Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

The diagnostic significance of three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), of carcinoembryonic antigen and of phosphoglucose isomerase have been compared in sera of patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease and normal age matched controls. The results of the study indicate that the performance of spermine was more striking than that of any of the other markers. The estimation of spermine may prove to be a valuable parameter not only in detection but also in prediction of recurrence of the disease.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum spermine in breast cancer. 336 71

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of different serum tumor markers in patients with breast cancer who developed recurrent disease. Determined were tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Serum samples of 411 breast cancer patients with either locoregional or metastatic recurrence were analyzed. Positive rates of all three markers depended on the clinical stage of the disease, with highest rates of elevated titers in advanced disease. In comparison, CEA and TPA are more sensitive markers than PHI. According to the site of recurrence, CEA exhibited the highest rate of elevated titers in patients with bone metastases and PHI in patients with visceral metastases. Using PHI in combination with CEA, sensitivity (ie, at least one marker is elevated) was increased by 6-20% compared to the results obtained with single marker analysis. However, for easier interpretation of the tumor marker results in clinical practice, it may be helpful to employ a product value of CEA and PHI.
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PMID:Comparison of serum CEA, PHI, and TPA as tumor markers in breast cancer patients. 356 16

The activity of phosphohexose isomerase [PHI] was measured in 48 primary carcinomas from patients with breast cancer, and its usefulness as a predictor of response to cytotoxic drugs at the metastatic stage was evaluated. There was a statistically significant difference in the activity of PHI between responders and non-responders to these treatments. These preliminary findings are currently being evaluated in an extended series.
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PMID:The activity of phosphohexose isomerase in primary breast carcinomas and response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic disease. 374 15

The activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and phosphohexose isomerase in primary human breast cancer biopsies are shown to be related to the time between mastectomy and recurrence of the cancer. These enzymes have higher activity in malignant breast tissues generally than in non-malignant breast tissues. In tumours from patients with long free periods these differences are not apparent.Evidence is presented which suggests that two different types of breast cancer can be distinguished according to the relative amounts of phosphohexose isomerase and acidic nuclear proteins. It is suggested that this difference may be related to hormone responsiveness.
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PMID:Enzyme activity, acidic nuclear proteins, and prognosis in human breast cancer. 542 52

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic significance of serum tumor markers in metastatic breast cancer and to evaluate their usefulness in monitoring palliative treatment. One hundred sixty-two breast cancer patients with various disease involvement have been followed-up by serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG), alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) analysis for 6 to 29 months. In metastatic disease, rates of elevated tumor marker levels ranging between 44% and 91% were found except for beta-HCG (13%). The low rate of positive beta-HCG values did not suggest that routine estimation may be useful. For the other markers, differences in positive rates were seen when site of metastasis, tumor burden, tumor activity, and stage of disease were taken into account. CEA and TPA were shown to be more sensitive indicators for metastatic disease than AP and PHI. TPA was more sensitive but less specific than CEA; both provided almost identical discrimination. In monitoring palliative treatment, a close correlation was found between the clinical course and changes of CEA. AP and PHI frequently became elevated only in very advanced disease, their elevation supported the clinical evidence of progression.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers in metastatic breast cancer and course of disease. 619 67

Water-suppressed proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma had been proposed as a technique for detecting malignant tumors although its general diagnostic value is widely contested. To assess its diagnostic value in screening for breast cancer, we collected and analyzed 108 plasma samples from healthy women and women with breast disorders, mainly adenocarcinomas. No significant differences were found between controls and patients when average methylene-methyl linewidths were compared. Significant differences, however, were observed when methylene linewidths were compared. Unfortunately, the marked overlapping of both groups greatly reduced the possible diagnostic value of the technique. Among the various biochemical parameters analyzed for each plasma sample--triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentration, altered levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, phosphohexose isomerase, 5'-nucleotidase and phosphatase alkaline in patient samples, and estrogen and progesterone receptors of tumors--only triglyceride concentrations presented a clear inverse linear correlation with methylene linewidths.
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PMID:Study of the ability of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human plasma to differentiate between controls and breast cancer patients. 838 28

A normal human lymphocyte-derived 54 kDa polypeptide, capable of regulating cell growth has been identified as an isoform variant (abbreviated as NP54) of protein neuroleukin-phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Since distinct PGI variants undetectable in normal tissues had been identified in breast cancer tissues, the effect of NP54 on the growth of human breast cancer cells SK-Br-3 in cultures was analyzed. Exposure to NP54 caused a dose-dependent growth modulation. Approximately 40% reduction of cell density was detected at 40 pM of NP54, along with a blocking of G1 cells entering into S phase. The growth modulation was correlated with a significantly reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) gene transcript, supporting the interpretation that the level of EGF-R expression and cell growth are related mechanisms. NP54 treatment also significantly increased cells with apoptotic morphological feature and fragmented DNA. Incubation with a monoclonal anti-NP54 antibody negated NP54 activity, confirming a regulatory activity in cell growth and apoptosis.
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PMID:Regulation of growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells by a 54 kDa lymphokine. 1049 70

Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 has been linked to the development and maintenance of malignant phenotypes in breast tumors. In addition, the growth and dissemination of human cancers are regulated in part by the autocrine motility factor (AMF)/phosphoglucose isomerase shown to be up-regulated by heregulin (HRG) in breast cancer cells. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody 4D5 [Herceptin (HCT)] on AMF expression and the potential of its augmentation by specific simple sugar AMF inhibitors. Here we show that HCT treatment of high HER2-expressing breast cancer SK-BR3, BT-474, and ZR-75R cells resulted in down-regulation of AMF mRNA and protein. HCT inhibited the ability of HRG to induce AMF expression in cells with a normal HER2 level, and HCT-mediated down-regulation could be reversed by HRG treatment in breast cancer cells with a high HER2 level. HCT also inhibited transcription from a chimeric pGL3-Luc vector-based reporter system containing the 1.8-kb promoter region of human AMF. Treatment of breast cancer cells with the combination of HCT and specific AMF inhibitors, erythrose 4-phosphate or D-mannose 6-phosphate, resulted in an additive inhibitory effect on both the growth rate and invasiveness of cells as compared with treatment with each agent alone. Results presented here suggest that HCT can effectively block both ligand-induced and constitutive expression of AMF associated with high HER2 overexpression, implying a role of the AMF pathway in the action of HCT. Accordingly, the combination of AMF inhibitor with HCT can potentiate the growth-inhibitory and anti-invasive action of HCT in breast cancer cells.
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PMID:Antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody herceptin inhibits autocrine motility factor (AMF) expression and potentiates antitumor effects of AMF inhibitors. 1237

Autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) was identified as a binding partner for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in solubilized T47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell membranes. The interaction between AMF/PGI and IGFBP-3 was verified by cross-linking biotinylated IGFBP-3 to intact cells. After solubilization of the membranes, the biotinylated complexes were precipitated with streptavidin-agarose conjugate and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A M(r) approximately 80,000 complex was identified when the nitrocellulose membranes were probed either with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate or AMF/PGI antiserum confirming the cross-linking of IGFBP-3 to AMF/PGI. The interaction between IGFBP-3 and AMF/PGI was also further confirmed by ligand blotting of purified AMF/PGI using biotinylated IGFBP-3. Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated IGFBP-3 inhibited the catalytic activity of AMF/PGI in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, IGFBP-3 inhibited the binding of AMF/PGI to breast cancer cells and AMF/PGI-induced migration of both T47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. IGFBP-3 also decreased the phosphorylation of AMF/PGI and reduced the translocation of AMF/PGI to the cell membrane and AMF/PGI. AMF/PGI resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of IGFBP-3 induced apoptosis in T47D and MCF-7 cells. In summary, we have identified AMF/PGI as a membrane-associated binding partner for IGFBP-3 in breast cancer cells. The ability of IGFBP-3 to bind and inhibit the actions of AMF/PGI may have some role in the antiproliferative proapoptotic effects of IGFBP-3.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 interacts with autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) and inhibits the AMF/PGI function. 1505 7


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