Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients with locally advanced refractory breast cancer have been treated with recombinant leucocyte interferon ( rIFN -alpha A) for up to 12 weeks. Toxicity was considerable with the initial dosage schedule employed but became acceptable after reducing the starting dose by 50%. Minor side effects occurred in all patients and major CNS toxicity in six. Nine patients showed some evidence of tumour regression at 4 weeks. Only two of these were still responding at 12 weeks. Response was unrelated to the length of previous history, oestrogen receptor status or previous responsiveness to cytotoxic or hormone therapy.
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PMID:Recombinant interferon in advanced breast cancer. 672 9

Eighty-one patients with a variety of refractory disseminated malignant neoplasms have been treated in the first multiple fixed-dose phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFL-rA). Each patient received IFL-rA by intramuscular injection, three times weekly for 28 days. Dosages were escalated in different patients from 1 to 136 x 10(6) units per injection. The toxic reactions seen with IFL-rA resembled those of nonrecombinant leukocyte interferon and included fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, myalgia, headache, occasional nausea and vomiting, and dose-dependent reversible leukopenia and hepatic transaminase elevations. The pharmacokinetics of IFL-rA were also comparable with nonrecombinant leukocyte interferon. Objective evidence of antitumor activity was seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, and melanoma, indicating that IFL-rA, the first genetically engineered biological response modifier available for testing in cancer patients, is biologically active in vivo.
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PMID:A multiple-dose phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in cancer patients. 675 47

The activity of HuIFN-alpha 2 produced in bacteria has been compared with that of HuIFN-alpha from Namalwa cells (HuIFN-alpha N) as an antiviral (against EMC virus) and antiproliferative agent in normal and malignant cultured human breast cells. The IFN preparations show the same spectrum of antiviral and antiproliferative activity in the human cell strains and lines examined, and are equally effective, when comparable amounts of IFN protein are used. Both interferon preparations inhibit virus growth (EMC) in four types of bovine cells but neither inhibit the growth of these cells. HuIFN-alpha 2 and HuIFN-alpha N can also be shown to effectively inhibit the growth of a transplantable human breast cancer, grown as xenografts in the nude mouse, although the amounts of IFN protein required may not be the same for both preparations.
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PMID:Effects of HuIFN-alpha 2 and HuIFN-alpha (Namalwa) on breast cancer cells grown in culture and as xenografts in the nude mouse. 675 28

The effects of chemotherapy for lung metastasis in 284 cancer patients using various anti-tumor drugs, including classic ones and modern active agents for the past 18 years, were presented. Lung metastasis for lung cancer was excluded. The response was achieved in cervical carcinoma of the uterus (17/62, 27%), endometrial carcinoma of the uterus (1/7, 14%), colorectal cancer (6/39, 15%), breast cancer (5/28, 18%) and stomach cancer (4/28, 14%). A high response was achieved in myosarcoma (5/12, 42%), testicular cancer (5/11, 45%) and also in ovarian cancer (3/10, 30%). Though there were few cases, a high response was achieved in malignant melanoma (2/3), choriocarcinoma (2/4) and esophageal cancer (1/3). In total patients the response rate was 20%. In these cases a complete response was achieved in 4 cervical cancers; one testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer and renal cancer, respectively. However, the effect was temporary and no longterm survivor was observed except for one case of renal cancer treated continuously with interferon (3 X 10(6) units daily) and showing complete remission after 7 months of therapy. The effect of chemotherapy for lung metastasis was compared between nodular metastasis (NM) and lymphagiosis carcinomatosa (LC). In cervical carcinoma of the uterus, the response rate in NM (39%) was higher than in LC (11%). However, no difference was observed in breast cancer (NM 15%, LC 13%) nor in stomach cancer (NM 13%, LC 18%).
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for metastatic lung cancer]. 687 21

Eleven patients with metastasized breast cancer received 8 intramuscular injections of 6 x 10(6) units of human fibroblast interferon over a period of 40 days. The injections did not cause local irritation or inflammation. Fever occurred in only 1 of the 11 patients. Although several types of metastases were monitored, only skin nodules consistently (10 out of 11 patients) exhibited changes that were suggestive of a therapeutic effect of the treatment regimen: either a simple decrease in size of some nodules or central necrosis accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. NK-activity of peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly increased after administration of the first dose; the effect of subsequent injections was less clear. Receptors for estrogens and progestogens were increased in the tumor biopsies of 2 out of 2 and 5 out of 6 patients tested respectively.
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PMID:Administration of fibroblast interferon to patients with advanced breast cancer: possible effects on skin metastasis and on hormone receptors. 689 42

Natural cytotoxicity was studied before surgery or other treatment in 83 women with primary, untreated breast cancer. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and cytotoxicity of regional lymph node cell(s) (RLNC) were examined in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay against the target cell K-562. Results indicated that greater than one-third of breast cancer patients have more negative lymphocyte cytotoxic activity toward K-562 than do the other two-thirds. Similar results were observed for PBL of 25 patients found to have benign breast lesions. Of these patients, 23 had fibrocystic disease. The difference between these findings and findings with normal control lymphocytes studied in parallel was highly significant (P less than 0.001). The study of RLNC cytotoxicity in patients with breast cancer showed that 25% of the patients' RLNC had significant natural cytotoxic activity toward K-562. Incubation of RLNC with interferon in vitro before addition of labeled K-562 cells did not induce cytotoxicity in RLNC that did not have this activity initially.
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PMID:Natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and regional lymph node cells in breast cancer in women. 694 30

In the past two decades interferons have undergone extensive phase I and II evaluations in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. This article reviews the experience, obtained from preclinical and clinical studies, about the clinical rationale efficacy and toxicity of interferons in cancer treatment. In particular, we examine the preclinical experience in which antineoplastic activity of interferon against breast cancer has been demonstrated. Finally we discuss clinical data accumulated using interferon-alpha, interferon-beta and lymphoblastoid interferon alone or in combination in metastatic breast cancer patients. The use of the interferons in the treatment of breast cancer remains investigational and the optimal scheduling undetermined. New methods of administration may maximize the antitumor effects in order to better understand the role of interferon in clinical oncology.
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PMID:Interferons in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. 751 12

We investigated the antiproliferative effect of different concentrations (10, 100, 1000 IU/ml) of alpha-, beta- and gamma-interferons (IFN) on breast cancer cell lines. Cell lines were treated with IFN, in the absence or in the presence of estradiol for 9 days, and the effect on growth was evaluated as variation in DNA content. Inhibitory effect varied as a function of the type of interferon and cell line. Alpha-IFN and gamma-IFN were effective only at 1000 IU/ml and not in all cell lines, whereas a maximum effect was observed for beta-IFN regardless of the steroid receptor status of cell lines. In fact, a significant growth inhibition was observed at the intermediate concentration of 100 IU/ml in all but MDA-MB231 cell lines. Moreover, in both estrogen-receptor positive cell lines, beta-IFN counteracted growth stimulation induced by estradiol and showed a strong antiestrogenic activity. In conclusion, our results show that beta-IFN is the most active among the IFNs tested and suggest its usefulness in the treatment of all breast cancers, irrespective of their steroid receptor status.
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PMID:The effect of alpha-, beta- and gamma-interferon on the growth of breast cancer cell lines. 753 12

Based on the additive or synergistic antiproliferative effect of interferon and tamoxifen on breast cancer cell lines and on preclinical and clinical data on retinoids alone and in combination with antiestrogen or interferon, we designed a pilot phase II study to test the toxicity of simultaneous administration of interferon-beta (IFN-beta), retinoids (R), and tamoxifen (TAM) and the efficacy of this combination as salvage therapy in a group of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A total of 49 stage IV breast cancer patients, 11 pretreated with hormones, 26 with chemotherapy, and 12 with both, received 30 mg TAM and two dose levels of IFN-beta and retinyl palmitate. Among 49 evaluable patients, 27 achieved a clinical response (55%; 95% CI 41-69%), 10 had stable disease (20%), and in 12 (25%) the disease progressed. Toxicity with both dose levels was moderate and mainly hepatic. Median response duration, not statistically different in estrogen receptor-positive and negative patients, was 31.4 months (range 4.9-67). Median overall survival was 19.2 months (range 2-69). We have shown that long-term administration of TAM, IFN-beta, and retinyl palmitate is feasible with moderate toxicity. We have also demonstrated that this regimen is active in pretreated MBC patients and that responses are not influenced by receptor status.
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PMID:Interferon-beta, retinoids, and tamoxifen in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: a phase II study. 755 30

44 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with high-dose epirubicin (130 mg/sqm), because of its steep dose-response curve. Lonidamine and alpha interferon were administered as well with the aim of increasing epirubicin uptake and overcoming drug resistance. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor support was provided. 14 complete responses and 22 partial responses were observed in 40 evaluable patients for a 90% overall response rate. Median duration of response was 12 months for complete responders, 7 months for partial responders. In two cases the complete response has lasted for more than two years. Myelosuppression, infection, and cardiac toxicity were the main treatment-related toxic effects. These results are encouraging enough to justify a randomized comparison of our chemotherapy program with standard regimens used in advanced breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995 Sep
PMID:Phase II study of high-dose epirubicin, lonidamine, alpha 2b interferon in advanced breast cancer. 757 94


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