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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 253 cases of nipple discharge, 96 cases of them were diagnosed as intracanalicular papilloma(37.9%), 73 cases as cystic disease of breast(28.9%), 41 cases as mammary duct ectasia (16.2%), 35 cases as breast cancer(13.8%) and 8 cases as acute suppurative mastitis(3.2%). The masses beneath areolar region were smaller those outside areola. Finding of cancer cells or suspicious cancer cells through cytologic examination of nipple discharge smear and breast mass puncture usually had important significance. In addition, near infrared ray scanning shows high rate of correct diagnosis; estimation of carcinoembryonic autigen(CEA) in nipple discharge is beneficial to the early diagnosis of malignant diseases.
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PMID:[The diagnosis and treatment of nipple discharge in 253 cases]. 1068 69

Nipple discharge in breast cancer cases was examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH). DNA samples were extracted from both supernatant and cell pellet components of the discharge, and examined for LOH at microsatellite markers, D11S1818, D11S2000, D16S402, D16S504, D16S518, D17S520, and D17S786. At least one LOH was found in either the supernatant or cell pellet in seven out of 10 patients (70%). Five of seven samples, which were cytologically negative, were LOH positive, and only one case, which was cytologically positive, showed no LOH on the markers examined. All three samples, which were judged 'negative' by CEA measurement (<400 ng/ml), were LOH positive. This method could be a useful novel diagnostic modality for nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000 Mar
PMID:Detection of microsatellite alterations in nipple discharge accompanied by breast cancer. 1084 7

The retroprospective study of breast cancer in relation to benign breast lesions (BBL) involved an analysis of the breast cancer incidence in a cohort of women with a history of BBL. This cohort was formed on the basis of histological and cytological investigations performed during 1982-1991. A total of 10,776 cases with BBI were recorded, followed-up and analyzed. The total person-years of follow-up was 60,872. A total of 35 women with breast cancer were detected during the study. Cohort members with a BBL history were stratified into six subcohorts with respect to morphological and cytological patterns. Comparison of the observed breast cancer incidence with the expected breast cancer incidence calculated on the basis of the age-adjusted breast cancer incidence in the general population showed no significant rise in breast cancer incidence in the whole BBL cohort. The ratio of observed to expected incidence rates was 1.16. The analysis of subcohorts with diverse BBL patterns demonstrated a marked increase in breast cancer incidence only in the intraductal papilloma and cyst subcohorts. The ratios of observed and expected rates were 5.4 and 1.6, respectively. There was no significant difference from population levies of breast cancer risk in subcohorts with history of fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, breast nipple discharge and other lesions. Similar results were obtained in the prospective part of the study.
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PMID:Benign lesions and cancer of the breast. 1086 34

A 54-year-old-woman who underwent augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel implants 30 years previously, visited our hospital with complaints of bloody nipple discharge, redness and itching of her right breast. Cancer of the right breast was diagnosed by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA enhancement. Radical mastectomy was subsequently performed. The histopathological findings demonstrated scirrhous and inflammatory breast cancer with invasion of dermal lymphatics.
Breast Cancer 2000 Jan
PMID:A case of inflammatory breast cancer following augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel implants. 1102 74

The indications for a breast conserving operation in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast with clinical manifestations other than mammographically detected calcifications are controversial. A positive surgical margin has been suggested to be an improtant risk factor for local recurrence after a breast conserving operation. We attempted to clarify the frequency of positive surgical margins when performing breast conserving operations for DCIS, identify the risk factors for positive margins, and also to evaluate the short-term outcome. Between 1988 and 1992, 5571 breast cancer cases were surgically treated at the 7 institutions of the authors, of which 375 cases (6.7%) were histologically diagnosed as DCIS. The most frequent clinical manifestation was a tumor in 64% of the cases, followed by nipple discharge in 23% and calcification on mammography in 12%. Of these 375 cases, 242 cases were analyzed. Sixty-six cases had undergone a breast conserving operation. Axillary dissection was not performed in 29 cases. The median follow up period was 61.4 months. The initial surgical margin was positive in 29% of the cases. The most significant factor for a positive surgical margin was young age fllowed by large tumor size. There were four cases with local recurrence. Three recurrences developed in the same quadrant. All four cases remain alive after total mastectomy. There were no cases with distant metastasis or axillary recurrence. Breast cancerving operation for DCIS have shown satisfactory results to date, and when clear surgical margins can be obtained, this procedure, without axillary dissection, should be considered even for patients with clinical manifestations other than mammographically detected calcifications.
Breast Cancer 1998 Jun 30
PMID:The Current Status of the Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of Japanese Women, Especially Breast Conserving Operation in Relation to the Surgical Margin and Short Term Outcome. 1109 26

We report a rare case of phyllodes tumor of the breast in a juvenile patient with bloody nipple discharge. An 11-year-old girl had a chief complaint of a palpable 5 cm well-circumscribed tumor with nipple discharge in the left breast. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was benign phyllodes tumor showing extensive areas of hemorrhagic necrosis. The bloody nipple discharge was caused by spontaneous infarction of the tumor. Preoperative ultrasonography and galactography were helpful in evaluating the mechanism of nipple dicharge from the tumor. Although phyllodes tumor must be differentiated from fibroadenoma, the present case was histopathologically identical to phyllodes tumor.
Breast Cancer 1999 Jul 25
PMID:A Case of Phyllodes Tumor with Bloody Nipple Discharge in Juvenile Patient. 1109 17

Ductography of the breast is an underused procedure that often helps define the cause of unilateral, single-pore, spontaneous nipple discharge. Since nipple discharge may be caused by benign tumors, such as papillomas, or by carcinoma, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, identification of intraductal abnormalities with ductography is important. Further, diagnostic ductography and preoperative ductography help guide accurate surgical intervention. Without prior ductography, central duct excision may not result in removal of the abnormal ductal tissue or may result in removal of only a portion of the abnormal ductal system, causing the extent of disease to be effectively understaged. Once fundamental ductographic principles are learned, the procedure is easy to perform. If extravasation occurs, ductography is rescheduled for 7-14 days later. Elimination of air bubbles from the cannula, syringe, and extension tubing is vital. When reflux occurs, radiologists must be aware of a possible tumor in the distal-most duct. When ductal ectasia or fibrocystic changes are the cause of the discharge, conservative follow-up may be considered. Diagnostic radiologists who learn the technique of ductography and include it in their evaluation of nipple discharge will improve their interdisciplinary approach to this important sign of breast cancer.
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PMID:Ductography: how to and what if? 1115 49

Patients with discrete breast lumps, irrespective of age, should be referred for assessment. Premenopausal women with equivocal lumps can be re-checked two weeks later and, if still present or dubious, sent to a breast clinic. Almost all women with breast pain do not need referral unless the symptoms are severe or prolonged. Careful examination will detect those individuals with underlying rib cage pain who can be reassured and given analgesics, if necessary, but not referred. Blood-containing nipple discharge is an indication for referral but such cases can be reassured that, in the absence of a lump, it is unlikely they have breast cancer. Most women who suspect their family history of breast cancer places them at increased risk can be safely reassured and do not need to be kept under surveillance. All those women who are eligible for the NHS screening programme should be encouraged to attend when invited.
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PMID:Assessment of breast problems. 1159 55

We report a case of insulin-dependent diabetic fibrous mastopathy with special reference to the findings of computed tomography (CT). The patient was a 27-year-old woman with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus from childhood who presented with a right breast tumor. Physical examination showed a stony-hard, ill-defined but freely movable mass under the nipple of the right breast without nipple discharge. Mammography revealed a high-density mass shadow without microcalcifications or spicular formation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an irregularly-shaped hypoechoic lesion with marked posterior acoustical shadowing. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed poor early phase contrast enhancement and slight delayed phase heterogeneous enhancement. Since core needle biopsy revealed fibrocystic disease, the lesion was suspicious for diabetic mastopathy. Incisional biopsy of the right breast lump was performed. On histopathological examination, the lesion showed fibrosis with dense lymphocytic infiltration around the lobules. Diabetic fibrous mastopathy was diagnosed. Physicians should be aware of the association of long-standing diabetes mellitus with the development of fibrous mastopathy. CT is considered a useful tool to differentiate diabetic mastopathy from breast cancer.
Breast Cancer 2001
PMID:Diabetic mastopathy: a case report with reference to the findings of enhanced computed tomography. 1166 49

Nipple discharge is a complex diagnostic challenge for the clinician. A variety of diseases (such as intraductal papillomas, mammary duct ectasia, breast cancer, pituitary adenomas, breast abscesses/infections, etc.) can manifest as nipple discharge. The importance of nipple discharge for both the patient and the physician is the possible association of this condition with an underlying carcinoma. With heightened public awareness of breast cancer, an increasing number of women are asking their health care providers about nipple discharge. A detailed clinical evaluation is invaluable to determine the pathophysiology, assess the risk of malignancy, and plan treatment of the patient with nipple discharge. A combination of diagnostic tests, including mammography, breast ultrasonography, and possibly galactography can help the clinician to establish the diagnosis and plan proper management. Depending on the underlying breast pathology, a central or single lactiferous duct excision is the procedure of choice. Breast carcinoma associated with nipple discharge should be treated by either a modified radical mastectomy of breast-conservation therapy (i.e. duct-lobular segmentectomy with adequate, free margins [ideally>1cm], levels I and II axillary lymph node dissection, followed by breast irradiation).
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PMID:Nipple discharge: current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. 1187 63


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