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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of mammography upon stage classification according to the TNM system is evaluated in 590 breast cancer patients. By using tumour size measured on the radiograph instead of the tumour diameter determined by palpation it was possible to reclassify a significant proportion of cases in stage III. As much as 23% (52/228) of cases of stage III could correctly be grouped into stage II or I. The prognostic significance of this change is evident from the 5-year survival rates. The cases, removed from stage III by correction of the tumour size, show the same 5-year survival rates (65%) as cases primarily classified into stage I (64%) and II (63%). In view of these results we do recommend the use of mammography for stage classification, because it allows correction with prognostic significance.
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PMID:[The importance of mammography for the determination of tumor size in stage classification of breast cancer according to the TNM system (5-years-results) (author's transl)]. 38 36

A series of consecutive unselected patients with primary breast carcinoma and their age-matched controls were studied for serum CEA in relation to clinical findings. Raised CEA was found in a similar frequency in patients with primary breast cancer (pre- and postoperative) and in the control women: 16%, 11% and 11%, respectively, exceeded the selected upper limit of the reference range (13 ng/ml) with a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In the breast-cancer patients, however, 48% of the raised CEA levels exceeded 16 ng/ml, compared with only 20% in the controls. Significant correlations (r approximately 0.3) were found between CEA levels and tumour size, TNM classification and a combined clinical and histopathological classification. A high frequency of raised CEA values in the advanced breast-cancer patients was the essential contribution to these positive correlations. A correlation coefficient of 0.6 was found between pre- and postoperative CEA values. The frequency of smoking and/or chronic disease was unexpectedly high in patients as well as in controls with high CEA.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum of unselected breast-cancer patients and of non-hospitalized controls. 43 62

This study compares the results of modified radical mastectomy (144 cases) to radical mastectomy (188 cases) in the treatment of operable breast cancer. Two hundred five patients had Stage I breast cancer, 60 had Stage II disease and 67 had Stage III disease (TNM System). There was no statistically significant difference in five year survival when the results of a radical mastectomy were compared to a modified radical mastectomy at any stage of disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of local recurrence in patients with Stage I and Stage II disease when the results of a radical mastectomy were compared to modified radical mastectomy. Those patients with Stage III disease who were treated by a modified radical mastectomy had a statistically significant higher incidence of local recurrence (chest wall and axilla) in comparison to patients treated by radical mastectomy. We have concluded that a modified radical mastectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with Stage I and Stage II diseases. In patients with Stage III disease, a radical mastectomy provides a better chance of local control of the disease but offers no increased chance of survival.
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PMID:A comparison of modified radical mastectomy to radical mastectomy in the treatment of operable breast cancer. 44 8

Eighty-nine breast cancer patients were studied for the end result of therapy. During surgery, the anaesthesia administered was either halothane (61 cases) or ether (28 cases) mixture with nitrogen and oxygen. The holstead method for mastectomy was used for all cases. The results showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of breast cancer patients. The survival rates of patients receiving halothane were much higher than those of ether anaesthetized cases. The differences were most pronounced among cases who received both preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy, and in cases with metastasis into regional lymph node. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumor progression (according to TNM classification and post-operative histological assays) showed them to well matched. These results may be explained by the effects of the anaesthesia on the role of immunity in controlling tumor cell implantation and growth of metastasis.
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PMID:Survival rates of breast carcinoma patients after surgery and anaesthetic. 45 20

The results of 99mTc bone scanning have been retrospectively analyzed on 467 women admitted with a newly diagnosed breast cancer. The outcome of skeletal scintigraphy has been studied with reference to various prognostic variables. 9.8% of the women exhibited a positive scintigram. We could not find any influence of the tumour position on the frequency of positive bone scans. Age in relation to the menopause affected the rate of positive scans in that about three times as many positive scans were recorded in post menopausal women than in those who had not reached the menopause. Clinical staging according to the TNM system as well as the histological status of the axillary nodes correlated well with the rate of scintigrams that indicated a disseminated cancer disease. The tumour size, as measured in the operation specimen, strongly affected the frequency of positive and suspicious scans in accord with the prognostic significance of this parameter. The role of skeletal scintigraphy for an adequate staging of breast cancer patients is discussed.
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PMID:Skeletal scintigraphy in the inital assessment of women with breast cancer. 46 41

In order to investigate plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) concentration and pituitary reserve of these two hormones in patients with breast cancer, following examinations were carried out. Plasma prolactin concentration was measured before and 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes after the 500mug of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH) i.v. injection in 22 patients with breast cancer and 4 patients with benign breast disease. All patients did not take any hormonal therapy and any medication inducing prolactin secretion. Ten healthy females were also tested as controls. Plasma prolactin concentration was estimated by a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique using hPRL RIA kit provided by NIAMDD. The basal prolactin concentration in patients with breast cancer was 18.6 +/- ng/ml (Mean +/- SEM), and it was slightly higher than the control group (14.7 +/- 2.2 ng/ml), but not statistically significant. In 6 out of 22 patients with breast cancer, high plasma prolactin concentrations more than 25 ng/ml were observed. The maximal plasma prolactin concentration following the TRH injection was obtained at 15-30 minutes after TRH in most patients with breast cancer. The maximal value was 87.4 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, and it was near the upper limit of normal range of prolactin response, and not significantly higher than the maximal value in the control group (59.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml). In 7 patients with breast cancer, the maximal prolactin values more than 100 ng/ml were obtained after TRH injection. There was no statistically significant difference between early breast cancer group (TNM: stage I & II, N=14) and advanced breast cancer group (TNM: stage III & IV, N=6) in both the plasma prolactin concentration and the pituitary prolactin reserve...
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PMID:[Plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) in patients with breast cancer (author's transl)]. 82 85

The end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether-nitrogen-oxygen (554 cases) or halothane-nitrogen-oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of post-operative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether-anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre-operative radiation therapy and post-operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary-adrenal cortec system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.
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PMID:The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery. 89 32

After all records of patients with breast cancer who received primary treatment at Memorial Hospital in 1960 were reviewed, 304 women with operable, infiltrating carcinoma were identified and classified clinically according to the TNM system of the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting. There were 66 patients (22%) classified under Stage I, 176 (58%) under Stage II, and 62 (20%) under Stage III. There were 82 patients (27%) in whom the nodal status was misclassified clinically. The observed 10-year survival was 59.7%. The 10-year end results (with 95% confidence limits) diminished significantly in relation to advancing clinical stage of disease--90.9% (+/-6.9%) for Stage I, 57.1% (+/-7.3%) for Stage II, and 33.9% (+/-11.8%) for Stage III patients. The 10-year survival in patients with pathologically negative axillary nodes was 71.5%, and in the patients with pathologically positive axillary nodes, 48.3%.
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PMID:Ten-year results of the treatment of primary operable breast carcinoma: A summary of 304 patients evaluated by the TNM system. 97 86

Based on clinicopathological observations of 91 female patients with breast cancer in Miyagi Prefecture, TNM stage, histologic type, grade of infiltrative growth tendency (INV), vessel involvement, lymph node metastasis, nuclear grade and sinus histiocytosis were assessed in relation to prognosis. Follow-up studies indicated that 73.6% of the patients survived more than five years after operation. Among the factors submitted to histologic evaluation, nuclear grade, INF, vessel involvement and lymph node metastasis were apparently correlated to prognosis, while sinus histiocytosis was not significantly related to it, except for patients with positive nodes.
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PMID:Significant prognostic factors in breast cancer of Japanese women: special reference to nuclear grade and sinus histiocytosis. 98 33

The growth rate of a mammary cancer can be calculated when a recurrence appears in the mastectomy scar. Growth rate can, at times, be approximated from the patient's history with reasonable accuracy. Approximately half of breast cancers exhibit rapid growth (tumor doubling time (Td), up to 25 days); one-third grow at an intermediate rate (Td 26 to 75 days) and 15% grow slowly (Td 76 days or longer). Anatomic (TNM) staging does not define a homogeneous patient group in breast cancer. Within each stage, there are rapid, intermediate, and slow-growing tumors. The prognosis varies importantly with the growth rate characteristics of the tumor. Survival is the product of the tumor doubling time and the number of tumor doublings through which the patient lives. Slowly growing and intermediate growth rate tumors are associated with a high percentage of 5-year survivors after mastectomy (between 80 and 100%). Rapidly growing tumors have few 5-year survivors. When survival after mastectomy is measured in the number of tumor doublings, the differences in survival of the three groups tended to disappear, indicating that in this select group of patients with scar recurrence there was no therapeutic advantage in any of the three groups, despite the differences in the survival times. The appreciable number of patients with tumors exhibiting slow or intermediate growth rates, in any series, suggests that the use of the 5-year interval is an inadequate measure of therapeutic response in breast cancer and may actually be misleading.
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PMID:Breast cancer--influence of growth rate on prognosis and treatment evaluation: a study based on mastectomy scar recurrences. 99 Oct 96


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