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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antiserum to purified human alpha-lactalbumin was produced in rabbits and used to develop a radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 0.1 ng of alpha-lactalbumin per ml of sample. Human breast diseases were analyzed for alpha-lactalbumin levels. A high percentage of breast carcinomas contained varying levels of alpha-lactalbumin. Lymph node metastases from primary carcinomas that synthesized alpha-lactalbumin also contained it. Analysis of serum from breast cancer patients indicated that approximately 25 percent had measurable levels of alpha-lactalbumin before surgery, but no alpha-lactalbumin was found in postsurgery sera. alpha-Lactalbumin was not detected in the urine of early lactational women, although it was present in the sera. Human cell culture lines derived from pleural effusions of mammary carcinomas contained little, if any, alpha-lactalbumin. Other human cell lines derived from mammary carcinomas and grown as solid tumors in athymic mice did not contain measurable levels of alpha-lactalbumin.
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PMID:alpha-Lactalbumin levels in human mammary tumors, sera, and mammary cell culture lines. 20 Mar 51

In 117 women with breast cancer, breast size, tumour size, suspicion of malignancy and clinical stage (Columbia Clinical Classification) were assessed clinically by palpation. Tumour size, degree of differentiation, malignancy grading (Ackerman), co-existent cystic fibroadenosis and axillary node metastases were assessed histopathologically. Differentiation was also assessed cytologically. There was good agreement between clinical and pathological measurements of tumour size. Ackerman's histopathological grading of malignancy correlated with the other criteria better than some other systems of malignancy grading. A higher histopathological malignancy grade was found in larger tumours and older patients. There was no clear relationship between cytological and histopathological malignancy grading. Lymph node metastases occurred three times more often in large breasts than in small ones, in spite of relatively slight differences in tumour size. Cancers in breast with cystic fibroadenosis were smaller, less malignant histopathologically and had fewer lymph node metastases than cancers in breasts without cystic fibroadenosis. "Definite cancer" on palpation was more often associated with a highly malignant tumour than a less suspected palpatory finding.
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PMID:Clinical findings in relation to morphology in breast carcinoma. 118 80

The patient's age, tumour size, histological type and degree of differentiation as well as involvement of axillary lymph nodes are decisive for prognosis and therapy of breast cancer. Moreover these parameters reflect the achievement of early diagnosis and the surgical standard of treatment of breast carcinomas. Therefore we retrospectively reviewed 1510 cases diagnosed from 1984-1987. Non-invasive carcinomas were diagnosed in 4%. 75% of them were classified as intraductal carcinoma and 25% as lobular carcinoma in situ. 96% of the tumours were invasive at time of diagnosis. Invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS-type) was found in 70.2%, invasive lobular carcinoma in 12.3%. 3.2% of the tumours showed both ductal and lobular differentiation and 2.3% corresponded to invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominantly intraductal component. Medullary and mucinous carcinomas were detected in 2.1% and 2% of cases, respectively. Papillary carcinomas were observed in 0.9%, the frequency of other histological types was less than 1%. 44% of the tumours corresponded to UICC-category pT1, 38% to pT2, 6% to pT3 and 8% to pT4. A meaningful correlation of tumour size and axillary lymph node involvement was possible in only 906 cases, in which 10 or more lymph nodes were verified histologically. Lymph node metastases were detected in 23% of tumour category pT1 and in 47% of category pT2. PT3- and pT4-tumours metastasized to axillary lymph nodes in 77 and 86% of cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Breast cancer in the catchment area of the Graz Institute of Pathology. Evaluation of morphologic parameters based on 1,510 cases]. 133 34

HMFG1 tumour associated monoclonal antibody IgG1 and F(ab')2 fragments were radiolabelled with indium-111 and used to study patients with breast cancer. In vitro and in vivo stability of the radiolabelled antibodies was shown to be satisfactory. Thirty patients with primary breast cancer underwent tumour resection and quantitative evaluation of the radioactivity in the tumour and normal tissues following administration of specific and non-specific antibodies. The mean tumour uptake of HMFG1 F(ab')2 fragments at 24 h was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the intact IgG but at 48 h there was no difference. The mean tumour uptake with the specific antibody was higher than the non-specific antibody of the same subclass (P less than 0.05). Lymph node metastases showed higher antibody uptake than the corresponding primary tumours (P less than 0.05). Fifteen patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer were investigated by external body scintigraphy using HMFG1 F(ab')2 fragments. Successful localisation was observed in approximately 50% of the primary and metastatic lesions with no false positive results. All the patients had observable concentration of 111In in the liver (20% of the injected dose), the kidneys and the spleen. Following i.v. administration, F(ab')2 fragments cleared from the blood more rapidly than the intact IgG. We conclude that HMFG1 F(ab')2 fragments can localise specifically and faster than intact IgG in breast cancer but the sensitivity of the radioimmunoscintigraphy is relatively low. This method needs further improvement before becoming clinically useful for detecting and staging breast cancer.
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PMID:Kinetics, quantitative analysis and radioimmunolocalization using indium-111-HMFG1 monoclonal antibody in patients with breast cancer. 273 31

Reviewing the axillar lymph node status in 196 consecutive breast cancer patients and comparing clinical assessment to pathological findings, the author found an overall erroneous appraisal of 39% with 45% false negative and 29% false positive cases. In more than 15% of the cases there were skip metastases. In the T1 group, stratification to the greatest diameter of the tumor gave a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between axillar LNI in tumours smaller or equal to 1 cm and those with a diameter between 1 and 2 cm. Lymph node metastases in the interpectoral space is extremely rare (less than 0.5%) and always macroscopic. Axillar lymph nodes were always invaded in T4 tumours. The author warns against clinical studies based upon clinical assessment of the axillar lymph node status. He advocates a complete axillar lymph node dissection in all cases. He suggests that the T1 classification should be restricted to tumours with a diameter smaller or equal to 1 cm.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of axillar lymph nodes compared to surgical and pathological findings. 370 22

A range of primary and metastatic human breast carcinomas has been examined with respect to the staining by four monoclonal antibodies which were raised to the human milk fat globule membrane. Within the normal breast the luminal epithelial cells expressing the antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies were heterogeneous in their distribution. The heterogeneity was not only confined to single cells, but also to regions within the breast. The breast carcinomas also expressed the antigens in a variable manner. Morphological differentiation and functional differentiation, defined by the monoclonal antibodies, were not invariably coincident. Lymph node metastases gave similar results to the primary carcinomas. The monoclonal antibodies have revealed a heterogeneity, with respect to surface antigenic expression, within the normal and neoplastic breast epithelium. This cellular heterogeneity of breast carcinomas, may have significant prognostic and therapeutic implications in the management of primary breast cancer.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to the human mammary gland. II. Distribution of determinants in breast carcinomas. 617 68

As part of a detailed study of prognostic factors in breast cancer, we have analyzed the ten year survival rates of 524 patients with primary invasive carcinomas 2.0 cm or less in diameter (T1). This report describes the subset of 142 patients (27%) who had metastases only in axillary lymph nodes (T1N1M0). All the patients were treated initially by at least a modified radical mastectomy. Factors associated with a significantly poorer prognosis were: axillary lymph node metastases suspected on clinical examination; perimenopausal menstrual status at diagnosis; tumor larger than 1.0 cm; prominent lymphoid reaction; infiltrating duct or lobular rather than medullary, colloid and tubular carcinoma; and blood vessel invasion. When compared with those patients with negative nodes (T1N0M0), the patients with one or more lymph node metastases had a significantly poorer prognosis. Generally, survival rates tended to diminish as the number of involved lymph nodes increased. In this respect, comparison of patients with one-three and four or more nodal metastases provided a significant discrimination of prognostic groups in the entire series. However, for patients with disease limited to Level I, the same discrimination was obtained comparing those with one-two and three or more positive nodes. In the subset with a single lymph node metastasis, the size of the metastasis (micro or less than or equal to 2 mm vs macro or greater than 2 mm) was not significantly related to prognosis. Lymph node metastases were significantly less frequent among tumors smaller than 1 cm and special tumor types (medullary, colloid, lobular and tubular). However, no factor proved to be a reliable predictor of the presence of axillary metastases for the single largest group consisting of patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma 1-2 cm in diameter.
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PMID:Prognosis in stage II (T1N1M0) breast cancer. 627 Oct 83

In Shasta Country, California an assessment was made of the hormone-binding status of malignant tissue removed from 28 mastectomy patients who smoked and 50 mastectomy patient who did not smoke. The tumors fo 68% of the nonsmokers were estrogen receptive positive while only 39% of the tumors from smokers were estrogen receptive positive (P .03). Lymph node metastases occurred among 50% of the smokers and only 32% of the nonsmokers (P 0.1). The tumors of 12 of the smokers an of an equal number of nonsmokers were assessed for progesterone receptive protein. Tumors of 8 of the nonsmokers and of only 1 of the smokers were progesterone receptive positive. Previous studies have demonstrated that malignant breast tumors which are estrogen receptive negative tend to reoccur sooner and to be less responsive to hormonal therapy than estrogen receptive positive tumors. These studies, in combination with the results of the present study, suggest ed that smokers with breast cancer may fare less well than nlnsmokers with breast cancer. Further research is needed to 1) clarify the nature of the observed relationship; 2) determine if smoking temporarily or permanently impairs the hormone-binding capacity of malignant cells; and 3) determine if smoking impairs the estrogen receptivity of nonmalignant cells.
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PMID:Estrogen receptors, breast cancer, and smoking. 737 13

The relationship between nuclear DNA ploidy pattern and cytological atypia in aspiration cytology of breast cancer was studied in 40 cases of primary breast cancers (T1: 14 cases; T2: 26 cases). They were divided into two groups, according to cytological specimens, high degree (H group) and low degree (L group). Twelve of 40 cases were classified into H group and 28 cases into L group. Fresh frozen materials were obtained from mastectomy specimens and nuclear DNA analysis was carried out by flow cytometry (FCM). Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor were measured with the DCC method. Lymph node metastases were histologically seen in 17 cases; the ER positive rate was 55.0%, and the PgR positive rate was 42.5%. FCM revealed 21 cases (52.5%) with diploidy pattern and 19 cases (47.5%) with aneuploidy pattern. S-phase fraction in 17 cases (48.6%) exceeded 20%. L group had more diploid cases and ER positive cases than H group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). No differences in other factors were seen between the two groups. In diploid cases, L group had more ER positive cases than H group (p < 0.02).
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PMID:[Nuclear DNA ploidy pattern and cytological atypia in aspiration cytology of breast cancer]. 848 91

In many developed and developing countries including Pakistan, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Among 4575 women presenting to the Cancer Research Foundation of Pakistan between 1987 and 1994 with breast lumps, 1201 (26%) were found to have breast cancer. Their ages ranged from 19 to 79 years. The peak incidence was in the 30 to 39 age group. Most patients were multiparous with an average of five children. The size of the tumor was greater than 5 cm in 66% of the cases. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common morphological type. According to the Bloom and Richardson grading system, 58% of cases were grade III. Lymph node metastases were present in 73% of the cases.
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PMID:Breast carcinoma in Pakistani women. 921 16


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