Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present experiment was planned to verify the effect of calcium on adenyl cyclase in isolated human adrenal cells. Normal adrenal glands were obtained surgically from patients with primary aldosteronism and advanced breast cancer. Isolated adrenal cells were prepared by the modified Haning's method. They were incubated at 37C under a gas mixture of 95 percent O2: 5 percent CO2 in calcium-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution containing 0.2 percent glucose and 0.5 percent fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin, to which various doses of CaCl2 or ACTH were added. Thirty minutes later, cyclic-AMP was measured by cyclic-AMP assay kit (The Radio-chemical Center, Amersham). 11-OHCS was estimated fluorometrically by the modified Silber's method after incubation for 2 hours. In the calcium-free incubation medium, productions of 11-OHCS and cyclic-AMP were negligible. In the concentration of 2.54 mM/L of calcium, 11-OHCS production increased with significant difference statistically, while the increase of cyclic-AMP production was not significant. In the concentration of 12.70 mM/L of calcium, however, cyclic-AMP production increased remarkably. When ACTH was added to the incubation medium containing 2.54 mM/L of calcium, productions of 11-OHCS and cyclic-AMP also increased remarkably. These results indicate that adenyl cyclase of human adrenocortical cells is directly stimulated by calcium and suggest that calcium acts as the second messenger of ACTH.
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PMID:[The effect of calcium on steroidogenesis in isolated human adrenal cells (author's transl)]. 20 11

The problem of radical treatment of breast cancer which largely contributes nowadays to overall cancer incidence in female population is far from being solved. In view of the significance of surgical treatment of breast cancer, the study was initiated to clear up relations between blood loss and kind of surgery. Three groups of patients were assessed for blood loss: subjected to standard mastectomy, modified mastectomy and mastectomy with application of CO2-laser. The blood loss reached 351.2 +/- 11.2 ml, 303.0 +/- 10.8 ml and 155.0 +/- 12.4 ml, respectively. The results evidence the advantage of CO2-laser application in mastectomy in respect to reducing blood loss.
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PMID:[The use of CO2-laser and blood loss during mastectomy]. 128 61

The paper discusses peculiarities of breast cancer surgery using high-energy CO2 laser. Advantages of laser scalpel are discussed. CO2 laser was employed in 120 cases of breast surgery including 70 operations for cancer (radical mastectomy and radical resection--35 cases each). Operative blood loss was reduced by half (from 350 to 140 ml). The duration of surgery and wound healing did not increase. Postoperative pain was less severe. The study is in progress.
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PMID:[The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the surgical treatment of breast cancer]. 130 Jun 86

The kinetic mechanism of the cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme from cultured human breast cancer cell line was studied by steady-state kinetics. In the direction of oxidative decarboxylation, the initial-velocity and product-inhibition studies indicate that the enzyme reaction follows a sequential ordered Bi-Ter kinetic mechanism with NADP+ as the leading substrate followed by L-malate. The products are released in the order of CO2, pyruvate, and NADPH. The enzyme is unstable at high salt concentration and elevated temperature. However, it is stable for at least 20 min under the assay conditions. Tartronate (2-hydroxymalonate) was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for the enzyme with respect to L-malate. The kinetic mechanism of the cytosolic tumor malic enzyme is similar to that for the pigeon liver cytosolic malic enzyme but different from those for the mitochondrial enzyme from various sources.
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PMID:Kinetic mechanism of the cytosolic malic enzyme from human breast cancer cell line. 163 39

The paper reports on the use of carbon dioxide and Nd:YAG lasers for palliation of locoregional breast cancer recurrences. On the basis of three case reports, pros and cons of laser assisted treatment of loco-regionally recurrent breast cancer are discussed. A carbon dioxide--Nd:YAG combination therapy is proposed as the method best suited. The preliminary results indicate that laser palliation of local relapse and soft tissue metastases might enlarge the therapeutic spectrum.
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PMID:Laser palliation of locoregional recurrences of breast cancer. 171 77

In 1989 the P. A. Hertzen Moscow Research Cancer Institute initiated a trial of high-energy CO2-laser in surgical treatment of breast cancer. Altogether 180 operations were performed. The data are presented on specific features of the laser incision and related breast tissue destruction, factors responsible for variations in the above parameters, laser scalpel advantages.
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PMID:[High-energy lasers in the treatment of breast tumors]. 176 8

The paper is a review of the experience gained by foreign and Soviet (the Moscow Cancer Research Institute) investigators in using high-energy CO2-laser fo treatment of breast cancer. It is demonstrated that employment of laser scalpel improves operative results, does not induce complications, prolongs survival and recurrence-free period of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:[CO2 lasers in the treatment of breast cancer]. 178 Jul 76

Triptolide (Tri) is a diterpenoid triepoxide isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. The effects of Tri on the colony formation of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20, stomach cancer cell lines MKN-45, MKN-7, and KATO-III, and promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 were reported. Using Hamburger-Salmon's double layer agar technique with certain modifications, cancer cells were cultured in 0.3% agar in a highly humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for 14-21 d. Colonies were counted on d 14 (occasionally d 21) with the colony analyzer system CA-7A. Of the 5 solid tumor cell lines tested, 4 showed diminished colony formation in soft agar by greater than 70% of control value in Tri 10(-8) mol.L-1 (continuous exposure). The magnitudes of the inhibitory effect of Tri on most breast and stomach cancer cell lines were similar to that on the leukemia cell line HL-60. IC50 were 0.504-1.22 micrograms.L-1. The clinically achievable peak plasma concentration (PPC) of Tri was estimated as 0.15 mg.L-1, being 72-126 times higher than the IC70 of the cancer cell lines except KATO-III. The results suggest that Tri might have a potential therapeutic effect on some types of solid tumors, e.g., breast and stomach cancers.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of triptolide on colony formation of breast and stomach cancer cell lines. 181 94

The antitumor antibiotics, epipodophyllotoxins, and vinca alkaloids represent a major portion of the therapeutic armamentarium against almost all treatable neoplasms. However, their use has been limited by the acquisition of drug resistance as well as by serious nonhematologic toxicities such as cardiac toxicities with the anthracyclines, pulmonary toxicities with bleomycin, and peripheral nervous system toxicities with the vinca alkaloids. This paper discusses several new developments over the last year, particularly advances in our understanding of 1) the antitumor efficacy and ultimate clinical role of several novel analogues that appear to have improved therapeutic indices in certain malignancies such as idarubicin in acute myelogenous leukemia, epirubicin in breast cancer, and vinorelbine in breast and non-small cell lung cancers; 2) the nature, risks, detection, and prevention of serious nonhematologic toxicities such as the role of the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity test in the early detection of pulmonary toxicity from bleomycin, and youth as a risk factor for anthracycline cardiomyopathy; 3) the optimal scheduling and administration of these agents including chronic low-dose oral, infusional, and intraperitoneal administration schedules for the epipodophyllotoxins and infusional schedules for the vinca alkaloids; 4) differences in the pharmacology and recommendations for the use of the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide in patients with excretory organ dysfunction; and 5) the clinical feasibility of reversing multidrug resistance by using calcium channel blockers, the potential utility of other classes of agents to modulate multidrug resistance in the clinic, and new insights on resistance to bleomycin.
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PMID:Current developments in antitumor antibiotics, epipodophyllotoxins, and vinca alkaloids. 184 8

The antiestrogen tamoxifen (Tam or Nolvadex, ICI)-Z-1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino) ethoxy]phenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene is widely used in treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. The drug is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 dependent hepatic mixed function oxidase in man, yielding mainly the N-desmethyl metabolite (DMT). This study has been carried out to determine the P450 enzyme involved in the N-oxidative demethylation of Tam in microsomal samples from 25 human livers (23 adults, two children). This metabolic step was inhibited by carbon monoxide up to 75%. Tam was demethylated into DMT with an apparent Km of 98 +/- 10 microM; rates varied between 37 and 446 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein. These metabolic rates were strongly correlated with 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone (r = 0.83) and erythromycin N-demethylase (r = 0.75), both activities known to be associated with P450 IIIA enzyme. To further assess whether or not the Tam demethylation pathway is catalysed by the same P450, the inhibitory effect of TST on this reaction was determined. The competitive inhibition had an apparent Ki of 100 +/- 10 microM. Drugs such as erythromycin, cyclosporin, nifedipine and diltiazem were shown to inhibit in vitro the metabolism of tamoxifen. Furthermore the P450 IIIA content of liver microsomal samples, measured by Western blot technique using a monoclonal P450NF (nifedipine) antibody, was strongly correlated with DMT formation (r = 0.87). Tam N-demethylase activity was inhibited by more than 65% with polyclonal anti-human anti-P450NF. All these in vitro observations establish that a P450 enzyme of the IIIA sub-family is involved in the oxidative demethylation of tamoxifen in human liver.
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PMID:Identification of the cytochrome P450 IIIA family as the enzymes involved in the N-demethylation of tamoxifen in human liver microsomes. 203 44


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