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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparison of the normal tissue reactions to daily and once-a-week fractionation was performed on postoperatively irradiated bilateral parasternal fields in patients with breast cancer. Both schedules resulted in identical acute skin erythema and pigmentation. However, the development of telangiectasia was significantly more pronounced after once-a-week fractionation. These findings imply that the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE) formula has to be modified. The slope of the iso-effect dose versus number of fractions was 0.24 for acute skin reactions and estimated to be about 0.34 for late skin reactions at a dose level equivalent to 46 Gy in 2 Gy fractions with conventional fractionation. The beta/alpha ratio was 0.12 Gy-1 for acute and about 0.31 Gy-1 for late effects, for 200 kV X rays.
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PMID:The influence of fraction size in radiotherapy on the late normal tissue reaction--I: Comparison of the effects of daily and once-a-week fractionation on human skin. 673 50

Edema and erythema of the right eyelid were the first clinical symptoms of widely metastatic carcinoma in a 61-year-old female. At the time of biopsy of the eyelid there were no other clinical manifestations of the disease. The case history points out a rare manifestation and emphasizes the many faces of breast cancer.
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PMID:Metastases to eyelids: breast. 735 18

Two patients with unusual cutaneous metastases from internal cancer are presented herein. In a patient with breast cancer, cutaneous metastases developed which appeared as erythema annulare centrifugum. A patient with prostatic cancer had cutaneous metastases which mimicked pyodermas. The importance of skin biopsy as a diagnostic tool is emphasized.
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PMID:Cutaneous Metastases simulating other dermatoses. 742 31

Accelerated radiotherapy has the potential to increase local control of rapidly growing tumours. To determine the necessary time interval for complete repair of sublethal damage in normal tissue in a clinical situation, we have compared the acute and late skin reactions with 8 and 24 h between fractions, using the same dose per fraction and total dose. Forty-nine breast cancer patients participated in this study, and received bilateral parasternal irradiation to 50 Gy with 2 Gy per fraction as part of their adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. The time interval between daily fractions was always 8 h on the left field and 24 h on the right, and the total treatment time was 2.5 and 5 weeks, respectively. The acute endpoint was erythema, measured by reflectance spectrophotometry and an acute reaction score for erythema and desquamation. The late endpoint was telangiectasia, scored on an arbitrary scale. The results have also been compared with those in a previously treated group of patients with 4 and 24 h between fractions. The degree of acute reactions was decreased with an 8-h interval compared with 24 h between fractions with the peak acute score as endpoint; no difference was seen with the peak reflectance measurements. The maximal expression occurs approximately 1 week earlier with the accelerated schedule, possibly as a consequence of the reduction of the treatment time. The pattern of the acute reaction for 8 h between fractions is similar to that for 4 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does the interval between fractions matter in the range of 4-8 h in radiotherapy? A study of acute and late human skin reactions. 763 Oct 23

Changes in the epidermal basal cell density (BCD) in human skin were determined during and immediately after fractionate radiotherapy. The basal cells are one of the target cell types responsible for acute skin reactions and measuring the BCD is a histological method for studying the time course and degree of reaction. Thirty-two patients with breast cancer participated in this study. They received postmastectomy radiotherapy to the thoracic wall. A 3-mm punch biopsy was taken from the irradiation field once a week for 6-10 weeks and the linear basal cell density was determined. Standard fractionation at two different dose levels (40 and 50 Gy) as well as hypofractionation and accelerated treatment have been investigated. For the first 3 weeks we found a constant decline in the BCD (about 0.8%/day), independent of dose and fractionation schedule. Using the nadir value as endpoint we found a dose-response relationship between 40 and 50 Gy, and for total effect (TE)-values in the range 430-1015. Compared to standard fractionation, hypofractionation showed somewhat less effect and accelerated fractionation showed significantly less effect. The reduced effect of accelerated fractionation is interpreted as a result of lack of cell cycle redistribution of cells between the two daily fractions in this type of tissue. The removal rate of dead or doomed cells could also affect the results for schedules with different overall time. The results of BCD were also compared to erythema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Basal cell density in human skin for various fractionation schedules in radiotherapy. 770 54

There is a need for a simple, rapid assay for predicting normal tissue reactions in radiotherapy patients to reduce morbidity in sensitive patients and to allow dose escalation in resistant cases. Towards this goal we have investigated the gamma-ray sensitivity of lymphocytes from 16 breast cancer patients who had shown an exaggerated acute or late radiation reaction ('overreaction') of normal tissues after radiotherapy, using chromosome damage (dicentrics) as the endpoint because of its close relationship with cell killing. The use of a low dose-rate (LDR; 0.31 cGy min-1) was found to be better than a high dose-rate (170 cGy min-1) in discriminating between over-reactors and controls, as predicted (and here confirmed) from previous studies on ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) homozygotes and heterozygotes. Five of seven patients with excessive early skin reactions (e.g. erythema, moist desquamation) showed abnormal radiosensitivity, manifested either as aberration yields above the control range after LDR exposure or as less sparing than controls. The average LDR yield for early over-reactions was significantly higher than for controls (p = 0.009) and average sparing was less (p = 0.0002). Two of 10 patients with late complications (fibrosis, telangiectasia) had LDR yields above the control range, but the average yield for late over-reactors was not significantly above that of controls. Unexpectedly, two patients (one early, one late reaction) had LDR aberration yields below the control range. Quantitatively our results are consistent with the notion that over-reacting breast cancer patients are carriers of the A-T gene. Pilot studies on controls showed that the sparing effect of LDR irradiation was increased by lowering the dose-rate to 0.13 cGy min-1 and by using micronuclei rather than metaphase damage as the endpoint. These modifications to the protocol will be used in a large-scale prospective study.
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PMID:Abnormal radiosensitivity of lymphocytes from breast cancer patients with excessive normal tissue damage after radiotherapy: chromosome aberrations after low dose-rate irradiation. 777 27

Fibroblasts from breast cancer patients were obtained as outgrowths in vitro from punch biopsies and their radiosensitivity tested in early passages. Skin erythema reactions in the same patients were also measured, as degree of redness using reflectance spectrophotometry. Measurements were taken before and during a 4-week radiotherapy treatment with electrons to the thoracic wall. Of 59 biopsies studied, radiosensitivity and erythema were concurrently studied in 32. In 24, evaluable data from both clinic and laboratory were obtained. A population growth assay in 96-well plates, using absorption of sulphur rhodamine B as the stain for cell numbers, showed good agreement with the colony-formation assay. Plating efficiencies and growth rates in the colony assay were higher using human serum in place of foetal calf serum. Cell survival curves with human serum were mostly exponential with little shoulder. The parameters of survival at 2 Gy (SF2) and the dose required to give 10% survival (D10) were used in the correlations with clinical data; these were 0.25 +/- 0.09 and 3.03 +/- 0.50 Gy, respectively. There was a strong correlation between these two survival curve parameters (r = 0.98). Skin redness was found to linearly increase with time during radiotherapy. The slope of the increase differed markedly from patient to patient, with a range of a factor approx. 10. No correlation was found between SF2 and erythema response in the 24 evaluable patients (r = 0.13, p > 0.5). A similar lack of correlation was found using D10 as the radiosensitivity parameter (r = 0.12, p > 0.5). These data indicate that fibroblast radiosensitivity measured in vitro cannot be used to predict erythema reactions to radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Lack of correlation of human fibroblast radiosensitivity in vitro with early skin reactions in patients undergoing radiotherapy. 790 1

Acute skin reactions, such as erythema and moist desquamation, constitute major problems during radiotherapy of superficially located tumours. There are no drugs available for the skin care. Sucralfate, a widely used anti-ulcer drug, has anti-inflammatory properties, and it activates cell proliferation. Based on these data and our previous experience of sucralfate cream on the aging skin we performed a double-blind randomized study to compare the efficacy of sucralfate cream to a base cream in 50 breast cancer patients receiving postoperative electron beam therapy to their chest wall. The acute radiation reaction of the skin was statistically significantly prevented by the sucralfate cream. The recovery of the skin was also significantly faster in the sucralfate cream group. Side-effects due to the cream were rare.
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PMID:Skin protection by sucralfate cream during electron beam therapy. 820 77

The appearance of breast edema in the conservative approach of breast cancer is correlated with axillary dissection, and it is worsened by radiotherapy. In rare cases there are serious edema and erythema of the breast at the beginning of radiotherapy. We present a patient with edema and erythema of the breast with an unusual evolution after conservative surgical treatment of the breast cancer. Possible etiologies and published data are reviewed.
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PMID:Unusual breast edema and erythema during radiotherapy in the conservative approach of breast cancer. A case report. 824 83

Fourteen patients with stage II-IV breast cancer were enrolled in a phase II study of cyclophosphamide followed by PIXY321 as a means of mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). All 14 women tolerated PIXY321 well, with the predominant toxicities being erythema at the injection site, fever, and arthralgias. A median of two aphereses yielded a mean of 1.3 x 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg, 8.9 x 10(4) colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM)/kg, and 4.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. All 14 patients underwent high-dose chemotherapy with PBPC support, the median day to ANC >500 cells/microliter was 10.6, and the median day to platelets >20,000 cells/microliter was 13. The day of 90th percentile platelet recovery was 15. When compared to PBPCs mobilized by cyclophosphamide followed by GM-CSF, the use of PIXY321 may confer an advantage of enhanced platelet recovery.
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PMID:A phase II study of cyclophosphamide followed by PIXY321 as a means of mobilizing peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. 864 33


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