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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preliminary information has suggested that megestrol acetate leads to appetite stimulation and nonfluid weight gain in patients with breast cancer, other cancers, and AIDS. Pursuant to this, we developed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of megestrol acetate in patients with cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. We randomly assigned 133 eligible patients to receive 800 mg of megestrol acetate per day or a placebo. Patients assigned to megestrol acetate more frequently reported improved appetite (P = .003) and food intake (P = .009) when compared with patients receiving the placebo. A weight gain of 15 lb or more over baseline was seen in 11 of 67 (16%) patients receiving megestrol acetate compared with one of 66 (2%) given the placebo (P = .003). Patients receiving megestrol acetate reported significantly less nausea (13% vs. 38%; P = .001) and emesis (8% vs. 25%, P = .009). No clinically or statistically significant toxic reactions were ascribed to megestrol acetate, with the exception of mild edema. This study convincingly demonstrated that megestrol acetate can stimulate appetite and food intake in patients with anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer, leading to significant weight gain in a proportion of such patients.
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PMID:Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia. 199 53

We performed phase I study of FK 435, a new antiestrogen, in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer. Slight to moderate adverse reactions were noted as follows. Single-dose study: anorexia, nausea, lassitude in one patient (80 mg), decreased serum calcium in one (160 mg), redness, tenderness in one, facial flushing, hot flushes, headache in one (320 mg). Repeated-dose study: anorexia, nausea in one patient (40 mg/day), anorexia, diarrhea, increased FSH in one, increased PRL in one (80 mg/day). FK 435 was well tolerated. Tmax was 3-5 hours, T1/2 about 25 hours. Most of FK 435 was excreted into urine as glucuronide.
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PMID:[Phase I study of FK 435]. 219 79

The extreme anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer and other disease states often have important physical and psychologic impact on both patients and their families. Weight gain resulting from megestrol acetate therapy in breast cancer patients suggests that progestins may be useful for alleviation of disease-associated appetite and weight loss. Early breast cancer experience, as well as preliminary data from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and wasting, is therefore reviewed. Although the precise mechanism by which megestrol acetate exerts its effect remains unclear, weight gain was observed in 75% of patients in the high-dose study and in nearly all of those who remained on therapy for 6 weeks. It was concluded that, although megestrol acetate cannot be expected to directly affect the prognosis of patients with hormone-insensitive tumors, it may increase host resistance by improving nutritional status and/or enhancing the quality of life.
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PMID:Appetite stimulation and weight gain with megestrol acetate. 225 25

The use of megestrol acetate in treatment of malignancy (endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma), endometrial hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy, contraception, anorexia, cachexia and weight loss is reviewed, concluding with a toxicity profile. Megestrol acetate was introduced in 1971 for treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Megestrol acetate is probably effective in proportion to the number of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors, but it has not been tested in a Phase III trial. For ovarian cancer it has been reported to be effective in 1 trail at doses of 800 mg/day. Prostate cancer, although difficult to assess, responds to megestrol acetate at doses of 120 mg/day because of its suppression of gonadotropins, its inhibition of 5alpha-reductase and its binding to the dihydrotestosterone receptor. Megestrol acetate permits a lower dose of diethylstilbestrol, and thus lower toxicity. There is apparently a dose-response between megestrol acetate and breast cancer, along with a response dependent on the number and type of estrogen and progestin receptors. Responses are better in postmenopausal women, and additive with other agents such as tamoxifen and mitomycin C. The medium duration of effect is 6-8 months. It has no effect on renal cancer or malignant melanoma. Megestrol acetate can be considered as an effective medical alternative to surgery for endometrial hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy. As a contraceptive in inhibits sperm transport rather than ovulation, but also causes irregular bleeding. Megestrol acetate has few side effects, and has the advantage of stimulating appetite and weight gain, a benefit in cancer patients.
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PMID:Megestrol acetate: clinical experience. 247 90

Thirty-one patients with metastatic breast carcinoma refractory to standard hormonal and chemotherapy were treated with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 per course and etoposide 300 mg/m2 per course divided over 5 days. Courses were repeated at 3-6-week intervals, depending on the speed of recovery from myelosuppression. Of 29 evaluable patients, three had complete responses, eight had partial responses, eight had stable disease, and 10 had progressive disease. Nausea, emesis, anorexia, weakness, and easy fatigability were common but tolerable side effects. Myelosuppression was frequent and occasionally profound but there were no deaths from hemorrhage or infection. No significant renal toxicity was encountered. The combination of cisplatin and etoposide has sufficient antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients to justify its further study in breast cancer.
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PMID:Cisplatin and etoposide: an effective treatment for refractory breast carcinoma. 264 95

Fifty-two non-resectable and recurrent cancer patients with prior treatment, were entered in this study; 1 esophageal, 33 gastric, 1 duodenal, 4 colorectal, 2 pancreatic, 2 bile duct, and 9 breast cancer. The protocol of this therapy was as follows: On day 1, 500 mg/body cyclophosphamide (CPM) was administered by drip infusion, and on day 2, 200 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX) was infused intravenously for 30 min; immediately after, 500 mg/body 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was injected by bolus infusion for 5-10 min. On day 3, 24 hours after MTX administration, leucovorin rescue was added. This combination chemotherapy was repeated every two weeks. As a result, 35 of 52 patients were evaluable and the response rate (CR + PR) was investigated; 2/21 (9.5%) for gastric, 2/7 (28.6%) for breast, and 0% for miscellaneous. As complications for side effect, general fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and stomatitis were observed symptomatically, and leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were recognized in laboratory data as dose limiting factors.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of CPM-MTX-5-FU in non-resectable and recurrent cancer patients]. 271 79

Phase II study of 5'-DFUR was conducted in 195 patients with malignant tumors by the Osaka Chemotherapy Cooperative Study Group. Five CR and 20 PR cases were obtained out 133 evaluable cases and the total response rate was 18.8% (15.8% in gastric, 38.1% in breast) One PR was observed for each of head & neck and esophageal cancer. It was noteworthy that four CR were observed in breast cancer. Adverse reaction was observed in 61 out of 151 cases (40.4%), and major side effects were digestive symptoms such as diarrhea (22.5%), nausea-vomiting (11.9%) and anorexia (10.6%). These results suggest that 5'-DFUR can be useful for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Phase II study of 5'-DFUR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) by the Cooperative Study Group]. 293 1

5'-DFUR was administered orally to advanced or recurrent cancer patients at a daily dosage of 600-1200 mg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. Out of 13 evaluable cases 2PR, 2MR, 4NC and 5PD were observed, response rate was 15.4%. PR were obtained in one gastric cancer case and one breast cancer case. Side effects were observed in 6 cases out of 14 cases (42.9%) and major adverse reaction was gastro-intestinal toxicities such as anorexia, nausea-vomiting and diarrhea. Two leukocytopenia and one erythrocytopenia were observed. This study indicated that 5'-DFUR would be useful as a new anticancer agent.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in advanced cancer patients]. 293 26

Recently 5'-DFUR (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) was developed as a new anticancer drug in Japan. The compound was active against various murine tumors by oral administration and the toxicity was almost comparable to the other prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5'-DFUR is converted to 5-FU in vivo by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase which was found to exist relatively much in tumor tissues compared to normal ones except intestinal tract. In the phase I study, the dose-limiting toxicities were gastro-intestinal (GI) ones such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia etc., and the MTD was 2,100 mg/body/day (oral administration). In the multi-institutional phase II studies, clinical activity of 5'-DFUR was found in head and neck, thyroidal, esophageal, gastric, colo-rectal, gall-bladder and breast cancers at daily doses of 800-1,200 mg/body. The main side effects were consisted of GI-toxicities in which diarrhea appeared most frequently (26.3%). This diarrhea, however, disappeared rapidly by decreasing the dosage or termination of treatment. In the comparative clinical studies of 5'-DFUR with tegafur against advanced breast cancer cases, 5'-DFUR was found superior to tegafur in the clinical responses. From these results, 5'-DFUR was judged as an useful new anticancer drug.
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PMID:[A new anticancer drug, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)]. 295 7

5'-DFUR was administered orally to recurrent breast cancer patients at a daily dosage of 1,200 mg given 3 times a day for more than 8 weeks. Out of 16 evaluable cases, 1 CR, 5 PR, 5 NC and 5 PD were observed, and the overall response rate was 37.5%. There was no significant difference in the response rate between the patient with or without prior fluorinated pyrimidine therapy, or between sites of the lesion. Toxic effects consisted of gastrointestinal toxicity such as diarrhea (25%), anorexia (12.5%), abdominal pain (12.5%) and nausea and vomiting (6.3%). No other severe side effect was observed. These results suggest that 5'-DFUR can be useful for the treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of 5'-DFUR in patients with recurrent breast cancer]. 297 58


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