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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-six Nigerian women admitted with breast cancer during pregnancy and/or lactation (SGP) are the basis of this study of breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation. Thirty-six non pregnant but age and c TNM stage matched breast cancer patients and another thirty-six non pregnant, age matched women with benign breast neoplasms served as control group A (CGA) and control group B (CGB) respectively. Even though of similar c TNM state, the mean duration of tumor presence in the SGP (6 months) was shorter than in CGA (12 months). Also the SGP presented with tumor of higher histological grade (grade III, 55.6%) than those of CGA (grade III, 19.4%). These lead to the conclusion that breast cancer in the study group patients was more rapidly progressing and was therefore of worse prognosis. This conclusion is confirmed by a finding of survival in CGA patients that was 1.4 times that of the study group patients. We therefore conclude that breast cancer associated with pregnancy or lactation in Nigerian women progresses more rapidly and has a worse prognosis than cancer in their non pregnant counterparts.
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PMID:Breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation. 338 13

The independent prognostic effects of certain clinical and pathological variables measured at the time of primary diagnosis were assessed with Cox multivariate regression analysis. The 859 patients with primary breast cancer, on which the proportional hazards model was based, had a median follow-up of 60 months. Axillary nodal status (categorized as N0, N1-3 or N4+) was the most significant and independent factor in overall survival, but inclusion of TNM stage, estrogen receptor (ER) concentration and tumor necrosis significantly improved survival predictions. Predictions made with the model showed striking subset survival differences within stage: 5-year survival from 36% (N4+, loge[ER] = 0, marked necrosis) to 96% (N0, loge[ER] = 6, no necrosis) in TNM I, and from 0 to 70% for the same categories in TNM IV. Results of the model were used to classify patients into four distinct risk groups according to a derived hazard index. An 8-fold variation in survival was seen with the highest (greater than 3) to lowest index values (less than 1). Each hazard index level included patients with varied combinations of the above factors, but could be considered to denote the same degree of risk of breast cancer mortality. A model with ER concentration, nodal status, and tumor necrosis was found to best predict survival after disease recurrence in 369 patients, thus confirming the enduring biological significance of these factors.
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PMID:Model for breast cancer survival: relative prognostic roles of axillary nodal status, TNM stage, estrogen receptor concentration, and tumor necrosis. 341 9

The relationship to survival after first recurrence of oestrogen receptor (ER), nodal status and TNM stage at diagnosis, and treatment for advanced disease was studied in 457 females whose primary breast cancer was diagnosed in 1975 to 1981. Receptor concentration was the most important predictor of post-recurrence survival, with some additional information conveyed by nodal status. ER predicted survival after recurrence independently of nodal status, clinical stage or mode of therapy. Response to endocrine therapy is only a facet of the generally favourable prognosis of ER positive patients, rather than the sole explanation.
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PMID:Oestrogen receptors, nodes and stage as predictors of post-recurrence survival in 457 breast cancer patients. 343 7

Fourteen clinical, pathologic, and pretreatment bioimmunologic variables were evaluated for their significance in predicting the survival or the length of disease-free interval of 55 patients with primary breast cancer. The variables studied were: patient age; clinical stage of disease according to the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification; number of involved nodes; sedimentation rate; peripheral lymphocyte, leucocyte, and monocyte counts; serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM; percentages of E-, "active" E-, and EAC-rosettes; and finally, the lymphoblastic transformation test value (PHA-LTT). A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model was carried out, in a stepwise manner, to identify those variables most highly related to survival or to the length of disease-free interval. The Cox analysis showed that clinical stage, number of involved nodes, percentage of EAC-rosettes, sedimentation rate, and T-lymphocyte reactivity, (i.e., the T-lymphocyte sensitivity to PHA, expressed as the ratio between the PHA-LTT in counts per minute and the percentage of E-rosettes) were the significant prognostic factors for survival, whereas the number of involved nodes and the sedimentation rate were independent of importance in predicting the length of disease-free interval. The results obtained from this analysis proved the importance of some immunologic parameters in the estimation of prognosis. In addition, a prognostic score for summarizing multiple factors with potential use in stratification was derived from the multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Competitive prognostic value of clinicopathologic and bioimmunologic factors in primary breast cancer. 348 57

Eighty-four elderly patients with carcinoma of the breast were treated with a once-weekly schedule using 650 cGy per fraction to a total of six fractions. According to the TNM classification there were 8 patients with Stage I, 29 patients with Stage II, 45 patients with Stage III, and 2 patients with Stage IV disease. Primary surgical treatment included biopsy, that is, truecut needle biopsy or open biopsy in 53 patients and excision biopsy in 13 patients; the remaining 18 patients had mastectomy. The average age of patients was 69.2 years with the oldest 91 years of age. Ten patients died of concomitant causes during the follow-up period at an average age of 84.5 years. Patients included in this report had at least a 36 month follow-up period with the longest being 94 months. Acute reactions were noticeably less than those with daily treatment. Only one of the 36 patients, where the breast was preserved, had severe delayed skin reaction. Of the 37 patients with Stage I and II, 24 were alive and disease-free at the time of reporting. Three died of concomitant causes, 2 are alive with disease, and the remaining 8 patients died of recurrent of progressive disease. There were 45 patients with Stage IIIA and IIIB and in this group 11 are alive and disease-free, 7 died of concomitant causes, 12 died of progressive breast cancer, and the remaining 4 patients are alive with disease. The two remaining Stage IV patients died of their disease. Once-weekly treatment was well tolerated by all patients and the early local control result is encouraging. We are continuing to assess this type of fractionation in selected elderly patients, especially in those who live away from our center.
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PMID:Once weekly irradiation in breast cancer. 355 45

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in 100 cases of human breast cancer. Using a category system of six ploidy groups, ploidy status was distributed as follows: The majority of the neoplasias were either diploid (45%), hyperdiploid (21%), or tetraploid (15%), whereas the remaining marginal ploidy groups, i.e. hypodiploid (4%), hypertetraploid (9%), and multiploid (6%) were less frequent. In an attempt to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA content, ploidy status was correlated with steroid hormone receptor status, histopathological grade, and TNM data. The higher incidence of negative estrogen and progestin receptor status and higher histopathological grade in hyperdiploid malignancies was significantly different from the prognostically more favorable positive receptor status and lower grade in diploid tumors. Tetraploid neoplasias statistically resembled the latter group with respect to both parameters. As far as TNM data are concerned, tendencies towards less favorable staging were observed in hyperdiploid as compared to diploid and tetraploid tumors. A definite statement of the prognostic significance of the marginal ploidy groups cannot be made at present. In order to characterize diploid malignancies more closely, proliferative activity expressed by %S-phase was analyzed. Steroid receptor status of diploid tumors exhibiting more than 6% S-phase did not differ statistically from that of hyperdiploid neoplasias. In contrast, diploid tumors expressing less than 6% S-phase closely resembled tetraploid ones. Our data emphasize the prognostic significance of differentiated DNA analysis.
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PMID:Differentiated DNA analysis in relation to steroid receptor status, grading, and staging in human breast cancer. 367 62

To test the hypothesis that the bleak prognosis of breast cancer in Nigeria may be due, in part, to a subset of patients with rapidly progressing type of breast cancer, a prospective study of 120 breast cancer patients was undertaken. Patients were staged by the UICC-TNM system and the PEV system. Eighty-one (67.5%) of the patients had non PEV while 39 (32.5%) had PEV breast cancer. Of the 24 patients in TNM stage IV, 21 had PEV. Also 17.5% of all breast cancer patient or 53.8% of PEV patients were in the PEV stage with the worst prognosis. Following similar treatment, the median survival of non PEV patients (14 months) was significantly greater than that of PEV patients (6 months). Overall median survival of the cancer patients was 9.5 months. It is concluded that the finding that fully one third of our breast cancer patients have rapidly progressing breast cancer contributes significantly to the poor prognosis of breast cancer in Nigeria.
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PMID:Rapidly progressing breast cancer in Nigeria. 369 23

The thyroid function was evaluated in a study group of 226 breast cancer patients and in control groups, consisting of 125 patients with various other malignancies, 61 women with benign breast disease and 166 healthy blood donors. The mean serum concentrations of total T3 and T4 were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the controls. The mean TFI (thyroid function index), measured by two indirect techniques (T3RU, T4/TBG) or by direct free T4 measurement, was also significantly higher in this group of patients than in controls. Individual values of TFI exceeding the upper limit of the normal range were related with elevated total T4 levels and not with abnormal concentrations of total TBG. Eight women with breast cancer (3.5%) and one patient with head and neck cancer were clinically hyperthyroid. No case of overt hypothyroidism was observed. There was no relation between thyroid function and spread of the disease (TNM). The control groups, including patients with other-than-breast cancers, did not show any significant modification of the thyroid function tests. In the present study, breast cancer patients, as a group, show a thyroid dysfunction distinct from the non-specific abnormalities (low T3 syndrome) frequently observed in patients with a variety of acute or chronic non-thyroidal illnesses.
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PMID:Thyroid function in women with breast cancer. 370 98

Between 1960 and 1978, 324 patients with early breast cancer were treated by lumpectomy with or without axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy. All were followed for a minimum of 5 years. All patients were, retrospectively, classified T1, T2, N0, N1a, in the TNM (U.I.C.C.) Classification. The retrospective analysis of the local-regional patterns of failure revealed that young age (less than or equal to 32 years) and premenopausal status were associated with an increased rate of local failure, whereas tumor size and location showed no influence. No pathological features were associated with an increased risk of local recurrence, whether pathological subtypes, Scarff Bloom and Richardson grading, intraductal associated component, or vascular involvement. The absolute 5 year disease-free survival rate was 87% in patients who recurred and 93% in those who did not. The absolute 10 year disease-free survival rates were 75 and 82%, respectively. Therefore, these results confirm that loco-regional failure does not significantly influence the disease-free survival.
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PMID:Local control and survival of breast cancer treated by limited surgery followed by irradiation. 372 30

Sixth postoperative day seromae of 142 breast cancer patients were searched for the presence of malignant cells. They were found in 32 patients. These patients showed significant propensity of developing distant metastases or having an unfavourable outcome of their disease although the size of their tumours was smaller than in women whose postoperative seromae were malignant-cell free. At the same time TNM tumour staging and axillary lymph node analyses failed to prove any difference between these two groups of breast cancer patients. Finally, the analyses of the state of patients' menstrual cycles showed that cycling women whose postoperative seroma contained malignant cells are at high risk of developing metastases or dying.
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PMID:The significance of cancer cells contaminating postoperative seroma. 374 93


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