Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The success of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell rescue as treatment for breast and ovarian cancer is limited by a high incidence of relapse. After autologous transplantation, patients are likely to have a low tumor burden and thus would be more likely to respond immunologically to a cancer vaccine. Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a carbohydrate associated with the MUC1 mucin on breast and ovarian cancer and is an ideal candidate for vaccine immunotherapy. Sialyl-Tn-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (STn-KLH) vaccine (Theratope) incorporates a synthetic STn antigen that mimics the unique tumor-associated STn carbohydrate and is designed to stimulate tumor antigen-specific immune responses in patients with mucin-expressing tumors. Between 1995 and 2000, 70 patients (16 with stage II/III breast cancer, 17 with stage III/IV ovarian cancer, and 37 with stage IV breast cancer) were treated with 2 different formulations of STn-KLH. Toxicity, outcome, and immune response data are reported. STn-KLH was well-tolerated with minimal toxicity. The most common side effects were indurations and erythema at the sites of injections. Humoral and cellular responses were elicited in the majority of patients. Overall, these data indicate that post-autologous transplant patients are able to mount an effective immune response to vaccine immunotherapy with minimal side effects, and that vaccine immunotherapy may be a useful addition to high-dose chemotherapy regimens.
Clin Breast Cancer 2003 Feb
PMID:The role of cancer vaccines following autologous stem cell rescue in breast and ovarian cancer patients: experience with the STn-KLH vaccine (Theratope). 1262 Jan 52

IBC is a rare clinical occurrence. Signs and symptoms include erythema and edema of the skin. Diagnosis is made by skin biopsy. Treatment for this aggressive form of breast cancer is multimodal, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Advances in treatment continue to improve prognosis for this disease (Esteva & Hortobagyi, 1999).
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PMID:Inflammatory breast cancer. 1269 Jun 20

The Wilms tumor gene, WT1, is overexpressed not only in leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) but also in various types of solid tumors, including lung and breast cancer, and the WT1 protein is a tumor antigen for these malignancies. In clinical trials of WT1 peptide-based cancer immunotherapy, patients with overt leukemia from MDS or MDS with myelofibrosis were injected intradermally with 0.3 mg of an HLA-A*2402-restricted, 9-mer WT1 peptide emulsified with Montanide ISA51 adjuvant. Only a single dose of WT1 vaccination resulted in an increase in WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which was followed by a rapid reduction in leukemic blast cells. Severe leukopenia and local erythema at the injection sites of WT1 peptide were observed as adverse effects. These results have provided us with the first clinical evidence suggesting that WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy is an attractive treatment for patients with leukemias or MDS.
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PMID:Wilms tumor gene peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with overt leukemia from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or MDS with myelofibrosis. 1289 52

This paper reports nine cases of breast cellulitis in women patients (four cases in pregnancy, four postmenopausal cases following hormone replacement therapy and one case of unilateral breast oedema following a mediastinal lymphoma). Biopsies were obtained from the erythematous area in one pregnant patient, one postmenopausal patient and the patient with breast oedema associated with the mediastinal lymphoma. Histology revealed unspecific dermatitis with extensive perivascular lymphoplasmocellular infiltrates. Histopathological examination of biopsies obtained from the underlying mammary tissue along with the corresponding mammographic data gave no evidence of mastitis or mammary carcinoma. The patients complained of sensitivity to touch, a feeling of local tightness or a burning sensation. These findings were reported in both breasts in the pregnant patients, but were unilateral in the others. The submammary fold was unremarkable, that is, no intertrigo was detected. The aetiology of the erthyema is probably associated with swelling of the breast tissue and a causal link with a specific endocrine constellation (pregnancy, postmenopausal HRT) can be postulated. A common factor in all cases presented here is the relatively long period of 4 to 13 weeks before healing of the lesion. Therapeutic intervention with antibiotics or dopamine agonists failed to influence the course. Similarly, steroid cream appeared to be of no value in these cases. Extensive erythema of the breast skin is a benign disease, for which there is still no known effective therapy. The lack of mammographic evidence and, especially, of positive palpatory findings make breast cancer highly improbable as the underlying cause.
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PMID:Isolated erythema (cellulitis) of the breast. 1496 14

The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors, including lung and breast cancer and WT1 protein is a tumor antigen for these malignancies. In phase I clinical trials of WT1 peptide-based cancer immunotherapy, two patients with advanced lung cancer were intradermally injected with 0.3 mg of an HLA-A*2402-restricted, 9-mer WT1 peptide emulsified with Montanide ISA51 adjuvant. Consecutive WT1 vaccination at 2-week intervals resulted in a reduction in tumor markers such as chorio-embryonic antigen (CEA) and sialyl Lewis (x) (SLX) and by a transient decrease in tumor size. No adverse effects except for local erythema at the injection sites of WT1 vaccine were observed. These results provided us with the first clinical evidence demonstrating that WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy should be a promising treatment for patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with lung cancer: report of two cases. 1503 30

A retrospective review of the treatment of 15 breast cancer patients who received postoperative radiotherapy after a mastectomy and transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction was undertaken to determine the effects of postoperative irradiation on flap viability and cosmesis. Fourteen patients had pedicle TRAM flaps, and one patient had a free TRAM flap. Surgical complications, acute and chronic side effects of radiotherapy, and cosmetic outcome were evaluated. The median interval between the TRAM flap procedure and radiotherapy was 7 months. The median total radiation dose was 60 Gy. All patients underwent three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning to determine the optimal dose distribution. Mild erythema developed in 9 patients (60%), moderate erythema developed in 2 (13%), and severe erythema developed in 1 (7%). Dry desquamation developed in 6 patients (40%), whereas moist desquamation developed in none. At median follow-up of 26.4 months, only 2 (13%) of the 15 patients had fat necrosis within the TRAM flap that was not present before radiotherapy. Fourteen patients (93%) retained their flap, and 13 patients (87%) rated their cosmetic outcome as "good" to "excellent." We conclude that TRAM flaps can be irradiated with few complications and acceptable cosmetic results.
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PMID:Acute and chronic results of adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy and Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction for breast cancer. 1528 33

Nodular mucinosis is an extremely rare breast lesion. This benign mass usually presents clinically as a poorly circumscribed, subareolar, myxoid mass in young female patients. We report a case of this rare breast lesion and discuss its clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features. A 21-year-old white woman presented with a mass in the left breast of 6 months' duration. She had never been pregnant or had any history of breast feeding, surgery, trauma, or use of exogenous hormones or a family history of breast cancer. Clinical breast examination demonstrated a 1 cm "rubbery" mass directly under and continuous with the left nipple. The skin that covered the mass had an edematous and irregular appearance without erythema or drainage from the nipple. Ultrasonography demonstrated a 1-cm, nonintraductal, circumscribed, homogeneous, isoechoic mass that was continuous or part of the base of the left nipple. The mass was smooth, with a thin echogenic rim. Doppler flow showed some vascularity. These findings suggested a benign breast lesion, including a fibroadenoma or nipple adenoma. Despite reassurance, the patient desired excision of the lesion. Gross examination revealed a nodular, rubbery-firm, ovoid, pink, polypoid mass that measured 1.5 x 0.9 x 0.8 cm. Microscopic examination showed a well-circumscribed tumor with a nodular appearance, which consisted of an accumulation of pink myxoid tissue and contained spindle cells with bland-appearing nuclei, no mitosis, and mild cellularity. The pink myxoid tissue was stained with Hale colloidal iron and Alcian blue. The Alcian blue stain was removed by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. The spindle cells stained with vimentin and smooth muscle actin; however, they did not express smooth muscle myosin or cytokeratin. This report presents and discusses the pathologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical findings of this rare entity.
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PMID:Nodular mucinosis of the breast: a case report with pathologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical findings and review of the literature. 1573 51

A 40-year-old Chinese-American woman with breast carcinoma metastatic to her lungs presented with a 3-month history of erosions on her inner thighs (Figure 1) and medial left shoulder. Faint livedo reticularis was evident on her legs as well. She had difficulty in walking and raising her shoulders. Her cutaneous examination was also notable for cuticular erythema (Figure 2) and mild periorbital erythema and edema. She had no systemic or rheumatologic complaints other than some difficulty in swallowing. Her blood chemistry values were notable for a creatinine kinase of 564 IU/L (5-200 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase 161 U/L (0-40 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase 93 U/L (0-40 U/L), and an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:2560. Other blood chemistries and antibody serologies (anti-Jo-1, anti-Mi-2 and other anti-tRNA synthetase, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-U1RNP, anti-PM/Scl, and anti-Ku) were within normal limits. A biopsy specimen was obtained from an area of intact skin close to a right thigh ulceration that showed subtle vacuolar alteration at the dermo-epidermal junction with occasional necrotic keratinocyte (Figure 3). Melanophages and telangiectases were present. Within the subcutis there was fibrin deposition and neutrophils. A diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made. The patient received oral prednisone 20 mg three times a day, and her ulcerations resolved. Her creatinine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase values returned to normal over the course of 3 weeks, but her antinuclear antibody was unchanged. Radiographic studies concurrently noted that her breast cancer had recurred in her lungs; plans were made to treat her with chemotherapy. The patient was lost to close follow-up, but it was learned that her erosions had reoccurred while her prednisone was tapered and resolved when her dosage of prednisone was increased.
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PMID:Ulcerative paraneoplastic dermatomyositis secondary to metastatic breast cancer. 1660 44

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with unknown etiology and generally poor outcome. It is characterized by diffuse edema (peau d'orange) and redness (erythema), although either the disease itself or case definitions have varied over time and place, confounding temporal trends and geographic variations. In this review, we discuss case definitions for IBC and its clinical characteristics; describe its geographic variation, age and racial distribution, incidence and survival patterns, and summarize the very limited information on its epidemiologic risk factors. We also incorporate emerging data from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.
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PMID:Epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). 1673 83

This study was designed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of MAS065D (Xclair) compared to a vehicle control in the management of radiation dermatitis in patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer. Twenty patients were randomized blindly to use the two study substances, three times daily, on separate sections of irradiated skin throughout the duration of radiotherapy and for two weeks afterwards. Patients were monitored before therapy, weekly during therapy, and for 2 weeks after radiotherapy was completed. Skin appearance according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) toxicity criteria, erythema rating, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, patients' view of itch, pain, acceptance, and view of each cream and adverse events, were monitored; at the final visit patients and investigators expressed their preference for one of the creams. MAS065D showed statistically significant superiority in the outcomes of NCI grading for radiation dermatitis and erythema. Patients' and investigators' preferences for one of the study substances were statistically in favor of MAS065D. Very few patients recorded nonzero itch and pain scales, so no significant differences emerged between the two groups. It was concluded that MAS065D can provide an effective option for managing radiation dermatitis although further studies are needed to assess its effect on pain and itch.
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PMID:A double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of MAS065D (XClair), a hyaluronic acid-based formulation, in the management of radiation-induced dermatitis. 1698 Feb 42


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