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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty six cases of breast cancer associated with other primary cancer were found out among 1160 patients with primary breast cancer. They consisted of 6 synchronous combination and 30 metachronous, in which 23 were detected as the first lesion and 7 were the second. The other organs involved by cancer were the stomach (11), thyroid (9), colon or rectum (5), uterus (3), and others (8). Although the TNM stage of the breast cancer was mostly in stage I or II (91.6%), the prognosis was poor in the metachronous cases, depending on the nature of the second primary cancer. It is important to detect and treat a second primary cancer in the early stage.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of breast cancers associated with other primary cancers]. 652 6

Vascular and lymphatic invasion of cancer cells, type of histology, histopathological TNM classification, level of tumor invasion, menopausal status and age, were reported as prognostic factors of breast cancer. We determined the discriminatory power of above prognostic factors for predicting breast cancer recurrence in 98 patients, with the method of quantification theory type II using a computer, model Hi-TAC M-150. The discriminatory rate of these combined seven factors for recurrence was 82.609%. We calculated the probability of breast cancer recurrence using the method of quantification theory type II. The probability of breast cancer recurrence (P) was given as follows. P = 1/1 + 7.333 e5.468x The score x is given by sum of category weight of seven prognostic factors. Averages of P values of patients with recurrence and without recurrence were statistically different (p less than 0.01). The rate of having more than 30% of P values was 78% in 23 patients with breast cancer recurrence, and its was only 3% in 75 patients without breast cancer recurrence. The difference was statistically significant. (x2 = 61.83, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that we can discriminate a high risk patient with breast cancer recurrence using this method.
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PMID:[Determination of discriminatory power of prognostic factors for recurrence of breast cancer]. 652 79

Among node-negative patients with localized breast cancer (TNM stages T1-3 N0-1 M0), the rate of disease progression, classified with a clinical method of assessment, was rapid in 12%. Prognosis was substantially worse in the rapid groups than in patients classified as slow or intermediate. For instance, the 10 yr disease free survival rate was 55 and 50% in the rapid groups compared with 71% in the intermediate and 82% in the slow groups. Additionally, among those who did develop recurrent disease, the disease-free interval was shortest in the most rapid group (10 months) and longest in the slow group (50 months). The distinctive prognostic gradients formed by the growth-rate strata persisted when differences in symptomatic state, histologic type, tumor size, menstrual status, age, and treatment were taken into account through the Cox proportional hazards model. The node-negative patients who were identified as rapid have had a high risk of recurrence, while those with slow growth rates had an excellent prognosis. The index could improve therapeutic efficacy in this subset of patients by identifying high risk patients in whom adjuvant therapies may do more good than harm.
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PMID:Rapid growth rate: a method of identifying node-negative breast cancer patients with a high risk of recurrence. 665 28

Two hundred sixty-three patients with unilateral primary breast cancer, treated by local excision of the primary tumor and radical radiation therapy between 1954 and 1969, were followed up for a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of 20 years. The treatment plan delivered 4500 rad in fractions of orthovoltage irradiation to five fields: tangential breast fields, axilla with posterior axillary field, parasternal and supraclavicular, with a subsequent boost of 1000 rad to the primary tumor site, axilla, and supraclavicular fossa. Patients were clinically staged using the TNM (UICC) system; 115 patients had tumors less than 2 cm in diameter and a clinically negative axilla (T1N0N1a), 96 had tumors 2 to 5 cm in diameter with a clinically negative axilla (T2N0N1a), and 52 had tumors less than 5 cm in diameter and clinical axillary lymph node metastases (T1T2N1b). The actuarial relapse-free survival of patients with T1N0N1a tumors was 72% at 5 years, 59% at 10 years, and 47% at both 15 and 20 years. The relapse-free survival of patients with T2N0N1a tumors was not statistically different (P greater than 0.05). A significantly worse survival was observed in patients with clinical axillary lymph node metastases (T1T2N1b), with a survival of 37% at 5 years, 29% at 10 years, 23% at 15 years, and 22% at 20 years, when compared with patients with clinically negative lymph nodes (P less than 0.01). Locoregional relapse occurred in 22%, at 10 years, of those patients with T1 or T2N0N1a tumors and 52% of the patients with T1T2N1b tumors. The pattern of locoregional relapses indicated that approximately 50% occur at least 5 years after treatment; this contrasts with the pattern of early locoregional relapse after mastectomy. The commonest sites of relapse were in the breast in 19% and axilla in 6% of patients with T1 or T2N0N1a tumors. There was no attenuation of the radiation dose administered at the site of a subsequent relapse. Surgery for radiation failure produced a 42% crude relapse-free survival at 5 years after salvage mastectomy in those patients originally treated for T1 or T1N0N1a tumors. The results of this study suggest that a significant proportion of patients relapse locally over a prolonged period after breast conservation. The evolution of new radiation techniques may provide better locoregional control and early salvage surgery may result in improved long-term survival.
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PMID:Breast conservation in the treatment of early breast cancer. A 20-year follow-up. 669 18

Staging of a cancer of the breast reflects the anatomic extent of the tumor either at the time of diagnosis prior to treatment based on clinical, diagnostic, and biopsy information or at the time of postsurgical resection when all pathologic information obtained or studied of the resected specimen is used. In the future, chemical or biological markers may add another dimension to staging. There have been several schemes suggested for staging breast cancer, but the current recommendation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) jointly with the TNM Committee of the International Union against Cancer (UICC) should be universally used. More complete definitions of staging of the primary tumor (T), nodes (N), and distant spread (M), are discussed in this report. It is stressed that, obviously, the smaller a cancer and the earlier it is diagnosed has a greater influence on therapy.
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PMID:Staging of cancer of the breast as a guide to therapy. 669 64

The relevance of age, menopausal status, histological type as classified by the Japan Mammary Cancer Society, level of invasion of the primary tumor, invasion of breast cancer cells into blood vessels, invasion of breast cancer into lymphatic vessels, histopathological TNM stage, and SHBG as a prognostic factors was studied to determine their discriminatory powers in predicting cancer recurrence by the type II quantification theory using a computer. We followed up 98 breast cancer patients with 23 recurrent cancers from 3-9 years; the followup period in cases with no recurrence was 10 years after mastectomy. Our study showed that the discriminatory power of those prognostic factors in predicting recurrence were ly (0.44108) greater than histopathological TNM stage (0.39719) greater than menopausal status (0.35701) greater than v (0.30513) greater than level of invasion of primary tumor (0.26072) greater than histological type (0.24311) greater than age (0.23369). The discriminatory rate of these 7 parameters in predicting recurrence was 82.609%. SHBG, which shows hormone dependence of breast cancer, had low discriminatory power.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in breast cancer and recurrence: study using a quantification theory; type-II]. 672 36

In Japan, most surgeons regard Stage I cancer of TNM system as "early breast cancer". Modified radical mastectomy is generally performed for the Stage I cancer. However, most recurrence sites of those cases, even in Stage I cancer, are distant organs such as lung, bone, etc. Corresponding to this, the Stage I cancer has blood vessel invasion in some cases and the incidence is almost 10%. Consequently, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is required in such cases. We have experienced several cases of small (less than or equal to 5 mm) non-infiltrating carcinoma detected only by microcalcification on mammogram. In such cases, a quadrantectomy and further follow-up are indicated as an appropriate treatment at present. Thus, even the treatment for the early breast cancer should be applied a wide-varied policy.
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PMID:[Some problems in the treatment of early breast cancer]. 674 35

The authors present 611 and 262 case histories of patients with breast cancer, studied 5 and 10 years after mastectomy, respectively; 27 clinical and 10 histologic parameters were considered for the statistical evaluation, in order to define an Individualized Prognostic Index (IPI) for breast cancer survivability. The probability of survival was estimated by a Bayesian formula using selected prognostic parameters, these parameters were placed in order of discriminant resolution and, for the calculation of the IPI, were selected according to their importance, as it follows: 5 years after surgery: percent affected nodules, dermal infiltration, TNM phase, Scarff-Bloom index and evolutive outbreak (PEV); 10 years after surgery: TNM phase, dermal infiltration, percent affected nodules and Scarff-Bloom index. The current information considers that out of several parameters, the selected prognostic parameters used for the IPI are sufficient to establish probability tests and a reliable estimation of life expectancy following breast cancer surgery.
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PMID:A statistical approach to an individualized prognostic index (IPI) for breast cancer survivability. 686 Nov 9

Ceruloplasmin was assayed as enzyme activity, as antigen, and as total copper in serum samples from 150 male lung cancer patients and comparable numbers of male controls. By all three assays, ceruloplasmin was significantly increased above the normal before treatment, and the degree of elevation was related to TNM stage [i.e., the International Union Against Cancer classification system based on extent of primary tumor (T), condition of lymph nodes (N), and absence of presence of metastases (M)]. Surgery had no immediate effects, but in patients who evidence of disease for longer periods, ceruloplasmin returned to nearly normal values. High levels of ceruloplasmin was elevated in 6 of 9 patients before tumor recurrence; 2 of 3 smokers (in the first panel of sera) with elevated ceruloplasmin levels subsequently developed lung cancer. The relative merits of the three assays were compared. Some sex- and age-related differences among normal controls were apparent. The results of pilot studies on men with gastrointestinal cancer and women with breast cancer are presented. It is concluded that only in limited situations will assays of ceruloplasmin aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and long-term monitoring of cancer patients.
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PMID:Ceruloplasmin assays in diagnosis and treatment of human lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. 694 65

The author makes a general introduction about the anatomy, embryology, etiopathogenesis, morbidity, mortality, pathological anatomy, clinical classification and TNM classification of breast cancer. She describes then the techniques of bone scintiscanning, liver scintigraphy and lymphography with radioisotopes making a review of their usefulness for the diagnosis and evolution of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Applications of nuclear medicine to the study of breast cancer]. 702


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