Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the plasma of normal persons and patients with lung or breast cancer and other kinds of neoplasma or other diseases was determined using radioimmunoassay. In comparison with normal persons, significant elevation occurred in the cGMP in the plasma of patients with various kinds of cancer or renal insufficiency. The average cGMP values in the plasma of eight normal persons, 16 patients with lung cancer, 16 patients with breast cancer, five patients with oesophagus cancer, three patients with liver cancer, three patients with stomach cancer, ten patients with renal insufficiency and two patients with myocardial infarction, were respectively 3.46, 9.05, 5.39, 5.42, 7.33, 11.66, 19.55, and 8.0 pmol per ml of plasma. There was no elevation in the cGMP in the plasma of the patients with other diseases studied.
 ...
PMID:Guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate level in plasma of patients with cancer and various diseases. 22 Nov 27

The article presents results of investigations of 207 case records and protocols of autopsies of deceased patients who suffered from breast cancer, covering the period from 1953 to 1972 (materials of the USSR AMS Oncological Research Centre). It was established that in 154 patients (74.4%) the cause of death was the progress of the main disease, the most common and "typica" causes of death being pulmonary-cardiac, renal insufficiency (as a result of metastatic lesions of the above mentioned organs) and complications associated with metastases of breast cancer in to the brain and its meninx. In 39 patients (18.8%) the cause of death was directly associated with therapy complications, 14 patients died of diseases not connected with carcinoma of the mammary gland. The structure of causes in the group of deceased patients who when alive suffered from cancer of the mammary gland and who survived 10 and more years from the moment of establishing the diagnosis and carrying out primary treatment (11 observations) was found to be the same as that for the whole group of observations.
 ...
PMID:[Causes of death of patients with breast cancer (according to the materials of the Oncological Research Center of the USSR AMS for the period 1953-1975)]. 102 Oct 57

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
 ...
PMID:Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. 106 80

Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent that has clearly demonstrated efficacy against advanced breast cancer. In broad phase II trials, ifosfamide produced response rates of approximately 15% to 20%, and up to 30% in patients without exposure to previous chemotherapy. In subsequent studies, in which ifosfamide was evaluated in higher doses with mesna uroprotection in advanced breast cancer patients with or without prior chemotherapy, the combined complete and partial response rate was 28%. Ifosfamide has also been used in combination regimens. The ifosfamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (IMF) combination has produced efficacy similar to that of the cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) combination in both previously treated and untreated metastatic breast cancer. Combinations of ifosfamide/epirubicin, ifosfamide/mitoxantrone, and ifosfamide/etoposide have shown encouraging results. Response rates of approximately 70% have been obtained with regimens that include ifosfamide/doxorubicin or ifosfamide/epirubicin. The dose-limiting toxic reactions of ifosfamide, with administration of mesna uroprotection, are myelosuppression, renal tubular acidosis, and renal insufficiency. Additional studies are needed to determine the role of ifosfamide in well-defined patient subsets, to assess its cross-resistance with other alkylating agents, and to determine the slope of the dose-response curve in patients with breast cancer. Further, the role of ifosfamide in front-line combinations needs to be defined.
 ...
PMID:Activity of ifosfamide in breast cancer. 148 73

A prospective clinical trial was done to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin plus etoposide (VP-16) in patients with breast cancer who failed one previous chemotherapy regimen for advanced disease or relapsed within 12 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Partial responses occurred in 11 of 44 evaluable patients (25%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13% to 40%). The median time to disease progression in responding patients was 4 months (range, 3 to 6+ months), whereas the median time to disease progression and survival for all patients who were treated were 3 and 7 months, respectively. There was marked toxicity related to this protocol treatment including pancytopenia, gastrointestinal upset, and renal insufficiency. Two treatment-related deaths occurred; one from sepsis and one from renal failure. Thus, this regimen, as second-line chemotherapy for women with metastatic breast cancer, resulted in moderate, short-term, antitumor activity at the expense of marked toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the continuous infusion of etoposide plus cisplatin in metastatic breast cancer. A collaborative North Central Cancer Treatment Group/Mayo Clinic phase II study. 229 32

A total of 23 patients were treated at five dose escalations with high-dose combination cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and melphalan with autologous bone marrow support. The maximum tolerated doses of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and melphalan were 5,625, 180, and 80 mg/m2, respectively. The dose-limiting toxicity was cardiac toxicity. Objective tumor regression occurred in 14 of 18 evaluable cases, with a median duration of 3.5 months. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of melphalan in 20 patients revealed a dose-related increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC). Perturbation of the melphalan plasma half-life and AUC, associated with severe toxicity, resulted when renal insufficiency occurred. The results suggest that high-dose combination cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and melphalan produces frequent, rapid responses in breast cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma, although with significant extramedullary toxicity. The pharmacokinetics suggest that modification of the treatment schedule may result in a reduction of treatment-related toxicity.
 ...
PMID:High-dose combination cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and melphalan with autologous bone marrow support. A clinical and pharmacologic study. 265 60

Eighteen patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were treated with elliptinium acetate 100 mg/m2 x 3 days every 3 weeks. Fourteen of these patients had failed prior chemotherapy. Two patients had an objective tumor response of greater than 4 weeks. Myelosuppression, renal insufficiency and thrombophlebitis were rarely encountered and alopecia was not seen at all. This study demonstrates that elliptinium has minimal activity in recurrent breast cancer with a favorable toxicity profile.
 ...
PMID:Elliptinium: phase II study in advanced measurable breast cancer. 279 78

Six breast cancer patients were treated recently for renal insufficiency secondary to neoplasic involvement of the ureters. This complication usually occurs in long standing hormonal-dependent breast cancer with bone metastases. Diagnosis was performed by abdominal echography. Ureteral catheterization or percutaneous nephrostomy with or without irradiation always resulted in rapid recovery of renal function. Systemic chemotherapy could then be given, sometimes with antitumoral responses, allowing the removal of the endoureteral catheters.
 ...
PMID:Ureteral obstruction in patients with breast cancer. 335 80

Certain physiological and pathological conditions in women require choice of a contraceptive method that will not aggravate the condition or exacerbate known side effects. IUDs and oral contraceptives (OCs) are not appropriate for the immediate postpartum. Low dose progestins appear best suited and can be started on the 5th day after delivery. IUDs and high dose discontinuous progestins are the best choices for the menopausal period, but contraindications to them must be respected. Contraception with a dominant progestational climate is required in case of benign breast disease. Low dose progestins may cause luteal insufficiency and low dose combined OCs may allow endogenous estradiol secretion poorly balanced by the progestin. All progestin-dominant formulations and discontinuous 19-norsteroids may be used. 19-norsteroids appear suitable for women with breast cancer because of their antiestrogenic activity. High dose progestins are advisable for women with precancerous or cancerous endometrial pathology. Estrogens should be avoided in such cases. Cervical cancer has never been proven to be hormonodependent, and at present the use of hormonal contraception in cervical dysplasia is not contraindicated except after pelvic radiation for invasive cancer. Use of the IUD has the same indications as for the general population after lesions have been treated. In cases of hyperlipidemia, low doses of continuously administered 19-norsteroids cause a decline of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol but are considered to be without longterm metabolic effects. The new progestin desogestrel does not diminish HDL cholesterol. Many cases of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia contraindicate OCs at the usual dose and require mechanical contraception, although low dose progestins may be considered. Derivatives of 17-hydroxyprogesterone are without effects on lipid metabolism but are less reliable. No contraceptive method is fully satisfactory for diabetics. Hormonal contraception is risky because of possible metabolic and vascular effects. Low dose progestins have the fewest side effects but are often poorly tolerated. IUDs are often used for diabetics despite possible increased risks of infection and failure. Hypertensive women should not use combined OCs or high-dose 19-norsteroids, but low dose progestins carry no risk of hypertension. Women at vascular risk are advised to use IUDs if no specific contraindications are found. Otherwise low-dose progestins are an acceptable choice. Low dose progestins are often the only possibility for cardiac patients. Nonhypertensive women with renal insufficiency can use OCs under careful supervision if there are no contraindications. Combined OCs are contraindicated when there is any disturbance of hepatic function, but low dose progestins or mechanical means are acceptable. Chronic use of certain drugs which act as enzymatic inductors is incompatible with hormonal contraception.
 ...
PMID:[Contraception at risk]. 365 96

Adolescents constitute a particular group of patients because of their young age and incomplete or erroneous knowledge of contraception and reproduction. The physical condition of a young girl and the medical history of her close relatives must be assessed in the contraception consultation. In the absence of obvious contraindications such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia or renal insufficiency, oral contraceptives (OCs) are most often indicated, whether or not the menstrual cycle is well established. It has been demonstrated that the hypothalamus resumes its previous activity when OC use is discontinued. Standard-dosed combined OCs are usually recommended, because low-dose formulations do not always sufficiently block the hypothalamus and may induce a state of relative hyperestrogenism. Girls with benign breast disease or whose mothers have histories of breast cancer may benefit from the antigonadotropic properties of a 19-nortestosterone derivative progestin administered from the 8th to the 25th cycle days. Some 19-nortestosterone derivatives can cause seborrhea, acne, or hair loss. Sequential OCs may be indicated at this age for temporary use in exceptional cases. Low-dose progestins are not completely effective and cause worrisome menstrual problems. In cases of renal insufficiency, lupus, or hypertension, derivatives of 17-OH progesterone can be used. Cyproterone acetate is indicated for adolescents with hirsutism. Barrier methods are not used by adolescents as often as the less reliable but simpler ovules or jellies. The diaphragm with jelly or the condom correctly used are the most reliable, but they have a bad reputation. Information campaigns have successfully promoted use in some countries. IUDs are strongly contraindicated for all young girls because of increased risks of infection and sexually transmitted diseases. In extreme necessity they may be used for mentally ill adolescents unable to use any other method.
 ...
PMID:[Contraceptive methods for adolescents]. 385 20


1 2 3 Next >>