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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1977 mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan; inspection, palpation and cytologic examination of any nipple discharge are part of the initial screening procedures. Among 149,681 subjects examined, 404 cancer cases and 63 papilloma cases were detected. The nipple discharges from 20,537 women were examined cytologically; of the 61 cancer cases, the smears were positive in 18 cases, suspicious in 7, negative with atypical findings in 12 and negative in 24. Ten of the cancer cases were detected exclusively by the cytologic examination of a nipple discharge. In eight of these ten cancer cases, there was no other initial evidence of the primary tumor. The cytologic diagnosis of discharges without blood from 28 cancer cases was positive or suspicious in 10 cases and negative in 18. Thirty-seven of the papilloma cases were initially detected only by the cytologic examination of a nipple discharge; neither physical examination nor mammography showed any abnormal findings.
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PMID:Nipple discharge cytology in mass screening for breast cancer. 232 48

Five cases of bloody nipple discharge during pregnancy without associated breast masses were seen over the past 3 years by the author. Because of the reported association of breast cancer with bloody nipple discharge, close follow-up of these women at monthly intervals during pregnancy and trimonthly during the postpartum period was carried out. In all instances, the discharge appeared late during the second trimester or during the third trimester of pregnancy. It was unilateral and spontaneous and arose from multiple ducts, and it was associated with an increase in breast size and always with the larger breast of the two. The discharge cytologic study done on all cases was negative for neoplastic cells and the discharges resolved spontaneously within 2 months of onset. Postpartum follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years has revealed no evidence of neoplastic changes thus far. Mammograms ordered before these patients were referred were not helpful due to the increase in density of the breast tissue secondary to the pregnancy. Because a few cases of breast cancer during pregnancy have presented solely with a bloody nipple discharge, I recommend extremely close follow-up of these women and no surgical intervention unless a mass is discovered or the nipple discharge cytology is either suspicious or positive at the initial visit or during follow-up.
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PMID:Bloody nipple discharge during pregnancy: a rationale for conservative treatment. 232 21

Six hundred sixty-nine breast biopsies performed at the Methodist Hospital of Southern California and the Arcadia Outpatient Surgery Center during 1987 and 1988 were reviewed. Three hundred twenty-eight biopsies were performed for clinical indications (lump, thickening, or nipple discharge). Three hundred forty-one biopsies (51%) were performed because of mammographic abnormalities and required preoperative x-ray localization. Of the 341 localized biopsy specimens, 261 were varieties of fibrocystic mastopathy, fibroadenoma, papilloma, or hyperplasia. An additional 31 cases showed atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia. One hundred fifty-one breast cancers were detected in this series of 669 breast biopsies. One hundred two (68%) of these were detected as a result of a clinical finding, and 49 were detected as a result of mammographic abnormalities (a 32% incidence of occult breast cancers). Among the 341 x-ray localization biopsies performed, breast cancer was detected in 14%.
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PMID:Breast cancer detection: experience in a suburban community. 236 May 71

Nipple discharge, a rare clinical sign, is more frequently determined by benign breast diseases, but it can be associated to breast cancer; for this reason such clinical sign shouldn't be ignored. Cytologic examination together with breast examination and thermography are the correct oncologic approach for nipple discharge, because such way it is possible to select the patients for whom mammography or galactography are recommended as well as and breast biopsy depending on the galactographic data.
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PMID:[Breast secretions]. 251 53

Seven cases of carcinoma of male breast were reported. The mean age of them was about 65 years, 17 years older than that of female breast cancer. Six tumors out of 7 were located under the areola. By histological examination, 4 of 7 cases were proved to be noninvasive ductal carcinoma, and the others are invasive ductal carcinoma (2 : scirrhous, 1 : solid-tubular). We focused on clinicopathological features of noninvasive carcinoma. There were two points to be mentioned. One is the nipple discharge as a chief complaint, and the other is cyst formation as a macroscopic observation. These features are characteristic to noninvasive carcinoma and contribute to diagnosis. Therefore, for screening the mass of male breast, ultrasonography (U.S.) is most useful. For preoperative final diagnosis, aspiration or smear cytology is essential. In regard to postoperative survival, all of the 3 invasive cases were dead but all of the 4 noninvasive cases are alive. So the prognosis of noninvasive carcinoma of male breast does not appear to be worse than the female one. These observations indicate that the prognosis of carcinoma of male breast can be improved by early diagnosis and appropriate surgical therapy.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of male breast--with special reference to noninvasive carcinoma]. 254 34

To assess the morbidity associated with false alarms of breast cancer, 2923 consecutive consultations for a breast disorder were reviewed. 391 women had breast cancer, which was found by accidental discovery in 57%, by breast self-examination in 15%, by routine physical examination in 24%, and by screening mammography in 4%. 20% of women in whom cancers were found by physician screening had had a previous breast cancer. The pathological stages of tumours found by accident were little different from those found by intervention. 87% (2532/2923) of signs/symptoms of breast cancer were false alarms--ie, 86% (565/659) of those found by routine physical examination, 88% (406/462) breast self-examination, 93% (220/237) screening mammography, and 86% (1341/1565) accidental discovery. Spontaneous breast pain was responsible for 575 false alarms and nipple discharge for 126. 534 (20%) of the false alarms could have been avoided if routine physical examinations before the age of 45, breast self-examination before the age of 35, and screening mammography before the age of 60 had been discouraged. Another 30% of false alarms would have been avoided if the patient had realised that breast pain and nipple discharge are not usually symptoms of breast cancer.
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PMID:False alarms of breast cancer. 196 61

We have previously reported carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement in nipple discharge to be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer. As an extension, a dot-immunobinding assay was developed to screen a large number of patients with nipple discharge for non-palpable breast cancer. The principle is as follows. CEA bound to a solid phase monoclonal anti-CEA antibody is detected by a second monoclonal anti-CEA antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The use of tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogen results in a stable color reaction that can be semiquantitively analyzed by the naked eye. The CEA levels determined by this dot assay correlated well with CEA levels determined using the former Elmotec assay. To determine whether or not the method could also be feasible in the detection of non-palpable breast cancer, a collaborative study from 12 Japanese institutes was organized. The CEA levels in nipple discharges from 155 patients were assayed. Thirteen of 30 patients with palpable breast cancer and 22 of 30 patients with non-palpable breast cancer exhibited CEA values higher than 400 ng/ml, a cut-off value determined using 89 benign controls. The specificity (91%) and sensitivity (73%) of this test were higher than those of mammography or cytology. The incidence of elevated CEA levels in nipple discharge correlated significantly with the incidence of intratumoral antigen expression. Thus, the system could prove useful in screening for early breast cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of dot-immunobinding assay for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in nipple discharge as an adjunct in the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Research Group for Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Nipple Discharge. 269 32

A follow-up study of 105 patients with microdochectomy for nipple discharge during the ten year period from 1965 to 1974 revealed that cancer developed in seven of the cases. The histology of the seven cases consisted of atypical hyperplasia in the terminal duct or lobular neoplasia. Accordingly, patients with either of the above histological findings were regarded as high risks for the development of breast cancer. Twenty such high risk patients were selected from 1850 patients biopsied for benign breast disease during the eleven year period from 1975 to 1985. This follow-up study revealed that five of the 13 patients (38%) with atypical hyperplasia in the terminal duct and two of the seven patients (28%) with lobular neoplasia developed breast cancer. Microphotocytometry using TV image analyzed system showed that the mean +/- standard deviation of the nuclear area and the absorbance were, respectively, 46.79 +/- 2.84 and 0.42 +/- 0.01 in fibroadenoma, 62.93 +/- 12.15 and 0.32 +/- 0.02 in precancerous lesion and 86.16 +/- 14.38 and 0.44 +/- 0.07 in breast cancer.
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PMID:[Follow-up study of precancerous lesions of the breast]. 273 58

The cytologic findings in a nipple discharge from a male patient with breast cancer are described. Malignant epithelial cells and cell clusters believed to be derived from ductal carcinoma were observed. The subsequent mastectomy specimen contained a ductal carcinoma with minute foci of stromal invasion.
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of male breast cancer with nipple discharge. A case report. 300 78

Four men with primary breast cancer were seen between 1972 and 1985 at the Sasebo Municipal Hospital. They were admitted complaining of breast mass and/or bloody nipple discharge. There was no delay between the onset of symptoms and seeking medical advice. They had relatively early stages of disease (three patients had stage I and one had stage II). All patients were treated by modified radical or radical mastectomy. Histopathological study revealed ductal carcinomas and no lymph node metastasis in all patients. Multiple bone metastasis and death occurred in one case. One patient (61 years old) had two separate synchronous primary cancers of the breast and stomach, which is very uncommon.
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PMID:[Four cases of male breast cancer including one synchronously combined with gastric cancer]. 302 25


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