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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maximizing the uptake of mammography among the eligible population will be critical to the success of the national breast cancer screening programme. Although compliance may vary for different reasons from area to area, it has been suggested that making screening clinics more accessible may be an effective means of enhancing uptake. In the present study we undertook 600 interviews with women who had been invited for mammography to determine the main reasons given by women in Northern Ireland for not attending for mammography when invited, how these may have related to access factors and to discover their views on how the service might be improved. The most frequently cited reasons for non-attendance were related to feelings of indifference or ignorance of screening issues and to fear of pain or embarrassment. Although more non-attenders did not have access to private transport, few women (23/600) expressed a preference for more accessible clinics. The fact that non-attenders were more likely not to have had a recent cervical smear, adds weight to the notion that attitudes rather than access played the predominant role in influencing uptake in this sample. We have concluded that investment in flexible mobile screening units cannot replace the continued need for delivering effective advocacy to eligible women.
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PMID:Attitude or access: reasons for not attending mammography in Northern Ireland. 146 80

An anonymous poll was conducted among Novi Sad women (957 employed and 1000 unemployed) in order to investigate the attitude of women towards breast cancer (BC). Preliminary research established the fact that the majority of women did not have their breasts examined in the last 3 years (64% employed and 60.7% unemployed). The consideration of the possibility of becoming affected by BC is rare or doesn't exist at all in 86.3% of women, therefore the very important emotional stimulus is absent. The general knowledge about BC is insufficient and 1395 women (69.4%) have no knowledge about the methods of breast examination or are very poorly informed, and that also regards the method of breast self-examination which is regularly used by only 9.9% of employed, and 13.3% of unemployed women. A part of the polled women does not want to see a physician out of various reasons: ignorance, indifference, cancerophobia or distrust of used methods, but a portion of the women wants to be examined but cannot make this happen because of the small number of institutions in which such examinations are conducted. Seeing a physician for breast examination is usually provoked by personal motivation, and the influence of the press, radio and TV is very small (1.7% with the employed and 3.1% with the unemployed), as well as the advise of girlfriends or the presence of BC in the family. Under all of these circumstances about 50% of the women are ready to pay all costs of breast examination regardless of the existing health insurance, and the rest of them do not accept this because of various reasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Attitude of an urban female population to detection of breast carcinoma]. 180 87

In emigrants from less to more developed countries, consequent changes in environmental factors are associated, inter alia, with changes in occurrences of the chronic diseases of lifestyle. In South Africa, most immigrants from India arrived in the early 1900s. To learn of the current pattern of cancer in the descendants of these people, enquiries were made on several series of patients admitted to RK Khan Hospital in Durban. The results were then compared with those of patients admitted to Ambojogai Hospital, North West India, the ancestral home of the majority of South African Indians. The most prominent differences were the lower percentages in South African Indians in respect of cancers of the mouth/pharynx in both sexes and of cervical cancer, and their considerably higher percentages, principally in the cases of stomach cancer in both sexes, of prostate cancer in males and of breast cancer in females. Discussion of risk factors indicates that in such populations there could be some control over the rises in some cancers, and on reductions in others. However, endeavours at prevention are hindered not only by the lack of knowledge prevailing, but also by their general indifference; likewise, this is the case with western populations.
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PMID:Pattern of cancer in Indian patients hospitalized in Durban, South Africa. 1044 54

The importance of mass screening for female carcinoma is documented once again, and the results of such a program within a small, closed island population are presented and discussed. A 63.4 per cent participation among 369 eligible females resulted in findings of a 3.0 per cent prevalence of uterine cancer--5 persons with cervical, 4 intraepithelial and 1 invasive, and 2 with endometrial carcinoma. No evidence of ovarian or breast cancer was produced. One interesting observation was that of 2 women with cervical carcinoma in situ who had been married to the same man. The failure of the participants to return at regular intervals on a personal basis for repeat cancer examinations (68 per cent) suggests the ineffectiveness of such as a program to stimulate a sustained awareness of the danger of female carcinoma. Indifference rather than poverty probably accounts for this lack of concern.
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PMID:Cancer of the cervix. A community approach. 1792 71

To review the present status of breast cancer (BC) screening/early detection in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for articles was undertaken in PubMed, Google Scholar and Google, and using a snowball technique, further articles were obtained from the reference list of initial search results. In addition, a query was put up on ResearchGate to obtain more references and find out the general opinion of experts on the topic. Experts were also personally contacted for their opinion. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in the world. The rise in incidence is highest in LMICs where the incidence has often been much lower than high-income countries. In spite of more women dying of cancer than pregnancy or childbirth related causes in LMICs, most of the focus and resources are devoted to maternal health. Also, the majority of women in LMICs present at late stages to a hospital to initiate treatment. A number of trials have been conducted in various LMICs regarding the use of clinical breast examination and mammography in various combinations to understand the best ways of implementing a population level screening/early detection of BC; nevertheless, more research in this area is badly needed for different LMIC specific contexts. Notably, very few LMICs have national level programs for BC prevention via screening/early detection and even stage reduction is not on the public health agenda. This is in addition to other barriers such as lack of awareness among women regarding BC and the presence of stigma, inappropriate attitudes and lack of following proper screening behavior, such as conducting breast self-examinations. The above is mixed with the apathy and lack of awareness of policy makers regarding the fact that BC prevention is much more cost-effective and humane than BC treatment. Implementation of population level programs for screening/early detection of BC, along with use of ways to improve awareness of women regarding BC, can prove critical in stemming the increasing burden of BC in LMICs. Use of newer modalities such as ultrasonography which is more suited to LMIC populations and use of mHealth for awareness creation and increasing screening compliance are much needed extra additions to the overall agenda of LMICs in preventing BC.
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PMID:Preventing breast cancer in LMICs via screening and/or early detection: The real and the surreal. 2511 64

Breast cancer is molecularly heterogeneous and categorized into four molecular subtypes: Luminal-A, Luminal-B, HER2-amplified and Triple-negative. In this study, we aimed to apply an ensemble decision approach to identify the ultrasound and clinical features related to the molecular subtypes. We collected ultrasound and clinical features from 1,000 breast cancer patients and performed immunohistochemistry on these samples. We used the ensemble decision approach to select unique features and to construct decision models. The decision model for Luminal-A subtype was constructed based on the presence of an echogenic halo and post-acoustic shadowing or indifference. The decision model for Luminal-B subtype was constructed based on the absence of an echogenic halo and vascularity. The decision model for HER2-amplified subtype was constructed based on the presence of post-acoustic enhancement, calcification, vascularity and advanced age. The model for Triple-negative subtype followed two rules. One was based on irregular shape, lobulate margin contour, the absence of calcification and hypovascularity, whereas the other was based on oval shape, hypovascularity and micro-lobulate margin contour. The accuracies of the models were 83.8%, 77.4%, 87.9% and 92.7%, respectively. We identified specific features of each molecular subtype and expanded the scope of ultrasound for making diagnoses using these decision models.
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PMID:Identifying ultrasound and clinical features of breast cancer molecular subtypes by ensemble decision. 2604 91

Breast cancer survival rates in lower-income countries like Bangladesh are approximately 50%, versus over 80% in high income countries. Anecdotal reports suggest that, beyond economic and health system barriers, sociocultural factors may influence a woman's care-seeking behavior and resultant early stage diagnoses. To understand these barriers, we conducted 63 interviews (43 women with breast cancer symptoms and 20 men) in Khulna, Bangladesh. We identified socio-cultural barriers like neglect and indifference toward women, women's lack of power to use resources, and reduced support from family due to stigma. Interventions must address these barriers and improve the status of women in Bangladesh.
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PMID:Barriers to care for women with breast cancer symptoms in rural Bangladesh. 2950 92

Delays in diagnosis due to low Breast Cancer awareness are widespread in Brazil maybe owing to ineffective strategies to raise attention on early diagnosis. As a proxy of collective interest in BC screanning (BCS) we studied the monthly accesses to BC and BCS webpages in INCA's website along 48 months. A log analyzer built a time serie (2006-2009) of BC and BCS monthly means, which oscilations were studied by analysis of variance (ANOVA). We found significant increasing accesses to BC and transient "attention peaks". Enlargement in BC/BCS differences along all period were caused by increasing accesses to BC and decreasing/minor/stable oscillations to SBC pages. These results are consistent with previous reports on increasing interest to BC contrasting with indifference on BCS. In the context of an exploratory study, we discussed some aspects: weakness of a "prevention culture"; lack of confidence in health system and screening programs; "celebrity effect" in the context of media framing; collective perception of risks heightened by perception of social vulnerability. Findings suggest that culture-tailored communication strategies would be necessary to inform Brazilian people about BCS. Future research is needed to study social perceptions and constructions on BC topics.
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PMID:Evolution of accesses to information on breast cancer and screening on the Brazilian National Cancer Institute website: an exploratory study. 2969 75

In traditional medical school curriculum of cancer education in China, there is a very limited amount of teaching about breast cancer. The current situation may result in indifference to breast cancer education among medical students. Case-based learning (CBL) is a popular teaching method based on clinical cases. To date, there are few research reports about the application and research of CBL in breast cancer education. The aim of this study is to explore the teaching effect about CBL combined with lecture-based learning (LBL) in breast cancer education. Questions of breast cancer in National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. The questions about breast cancer were used as the evaluation criteria for this study. In this pilot study, a total of 140 students were randomly divided into a lecture only group (control group) and a lecture plus CBL group (observation group). The students in the observation group had better academic performances and abilities of memory, understanding, and application. They also had higher favorable impressions of the learning experience. In conclusion, more active approaches yield more learning and are viewed more favorably. CBL plus lecture can significantly improve education about breast cancer among medical students, which may be an important message for the evolution of curriculum in Chinese medical schools.
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PMID:Improving Education About Breast Cancer for Medical Students in China. 3107 93