Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight and 24 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with Aminoglutethimide (AG) or AG + Tamoxifen (AG + TAM) from June 1984 to June 1989, respectively. Evaluated cases were 25 and 21 treated with AG or AG+TAM, respectively. Objective response was seen in 5/25 (20.0%) for AG treatment with 9, 13, 16, 20 and 31 months remission and 4/21 (19.1%) for AG + TAM treatment with 6, 7, 12 and 26 months remission. Response rate according to dominant site of metastases were 1/10 in soft tissue, 2/7 in bone, 2/7 in lung and pleura treated with AG, 1/9 in soft tissue, and 3/5 in lung treated with AG + TAM treatment. Two of the 5 responding patients in AG treatment group had prior tamoxifen treatment and 3 out of 4 responding patients in AG + TAM treatment group had prior chemoendocrine therapy with tamoxifen and FAC chemotherapy. Main toxic side effects were lethargy and/or rash, and drug discontinuation was required in 3 cases of AG treatment group and 2 cases of AG + TAM treatment group. Serial determination of serum hormone levels during AG or AG + TAM treatment revealed a decrease in estrone and an increase in androstenedione in many cases of both treatment groups. This data suggested that AG treatment may be favorable for endocrine treatment for advanced breast cancer patients, but the response to AG was not augmented by adding TAM.
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PMID:[Aminoglutethimide and aminoglutethimide+tamoxifen treatment for advanced breast cancer]. 141 9

Tamoxifen has been implicated as a risk factor for venous thrombosis in advanced breast cancer although the evidence for increased arterial or venous thrombosis with tamoxifen in early breast cancer is less clear. The effect of tamoxifen on haemostasis, and thereby possible thromboembolic risk, was investigated in normal women enrolled in a placebo controlled trial of tamoxifen as a chemopreventative agent for breast cancer. There was an initial reduction in fibrinogen levels in all women on tamoxifen over the first year of follow-up and a marginal reduction in antithrombin III and Protein S in postmenopausal women at 6 months. There were no changes in cross linked fibrinogen degradation products or Protein C for pre or post-menopausal women. There was no increase in the incidence of thromboembolic events on tamoxifen. This study demonstrates that tamoxifen has only marginal effects on factors involved in haemostasis reported to affect the incidence of arterial or venous thromboembolic disease. The follow-up time is relatively short (maximum 36 months) and careful long term follow-up is necessary to detect clinically significant morbidity.
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PMID:Haemostatic changes and thromboembolic risk during tamoxifen therapy in normal women. 141 16

The influence of Tamoxifen on the vaginal epithelium of 33 premenopausal and 99 post-menopausal women with primary advanced breast cancer was investigated. The karyopyknotic index (KPI) values were assessed before starting therapy and at monthly intervals during therapy with Tamoxifen. A decrease in the KPI in menstruating women and a slight but definite increase in KPI values in post-menopausal women were observed.
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PMID:Cytological evaluation of the effect of Tamoxifen in premenopausal and post-menopausal women with primary breast cancer by analysis of the karyopyknotic indices of vaginal smears. 142 Oct 4

The antiproliferative activity of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was evaluated using the hemocytometric trypan blue exclusion method, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and a total protein determination. Tamoxifen was evaluated over a concentration range from 10(-9) to 10(-6) M. The hemocytometric trypan blue exclusion method and [3H]-thymidine incorporation were sensitive enough to demonstrate the inhibitory influence of tamoxifen on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells at a concentration as low as 10(-9) M. A very good correlation of these two methods was observed in the submicromolar concentration range of tamoxifen. The total protein determination method was only sensitive enough to detect the antiproliferative influence of tamoxifen at concentrations above 10(-6) M. In conclusion, the [3H]-thymidine incorporation method was found to be effective and much less time consuming than the hemocytometric trypan blue exclusion method for evaluating the antiproliferative effects of antiestrogens in cultured MCF-7 cells. However, when evaluating antiestrogens, which are cell-cycle specific, the results of the [3H]-thymidine incorporation method should be interpreted with caution.
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PMID:Cell-growth quantitation methods for the evaluation of antiestrogens in human breast cancer cells in culture. 142 29

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen employed frequently in the treatment of breast cancer. An association between this drug and endometrial neoplasia has been reported. We report on 11 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who developed endometrial cancer while undergoing tamoxifen therapy and recommend aggressive investigation of vaginal bleeding in all women being treated with this agent.
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PMID:Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer. 143 40

A 66-year-old postmenopausal woman presented in June 1991 with a giant ulcerated left breast tumor. She had discovered the tumor two years previously, but had never visited any medical institution. She was diagnosed as advanced breast cancer with multiple lung metastases, bone metastasis, and both supraclavicular lymph node metastases by physical examination, fine needle aspiration cytology, chest X-P, and bone scintigraphy. Incisional biopsy, performed to confirm the histological type of breast cancer and to evaluate estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PgR) status, revealed solid-tubular carcinoma. Both ER and PgR were highly positive at 322.6 and 228.0 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Therefore, endocrine therapy was chosen to treat this advanced breast cancer patient, although she had multiple organ metastases. Twenty mg of Tamoxifen a day was administered per os. After treatment with tamoxifen, the size of ulceration started to decreased and the dyspnea caused by multiple lung metastases was reduced. Eight weeks after, she showed partial response (PR) determined from the size of the ulceration and chest X-P. She has been maintaining PR for more than 9 months. Thus, Tamoxifen was shown to be very effective for this case of advanced breast cancer with multiple organ metastases.
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PMID:[A case of advanced breast cancer with multiple organ metastases successfully treated by tamoxifen]. 144 94

Tamoxifen, which is increasingly being used in breast cancer patients, has been associated with an elevated frequency of endometrial carcinoma. To our knowledge not a single case of uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) has been documented during tamoxifen treatment. No conclusions as to a causal relationship are yet being made, but if it is due to tamoxifen, we should advise a strategy for prevention, because this subtype is not as curable as endometrioid carcinoma.
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PMID:An unusual type of endometrial cancer, related to tamoxifen? 145 92

From January 1984 through December 1990, 311 patients affected with breast cancer were treated with quadrantectomy plus lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy (QUART) at the Umberto I Hospital in Mestre, Italy. The patients with positive nodes (N+) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) or hormonotherapy (Tamoxifen) according to pausal status. Most patients were in the 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life; 60.5% of them were over 50. Staging was always performed according to TNM classification (UICC criteria) and demonstrated mostly stage-I lesions (66.9%). Overall and disease-free (NED) survival rates were 95%; mean survival rates were 7.47 (+/- 0.138) and 7.22 (+/- 0.164) years, respectively. Ten patients died (5 from breast cancer); 6 local relapses were observed and 8 metastases. Metastases were seen mostly in patients with breast cancer in the internal quadrants (QI) N0, with no statistically significant differences relative to the other groups. This is probably due to the existence of an axillary pN0 and parasternal N+ group of patients, who receive insufficient treatment.
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PMID:[Results of conservative treatment of stage I-II carcinoma of the breast. Analysis of 311 patients]. 145 28

Tamoxifen is now established for use in premenopausal as well as postmenopausal patients. Recent reports have not shown its activity to be enhanced by the addition of either prednisolone, progestogens, or interferon. Reversible ocular toxicity from tamoxifen appears to be more common than had been previously realized. Different schedules giving the same dose intensity of doxorubicin give markedly different pharmacokinetic profiles. Although this does not lead to differences in responses or physical toxicity, it seems to have important implications for quality of life. Taxol is showing impressive activity in advanced breast cancer, and significant response rates have also been reported for carboplatin and podophyllotoxin derivatives. To achieve maximum effectiveness from the cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil combination, attention to schedule and dose intensity has been shown to be important. No new effective cytotoxic combinations have been described. High-dose chemotherapy requiring bone marrow support remains experimental. Further progress has been made in monitoring the response of metastatic bone disease to treatment. The precise significance for patients of the results in many of the papers reviewed is often uncertain because they lack quality-of-life measures; the importance of this approach is emphasized.
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PMID:Metastatic breast cancer and its complications. 145 19

The CRC Adjuvant Breast Trial, launched in 1980 to repeat both the Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation tamoxifen trial and the Scandinavian trial of perioperative cyclophosphamide trial, randomised 2230 stage I or II early breast cancer patients in a 2 x 2 factorial design to investigate the benefits of a short course of perioperative cyclophosphamide or tamoxifen daily for 2 years. At a median follow-up of 7.8 years, no significant benefit is noted for perioperative cyclophosphamide, however the main effect analysis for adjuvant tamoxifen demonstrates a significant improvement in disease-free survival which increases with time over the follow-up period. These results are in keeping with the World Overview of Trials of Adjuvant Tamoxifen. However, this study is unique, having a large number of node negative patients and over 500 premenopausal women in a comparison of tamoxifen and control. The relative risk reductions for the node negative patients for disease-free survival are greater than for node positive patients. This might suggest that the absolute benefit for adjuvant tamoxifen is similar in both groups of patients, bearing in mind the increase risk of relapse with node positive patients. No trend for interaction emerges according to age or menopausal status suggesting an identical benefit for pre and postmenopausal women. Similar relative risk reductions are seen when the data are stratified according to tumour size, suggesting a similar positive benefit may be seen for all patients irrespective of tumour size. Of particular interest is the incidence of contralateral breast cancer, the initial overall effect which emerged at the third year of follow-up ceases to be apparent. However subgroup analysis according to menopausal status suggests a trend for interaction with a reduction in the risk of contralateral breast cancer in the postmenopausal women and a marginal increase in the risk of contralateral breast cancer in premenopausal women. Plausible mechanisms exist to explain this difference in outcome and these data need to be confirmed or refuted by other large trials of adjuvant tamoxifen especially at this time when the chemoprophylaxis of breast cancer in high risk premenopausal women by tamoxifen is being considered.
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PMID:The effect of adjuvant tamoxifen: the latest results from the Cancer Research Campaign Adjuvant Breast Trial. Cancer Research Campaign Breast Cancer Trials Group. 152 21


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