Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ectopic production of HCG by non-trophoblastic tumors is well documented. Adenocarcinomas arising in the mammary gland have been shown to stain positively for the beta subunit of HCG using immunoperoxidase technique. In the present study we used the Monoclonal antibodies (M. abs) H6, H34 and H54 directed against the subunits of this hormone. A total of 31 breast tissue sections from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded unselected material was examined, out of which 22 concerned different types of primary breast cancer (Ca), 5 local recurrences, 3 cystic disease (CD) and one was an axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM). All cases were evaluated for cytoplasmic localization of the beta subunit HCG using the Mab H36 and among the 27 breast Ca 9 were studied with Mab H34 and 6 with Mab H54. Our results with the Mab H6 showed the following: 1) 55.5% of the Ca including the recurrences, were strongly positive (+) and 18.5% weakly positive (+/-); 2) 63.6% of the Grade III tumors were negative (-), whereas 81.2% of the Grade II were +, 18.7% +/- and none was -; 3) It seems that by increasing infiltration of the tumor size positivity is increased; 4) Lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor stroma and LNM did not appear related; 5) From the FU data of 14 cases collected up to now, the 10-year-survival seems to be inconclusive; 6) The 3 cases of CD were negative except for the apocrine cells which were positive; 7) The unique axillary LNM was positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunohistochemical expression of subunit beta HCG in breast cancer. 128 1

Lymphocytic infiltration of breast cancer is often associated with a favourable prognosis. Seventy-seven women with operable breast cancer were followed for a minimum of 3 years. Tumours were frozen and sectioned by cryostat before staining with monoclonal antibodies using an immunoperoxide technique for total lymphocytes, helper/inducer, suppressor/cytotoxic, natural killer and B subsets. Lymphocyte density was assessed by light microscopy at x400 and divided at the 50th percentile to less than 30 and greater than or equal to 30 cells per high power field to give scanty and dense lymphocytic infiltration. The helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratio was greater than 1 in 45 patients but without improvement in survival or cancer recurrence. Natural killer and B lymphocytes were rarely seen in tumour sections. Poorly differentiated tumours excited a more marked lymphocytic infiltration (P less than 0.01). Neither the density of lymphocyte infiltration nor the ratio of helper to suppressor lymphocytes correlated with improved short-term survival or recurrence. These data suggest that the immune defence is ineffective in preventing spread from the primary tumour in breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Density of lymphocytic infiltration of primary breast cancer does not affect short-term disease-free interval or survival. 205 18

Lymphocytic infiltration of the primary breast cancer and sinus histiocytosis of the axillary lymph nodes are indications of a favorable prognosis. Similarly, skin test responsiveness such as with DNCB or with tumor extracts correlates in general with stage of disease. This presentation will bring forth preliminary data on cellular immunity of breast cancer patients. Circulating lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated with mitogens and a breast cancer antigen. PBL from patients with a primary tumor less than 2.4 cm in size reacted as though no immune stimulus existed. PBL from patients with a lump from 2.5 to 5.0 cm in size showed evidence of immune stimulation. An increase in size of the primary tumor over 5 cm and an increase in the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastasis were associaed with a diminution in cellular immunity. However, data from an adjuvant immunotherapy program show that cellular immunity can be improved in certain patients by immunization. Such patients continued to remain disease free, while patients whose cellular immunity was poor or not improved by adjuvant immunotherapy tended to develop recurrent disease.
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PMID:Immunologic responsiveness of the breast cancer patient. 739 64

Medullary breast carcinoma (MBC) is a relatively rare malignancy with heavy lymphocytic infiltration that despite cytologically anaplastic features and high mitotic index has more favorable prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Lymphocytic infiltration of tumors reflects ongoing immune response against tumor antigens which could represent a great interest as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. The search for MBC antigens by SEREX methodology has not been successful due to a very high titer of false positive clones, representing immunoglobulin genes. Here, we describe a novel approach for generating cDNA expression libraries from MBC tumor samples which are depleted of IgG cDNA clones and, therefore, are suitable for the identification of novel tumor-associated antigens (TAA) by SEREX approach. Modified methodology allowed us to isolate a panel of known and novel TAA which are currently under further investigation.
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PMID:Identification of tumor-associated antigens from medullary breast carcinoma by a modified SEREX approach. 2044 May 81

Lymphocytic infiltration is often seen in breast cancer and has been suggested as a marker of host anti-tumor response but its importance in prognosis remains controversial. Our recent study demonstrated an association between tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T lymphocytes in invasive breast cancer and better prognosis.
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PMID:CD8(+) T lymphocytes infiltrating breast cancer: A promising new prognostic marker? 2273 16

Lymphocytic infiltration is associated with a favourable prognosis and predicts response to chemotherapy in many cancer types, including the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, it is not well understood owing to the high levels of spatial heterogeneity within tumours, which is difficult to analyse by traditional pathological assessment. This paper describes an unbiased methodology to statistically model the spatial distribution of lymphocytes among tumour cells based on automated analysis of haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained whole-tumour section images, which is applied to two independent TNBC cohorts of 181 patients with matched microarray gene expression data. The novelty of the proposed methodology is the fusion of image analysis and statistical modelling for an integrative understanding of intratumour heterogeneity of lymphocytic infiltration. Using this methodology, a quantitative measure of intratumour lymphocyte ratio is developed and found to be significantly associated with disease-specific survival in both TNBC cohorts independent to standard clinical parameters. The proposed image-based measure compares favourably to a number of gene expression signatures of immune infiltration. In addition, heterogeneous immune infiltration at the morphological level is reflected at the molecular scale and correlated with increased expression of CTLA4, the target of ipilimumab. Taken together, these results support the fusion of high-throughput image analysis and statistical modelling to offer reproducible and robust biomarkers for the objective identification of patients with poor prognosis and treatment options.
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PMID:Modelling the spatial heterogeneity and molecular correlates of lymphocytic infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. 2550 34