cellularity, lower histologic differentiation, and higher nuclear anaplasia than those in which ODC was not detectable (n = 13). In normal breast and five of six benign mammary disease tissues, ODC was not detectable. These findings suggest that ODC could be a reliable marker for prognosis.
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PMID:Ornithine decarboxylase activity, prolactin blood levels, and estradiol and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. 344 Feb 34

From April 1985 to March 1986 there were 48 cases of laser breast operations. Twelve cases of breast cancer were treated by modified radical mastectomy using a CO2 laser. Another twelve cases of breast cancer were treated conventionally using a scalped and electrocautery for the purpose of comparison. Laser surgery offers some advantages. The conventional surgery involved more blood loss (300 ml to 750 ml) and needed blood transfusion, whereas laser surgery produced a 200 ml to 400 ml blood loss with no need for transfusion. Since in laser surgery, cutting and ligation is by sealing, the laser operations took a shorter time, from 1.5 hours to 3 hours, whereas conventional surgery took 2 hours to 3.5 hours. All of the 24 cases of breast cancer, treated either by conventional or by laser surgery, had stitches removed on the tenth day. No wound disruption was observed in either group. In conclusion, laser surgery can provide a very safe and effective method in the treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:Laser operation for breast cancer. 344 30

Regional blood flow, oxygen extraction ratio, and oxygen utilisation were measured in nine patients with breast carcinoma by means of the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique and positron emission tomography. Regional blood volume was measured by means of tracer amounts of carbon-11-labelled carbon monoxide. The regional blood flow was consistently higher in non-necrotic tumour tissue than in surrounding normal breast tissue or contralateral normal breast. Oxygen utilisation was slightly higher in the tumour. The regional oxygen extraction ratio (ie, the fraction of oxygen extracted from the nutritional blood supply) was appreciably lower in the tumour than in normal breast tissue. These findings suggest that there is, at least on a macroscopic level, no supply-limited impairment of respiration in human breast cancer.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography for in-vivo measurement of regional blood flow, oxygen utilisation, and blood volume in patients with breast carcinoma. 614 Apr 43

The reproducibility of oestrogen and progestin receptor assays performed by laboratories participating in an international breast cancer treatment trial has been assessed. Three tissue reference powders containing low, medium and high oestrogen receptor levels (22 +/- 4, 88 +/- 7, 227 +/- 13 fmol/mg cytosol protein respectively) were prepared in Louisville, KY, U.S.A., assayed repeatedly and multiple samples of each shipped on solid CO2 to the coordination-distribution centre in Berne, Switzerland. Samples were dispatched from Berne to Cantons within Switzerland, to Yugoslavia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and also back to the United States for oestrogen and progestin receptor assays. Results were returned to Berne, Switzerland. There was a decrease in the levels of oestrogen and progestin receptors during the time of storage and transit. However, the ability to assign a powder to either the low, medium or high level of oestrogen receptor was not affected. Laboratories also determined progestin receptor. All laboratories clearly identified the powder containing the low level of progestin receptor, but there was poor quantitation with the other two assay standards. It is recommended that clinical hormone receptor laboratories, especially those participating in clinical trials, establish regular quality control procedures for both daily evaluation internally and periodic outside monitoring of interlaboratory variation.
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PMID:Reliability of steroid hormone receptor assays: an international study. 668 73

Breast cancer is an increasingly common problem affecting one in nine women. The optimal management of carcinoma of the breast remains controversial. This paper reviews the rationale for the use of laser technology in the treatment of primary and advanced breast cancer. The CO2 laser has several properties which make it advantageous for breast surgery. The technical details for optimal laser utilization are presented. Experimental evidence documents a marked reduction of local tumor recurrence following surgery with lasers. Preliminary human studies suggest that laser use lengthens the disease-free interval and may decrease local recurrence. Interstitial laser therapy holds promise for use in the treatment of locally advanced breast tumors and has been suggested by some as a potential modality for the primary therapy of breast cancer. The clinical use of lasers in the treatment of breast cancer is justified.
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PMID:Applications of laser technology in breast cancer therapy. 748 70

The P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a plasma membrane protein overexpressed in multidrug-resistant tumor cells, is thought to be both an ATPase that actively exports cytotoxic drugs and a Cl- channel activated by cell swelling. The partial reversal of multidrug resistance by Cl- transport blockers suggests a possible role for Cl- in Pgp-mediated drug transport. We used multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human breast cancer cells expressing Pgp to study the roles of Cl- (and also Na+ and HCO3-/CO2) on Pgp-mediated efflux of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123). In Pgp-expressing Chinese hamster fibroblasts, exposed to isosmotic solutions, the unidirectional efflux of R123 was not measurably changed by a approximately 60-min removal of Cl- (or by exposure to Na(+)-free, or nominally HCO3-/CO2-free medium); short term (2-3 min) ion substitutions were also ineffective. In human breast cancer cells transfected with human mdr1 cDNA, hyposmotic solutions activated a Cl- current but had no effect on the Pgp-mediated unidirectional efflux of R123. Additionally, in human breast cancer cells, the intracellular presence of R123 did not prevent activation of the Cl- current by hyposmotic solution. The lack of detectable effect of removal of Cl-, Na+, or HCO3- on Pgp-mediated R123 transport rules out direct coupling between substrate transport and transport of either of these ions by Pgp. The persistence of Pgp-mediated R123 efflux in osmotically swollen cells indicates that activation of the Pgp-associated Cl- current does not hinder the Pgp pump function. The lack of effect of R123 on swelling-activated Cl- current denotes that Pgp-mediated transport of organic substrates and Pgp-associated Cl- currents can occur at the same time in a single cell. These results underscore the dissociation between Pgp-mediated active drug transport and electrodiffusive Cl- transport.
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PMID:Relationships between rhodamine 123 transport, cell volume, and ion-channel function of P-glycoprotein. 751 Feb 82

In this study the authors examined the influence of 71, beta-estradiol on cutaneous fibroblasts taken off either from healthy patients with no family history for cancer, or from patients with breast cancer. Fibroblasts were taken from the subcutaneous tissue of the mammary gland by a biopsy carried out in each patients on the same quadrant of the granular surface. Soon after biopsy, the tissue fragments have been washed, dished ed incubated in RPMI at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The action of the hormone was evaluated by the means of cells count for field, in 20 fields in each dish with an inverted microscope (20 x magnification). The results demonstrated that cutaneous fibroblasts from patients with breast cancer show higher values of cell density than those from healthy one. This phenomenon is present both in basal conditions and after hormonal treatment. Two different dosages were used, but only the highest (100 microliters/ml of 17, beta-estradiol) was responsible for an increase of the cell density in all of the treated patients as compared the control groups. These data suggests the presence of a threshold dosage for the estrogens. Below such a dosage there are no effects on cellular growth.
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PMID:[Different proliferative capacity of human fibroblasts after 17 beta-estradiol administration]. 759 30


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