Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the association of enhancement or suppression of humoral immune responses with cancer histology, sera from age and sex matched patients with sarcoma, melanoma and breast cancer and from normal donors were tested for natural antibodies in six serologic assays. Patients with melanoma were found to have a significantly higher level of antibody than the other groups tested. Antibody levels in patients with breast cancer were lowest.
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PMID:Natural humoral immunity in patients with malignant disease. 719 40

In spite of pharmacokinetic studies, which have shown that only cis-DDP traces are found in brain tissue, cytotoxic activity of this drug in primary brain tumors has recently been reported. The purpose of our study was to examine whether cis-DDP aslo has antitumor properties in metastatic brain tumors. Twelve consecutive untreated patients with brain metastases recorded by CAT scans or radionuclide scans plus neurologic examinations underwent the treatment. Histology of primaries revealed 4 bronchial, 3 breast, 1 gastric, 2 colorectal carcinoma, 2 melanomas, and 1 soft tissue sarcoma. Cis-DDP was administered at the doses of 30 mg/m2 body surface daily for 4 days. All the patients were evaluated. Objective response (3 complete and 2 partial remissions) was observed in 5 of 12 patients (response rate 42%). Three stable disease cases were also noted; however, in the remaining 4 patients the disease in the brain progressed. Complete response (5 months) was observed in a breast cancer patient, in a melanoma (4+ months), and in a microcellular bronchial cancer (2+ months). Two partial responses (lung, breast) lasted 2+ and 2+ months. Toxicity was moderate but tolerable for the patients. The preliminary results of this study show that cis-DDP possesses antitumorigenic properties also in patients with metastatic brain tumors, which has not been proved till now.
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PMID:Preliminary report on antitumorigenic activity of cis-dichlorodiamine platinum in metastatic brain tumors. 719 35

We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracenedione derivative, Mitoxantrone. The object was to determine if the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early Phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 267 patients were placed in culture (20 different histological tumor types). One hundred seventy tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. Excellent in vitro antitumor activity was noted for Mitoxantrone against human adenocarcinoma of the lung, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and biliary tree cancer. Good antitumor activity was noted against breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, gastric cancer, and hepatomas. The drug showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that Mitoxantrone has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of Phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of a new compound.
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PMID:Activity of mitoxantrone in a human tumor cloning system. 721 52

In a phase II trial 2 N-Methyl-9-Hydroxy-Ellipticine (NMHE) was administered in weekly infusions of 100mg/m2 over 1 hour to patients with malignant metastases. Prior to injection, the drug was dissolved in 250 ml isotonic glucose. The results were evaluated in 67 patients. Objective regression was observed in 23 (34%) and was superior to 50% in 10 cases. Patients showing signs of regression under treatment were mostly those with breast cancer (10/24 cases), soft tissue sarcoma (3/9 cases) and renal cancer (2/8 cases). The main toxic effect was haemolysis (2 cases), probably due to an immunoallergic mechanism. Attention is drawn to the lack of bone marrow toxicity.
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PMID:[N-Methyl-9 hydroxy-ellipticine (NSC 264-137) in the treatment of malignant metastases. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. 725 36

A review of the biological properties of seaweed is presented and the role of seaweed as a breast cancer anticarcinogen is suggested. Proposed mechanisms of action are: reduction of plasma cholesterol, binding of biliary steroids, inhibition of carcinogenic fecal flora, binding of pollutants, stimulation of the immune system, and the protective effects of beta-sitosterols. In an experiment using sarcoma-180 in mice, seaweed extract appeared to have an antitumor effect. Thus it is suggested that breast cancer may be prevented and that this dietary habit among the Japanese could be an important factor in understanding the lower breast cancer rates reported in Japan.
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PMID:The consumption of seaweed as a protective factor in the etiology of breast cancer. 727 25

Seven patients after treatment of Hodgkin's Disease who developed bone sarcomas in the radiation field were seen at this centre over the past eight years. Radiation-induced sarcoma in bone in patients with Hodgkin's Disease is poorly documented. The large number of cases appeared to be an important new development and led to our review of all the patients with radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) seen at this centre over the past 40 years. Thirty-seven patients with RIS in previously normal bone were found, and of these, only one patient with underlying Hodgkin's Disease, who was seen here 27 years earlier. Hodgkin's Disease and breast cancer were the most common primary underlying conditions and, as a result, the bones of the shoulder girdle were the commonest site of radiation-induced sarcoma. The clinical histories and radiographic findings of the eight patients with underlying Hodgkin's Disease are discussed in detail.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease complicated by radiation sarcoma in bone. 737 99

Increasingly more aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens are being used in pursuit of better tumour response and patient survival. Studies in advanced breast cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), urothelial cancer and sarcoma indicate that recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) (lenograstim) facilitates modest dose intensification (20-30%), but at high intensity doses, chemotherapy-related toxicity remains a problem. Survival outcome in SCLC patients is still uncertain although in one randomised trial lenograstim facilitated a 20% increase in chemotherapy dosage which resulted in a 25% increase in complete remissions. In studies of breast cancer, an initially improved response rate was not maintained. However, increased dose intensity of chemotherapeutic agents in aggressive lymphoma was possible using lenograstim. Studies to date with haematopoietic growth factors have not been designed to specifically address the issue of survival and/or quality of life, although they have inferred that this is possible through dose intensification. The use of haematopoietic growth factors will allow the design of such studies, but a modest chemotherapy dose increase may be insufficient to improve survival. The future for dose intensification in cancer therapy may lie in the use of lenograstim-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) transplants to enhance haematopoietic recovery after high-dose sequential or myeloablative chemotherapy.
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PMID:Chemotherapy dose intensity facilitated by use of lenograstim--implications for quality of life and survival. 753 70

Chemotherapy drugs have been reported to cause cardiac side effects including cardiomyopathy, ischemia, arrhythmias, and myocardial necrosis. Most important in terms of daily practice is anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. The bisdioxopiperazine compound, dexrazoxane (ICRF-187, ADR-529), has been shown to prevent this cumulative side effect of the anthracyclines. Recent randomized trials performed in breast cancer and in pediatric sarcoma patients have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach, which permits the administration of anthracyclines to greater cumulative doses and thus leads to a substantial reduction in the incidence of decreased left-ventricular ejection fraction or congestive heart failure. Response rates were not significantly different with the use of dexrazoxane in these trials. The risk ratio for a cardiac event was decreased by two to threefold in randomized breast studies involving more than 700 women. Paclitaxel also has been reported to cause arrhythmias and possibly ischemia. In a large data base, National Cancer Institute investigators found a 0.29% incidence of grade 4 or 5 cardiac toxicities, including heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and ischemic events. Other important chemotherapy-related cardiac toxicities discussed include fluorouracil-induced angina and arrhythmias, interleukin-4 induced-cardiomyopathy, and cardiotoxicity associated with autologous bone marrow transplantation procedures.
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PMID:Cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection during chemotherapy. 757 76

The combination of ifosfamide (with mesna uroprotection), carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) has demonstrated activity in a variety of cancers. Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), a dipertene compound extracted from the Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia, appeared a good candidate for study as an addition to the ICE regimen (ICE-T) because of its broad antitumor activity, its unique mechanism of action, and its toxicity profile, which was not expected to impact the ICE regimen adversely. In a phase I study, we evaluated the impact of adding escalating doses of paclitaxel (120 mg/m2, 135 mg/m2, 150 mg/m2, and 175 mg/m2) to the ICE regimen in 13 previously untreated (with two exceptions) patients with breast cancer, sarcoma, lung cancer, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. In general, ICE-T was well tolerated with some myelosuppression observed. Responses were seen at all dose levels. To date, the maximal tolerated dose of paclitaxel has not been reached; we are currently administering 175 mg/m2.
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PMID:Phase I study of escalating doses of paclitaxel (Taxol) with fixed doses of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide. 761 Mar 96

Reports of breast cancer in adolescent females consist mostly of isolated patients. Because of this, neither the prognosis nor optimal management of the disease in this age group is clear. The authors retrospectively reviewed their 40-year single-institution experience of all patients under 20 years of age who were referred for treatment of newly diagnosed breast cancer. The charts of 16 patients, all females (age range, 13 to 19 years), were reviewed. Four patients found to have cytosarcoma phyllodes and two with tumors metastatic to the breast were excluded from further study. Ten patients had various forms of adenocarcinoma of the breast, including invasive intraductal, invasive lobular, signet ring, and secretory adenocarcinoma. Four had a family history of breast cancer. The average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 3.7 months. Mammography failed to diagnose cancer in any of the four patients tested, including one with an 8-cm mass. Two patients had stage I tumors, four had stage IIA, two had stage IIIA, and two had stage IV. The patients were treated with combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. One stage I patient (with bilateral breast cancer) died of radiation-induced sarcoma after treatment; the other stage I patient is alive without disease 15 years after treatment. The 5-year survival rate for stage IIA patients was 50%; that for patients with stage IIIA or IV was 0%. Five of the 10 patients presented during the past 10 years. This study constitutes the largest single institution experience with adolescent breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Breast cancer in adolescent females. 773 58


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