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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The urinary excretion of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and oestriol (E2) was measured in 42 obese post-menopausal women before and 6-12 mth after their participation in a weight reduction programme. The method of inducing weight loss was based on modification of eating behaviour without specific changes in dietary composition. Urinary oestrogen, as a ratio to creatinine, were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay after purification of the specific oestrogen fraction. Before weight reduction efforts, there is a significant correlation among E1, weight and the Quetelet-index and between E3 and the Quetelet-index. These correlations have disappeared after weight reduction. There is a significant positive correlation between changes in body-weight and changes in the excretion of E1, E3 and total oestrogens. There was no significant change in the so-called oestrogen ratio (E1 + E2/E3) in relation to change in body weight. With respect to the statistical association between endometrial cancer, breast cancer and overweight, our data give support to the concept that intervention programmes on weight reduction may influence both the incidence and the prognosis of these two diseases.
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PMID:Weight reduction and oestrogen excretion in obese post-menopausal women. 712 Dec 95

The pre-eminence of breast cancer as a significant cause of premature mortality and as the most prevalent cancer of women in North America justifies a major thrust in prevention. In the past, a number of hormonal risk factors were identified. Increasingly, evidence is being obtained to support the role of dietary risk factors and most particularly the total level of dietary fat. Overweight as a risk factor in postmenopausal women also points to the importance of dietary factors. It is concluded that the time is ripe for an active program of evaluating the effect of reduction in the consumption of total fat, particularly in adolescent, early adult and premenopausal women, and in reducing overweight in postmenopausal women, both as aspects of national policy and as special investigations in defined population groups.
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PMID:Breast Cancer. 723 67

Plasma prolactin has been measured in over 3,500 women volunteers from a normal population. In premenopausal women there was a significant decrease in prolactin levels with increasing parity. However, this effect was transitory since plasma prolactin concentration rose with increasing time after the birth of the last child. There were no significant differences in prolactin levels with respect to height and weight, although overweight compared to underweight women had approximately 15% more plasma prolactin. If prolactin is a carcinogen, then these results are in keeping with the epidemiological findings that multiparity affords protection and that age at last delivery is a risk factor in the development of breast cancer.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer: relation to parity, weight and height, and age at first birth. 730 79

Body weight, as a parameter to be considered in the treatment of women with breast cancer, was studied to determine any association between it and estrogen receptor protein (ERP) content. ERP was determined in 83 women with primary or metastatic breast tumors. A strong association between ERP and body weight was noted among the 62 postmenopausal women with primary and metastatic tumors. 80% of those with weight equal to or less than 150 pounds had positive ERs, as opposed to only 43% of those of higher weight (P .01). A similar assocation was found among the 56 postmenopausal women with primary breast tumors. The corresponding percentages were 81 and 47 (P .01). There were 21 determinations of ERP among premenopausal women: 13 of 21 (61%) had positive ER as opposed to 42 of 62 (68%) in the postmenopausal group. In all 83 women combined, 11 of 24 overweight women had positive ERP determinations compared with 44 of 59 (75%) with lower weight (P .025).
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PMID:Association between estrogen receptors and weight in women with breast cancer. 735 23

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to examine the effect of body weight/fat and physical activity on risk of breast cancer on 617 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 531 controls matched to the cases by age (+/- 5 years), race, year of interview (+/- 1 year) and hospital of admission. Breast cancer was not found to be associated with height, while being overweight appeared to be protective in premenopausal women [odds ratio, OR = 0.4 (0.2-0.7) for cases who weighted > or = 72.7 kg versus controls]. Increased body mass index (BMI) was protective in premenopausal women [OR = 0.4 (0.2-0.6) in breast cancer cases with BMI > or = 27 versus controls], but not in postmenopausal women, for whom it was a risk factor [OR = 1.5 (1.0-2.3)]. Few women reported any strenuous physical activity from ages 15 to 22 years (22% of premenopausal, 13% of postmenopausal women), and no significant effect on breast cancer risk was observed.
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PMID:A case-control study on breast cancer and body mass. The American Health Foundation--Division of Epidemiology. 764 45

In a case-control-study an epidemiological investigation of cancer of the endometrium was carried out. The study included 159 cases and 159 controls. It was shown, that woman in the sixth life decade with overweight, a smaller number of deliveries and a later menopause had a higher risk for endometrial cancer. Other risk factors are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. But it is necessary to see the relationship between the typical age for these two characteristics and the typical age for endometrial cancer. The intake of estrogens without enough gestagens during an estrogen replacement therapy was associated with an increased risk. Furthermore the patients with carcinoma of the uterine corpus had a higher incidence of malignant tumors in their families and more breast cancer in their own case history. A history of oral contraceptive use appeared to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. In addition there is an negative association between smoking and endometrial cancer. Thus factors of high risk related to cancer of the endometrium could be defined. Preventive examinations of high risk groups could help to decrease the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of epidemiologic risk factors for endometrial carcinoma based on a case-control study]. 766 68

Overweight patients are common in veterinary medicine, just as they are in human medicine. Although animals also suffer from diseases in the general categories of cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and digestive diseases, many of the specific problems of obese humans do not afflict obese pets. Of tumors, only adenocarcinoma of the breast is a significant problem in dogs and cats. Moreover, a high intake of dietary fat and table food has been reported to be protective in adult dogs; in women, increasing dietary fat has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Two experimental studies in dogs notwithstanding, no published data have been provided suggesting that hypertension accompanies obesity in companion animals currently. Hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance has been reported in diabetic obese dogs as well as in humans. Whether or not weight reduction would correct these abnormalities has not been reported. In humans, central distribution of fat may be more pathological than a peripheral distribution, increasing morbidity due to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. The presence of differences in fat distribution have not been described in companion animals, even though they may influence the risk of obesity-related diseases in pets as well. No studies of investigation of the success of maintenance of the lost weight in client animals exist. Recently reported studies of obese women suggest that maintenance of lost weight may be better maintained with continuous care programs, and support the view that obesity should be treated like other chronic diseases, by providing ongoing care for the rest of the life of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of obesity--the clinical nutritionist's experience. 808 62

We studied the survival of breast cancer patients in relation to serum cholesterol level, serum beta-lipoprotein level (BLP) and being overweight among women having breast cancer diagnosed during a follow-up period of 20 years. A cohort of 46,570 women attended a general health screening including examination of serum lipid levels, height and weight during 1963-1965. Of these, 1170 women developing breast cancer; 196 were below the age of 50 and 974 were above 50 years of age. 66 of the younger women, and 341 of the older women were reported to have died of breast cancer. A correlation was found between high serum BLP and decreased survival of breast cancer patients < 50 years of age. For women > or = 60 years of age, BLP was positively correlated to breast cancer survival. No correlation was found between serum cholesterol level and breast cancer survival in any age group. Increasing obesity was statistically significantly correlated to decreased survival with breast cancer. The latter findings were in accordance with other studies which have shown being overweight as a risk factor for breast cancer. As for the relationships between ischaemic heart disease and serum lipid levels, in studies of cancer risks in relation to serum cholesterol level, the different fractions of cholesterol seem to be of importance.
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PMID:Serum beta-lipoprotein, serum cholesterol and Quetelet's index as predictors for survival of breast cancer patients. 828 Apr 97

The relationship between Quetelet's index and subsequent risk for cancer of endocrine target organs was studied in a cohort of 47,003 women, examined for height and weight in the years 1963-65, and followed up in the Swedish Cancer Register until 1987. High Quetelet's index was associated with a decreased risk for breast cancer among women less than 55 years of age at risk, while a high Quetelet's index predicted an increased risk among older women. Among women > or = 55 years of age, the excess relative risk for breast cancer associated with high Quetelet's index declined significantly during the follow-up period. Cancer of the ovaries and the uterine cervix were not significantly related to Quetelet's index in any age group. In women > or = 55 years of age, the relative risk for cancer of the uterine corpus associated to Quetelet's index was higher than that for breast cancer, and this association persisted during the entire follow-up period of more than 20 years. In spite of the fact that endometrial cancer is less common than breast cancer, because of the stronger relation between overweight and endometrial cancer, more endometrial cancer would be attributable to obesity than breast cancer.
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PMID:Relationship between Quetelet's index and cancer of breast and female genital tract in 47,000 women followed for 25 years. 829 35

Despite extensive research on obesity and breast cancer in recent decades, inconsistencies in the literature exist. The authors examined prospectively the relation between adult relative weight (weight (kg)/height (m)1.5) and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 54,896 women aged 31-89 years who had previously participated in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. During a mean follow-up period of 7 years, 226 of the premenopausal women and 1,198 of the postmenopausal women developed breast cancer. Analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression methods with age as the underlying time variable and adjusted for the effects of potential confounders. Among postmenopausal women, the risk of breast cancer increased with increasing relative weight (p < 0.05 for trend); relative risk for the highest compared with the lowest quintile for relative weight was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.6). This association was modified by age at diagnosis, with relative risks of 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.4), 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.7), and 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.5), respectively, for women aged < 60, 60-64, and > or = 65 years. The higher risk of breast cancer among the older and overweight women was largely confined to women whose weights were measured during the postmenopausal but not the premenopausal period. This risk pattern was observed among the naturally menopausal women, but was also apparent in the smaller group of women with bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy with one ovary retained. Among premenopausal women, adult relative weight was not associated with breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that the inconsistencies in the literature on obesity and breast cancer may be due in part to the differing age distributions of the populations studied. The authors conclude that prevention of obesity throughout adulthood, particularly after menopause, may help reduce breast cancer among older women.
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PMID:Prospective study of relative weight and risk of breast cancer: the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project follow-up study, 1979 to 1987-1989. 862 17


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