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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen receptor (ER) in human breast cancer tissues was demonstrated in paraffin sections as well as in frozen sections by immunoperoxidase methods using monoclonal antibody (H222) against ER. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was used for the paraffin sections fixed in cold buffered formalin, and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used for the fixed frozen sections. The results were compared with the ER content in the respective tumor tissue determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay. The specific staining for ER was located exclusively in the nuclei of cancer cells in both paraffin and frozen sections. Differences in the intensity and distribution of nuclear staining within a section were often observed, suggesting heterogeneity of the ER content of individual breast cancer cells. In 24 breast cancer tissues studied simultaneously by both paraffin and frozen section methods, 21 (88%) showed similar evaluation of the presence of ER. The results of immunocytochemical staining agreed with those of the dextran-coated charcoal assay in 89 (82%) of the 109 paraffin-sectioned tumor tissues and in 24 (86%) of the 28 frozen-sectioned tissues, indicating that ER can be demonstrated immunocytochemically by use of paraffin as well as frozen sections.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical staining of estrogen receptor in paraffin sections of human breast cancer by use of monoclonal antibody: comparison with that in frozen sections. 386 Aug 24

New agents with increased activity and/or reduced toxicity are needed for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The anthracene derivatives mitoxantrone and bisantrene had significant activity and acceptable toxicity in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 patients with advanced breast cancer to either doxorubicin (60 mg/m2), mitoxantrone (14 mg/m2) or bisantrene (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of these three agents. To be eligible, patients must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive patients must have failed endocrine therapy. Patients with CHF or severe cardiac disease were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 patients are evaluable for response and 110 for toxicity. Median age for all patients is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the patients have visceral dominant disease. Estrogen receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of patients. Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm (doxorubicin 9/35, mitoxantrone 6/38, bisantrene 6/44). Thirty-two patients are evaluable for cross-over response (doxorubicin 2/13, mitoxantrone 1/11, bisantrene 0/8). The predominant toxicity is leukopenia with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. Leukopenia is similar with the three drugs. Significant nausea, vomiting and alopecia are common with doxorubicin and uncommon with the other agents. Congestive heart failure has been observed in one patient (doxorubicin). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and toxicity of these agents await the completion of this trial.
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PMID:A randomized trial of doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and bisantrene in advanced breast cancer (a South West Oncology Group Study). 389 77

The aims of this study were as follows: to confirm that the presence of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors is an indicator of clinical behavior of human breast cancer independent of other known prognostic factors; to seek clinical correlates of those receptor values that best predict the overall disease evolution; and to determine the relative prognostic importance of PgR versus ER. The clinical records of 547 patients, the follow-up of some extending to 6 years, were analyzed in retrospect. Patients were placed into one of four disease stages and also in three groups according to the degree of axillary node involvement. In each group the prognostic value of receptors for patient survival, disease-free interval and, in case of metastasis or local recurrence, the response to endocrine treatment or chemotherapy were studied. The break point in the spectrum of receptor concentrations with regard to survival, disease-free interval, and response to treatment was greater than or equal to 20 for ER+, greater than or equal to 15 for PgR+, and less than 5 for both ER- and PgR- reported in fmol/mg protein. Survival and disease-free interval showed positive correlations with ER and PgR (P less than 0.001-less than 0.0003). When disease stage or node involvement were considered, these correlations were found essentially in Stage II and node involvement in more than three nodes, where patients had longer survival and disease-free interval if ER and PgR were positive (P less than 0.05-less than 0.0003). Estrogen receptor was a more sensitive prognostic indicator than PgR, and the combination ER+/PgR+ showed a correlation equivalent to ER+/PgR-. The correct prediction percentages of the response of patients to endocrine treatment were 77% if ER+, 69% if PgR+, and 79% if both ER+ and PgR+. However, the correct prediction percentage of the response to chemotherapy was of 50%. These results show that ER and PgR are prognostic factors for survival and disease-free interval mainly on patients at Stage II and node involvement of greater than three, with ER demonstrating a better predictive value than PgR. The measurement of these receptors provides a prognostic index for response to endocrine therapy but is without value in predicting the response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:The predictive value of estrogen and progesterone receptors' concentrations on the clinical behavior of breast cancer in women. Clinical correlation on 547 patients. 394 40

Three monoclonal antibodies--H59, H71, and H72--which react with human breast cancers have been developed using the estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-1, as the immunogen. H59 bound only to estrogen receptor-positive, estrogen-regulated breast cancer cells in culture, whereas H71 and H72 bound breast cancer cells irrespective of the estrogen receptor content. All three antibodies have minimal cross-reactivity with non-breast tissue culture cell lines. The three antigens appear to be glycoproteins located on the cell surface. H59 and H72 antigens bound preferentially to the apical surface of duct cells and may be secreted; H71 antigen demonstrated no evidence of an apical orientation or secretion. The binding of the antibodies to fixed cryosections from 152 breast cancer and 111 benign breast disease specimens has been evaluated using a radioimmunoassay. Eighty-five % of breast cancer and almost 100% of benign disease specimens were bound by at least one antibody. H59 bound 39%, H71 bound 51%, and H72 bound 65% of cancer specimens. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor analyses were obtained on 141 specimens. H59 bound almost exclusively to tumor specimens which contained estrogen and/or progesterone receptor, but not to all receptor-positive tumors. Therefore, the H59 antigen appeared to be present on a subset of estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Considering that it bound only to estrogen-regulated cells in culture, the antigen may be estrogen regulated, and its presence may predict a response to hormone therapy. H71 and H72 recognized cell surface differentiation antigens but bound tumor specimens regardless of the receptor content. These antibodies may be useful as independent variables for predicting response to therapy and prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Relationship of monoclonal antibody binding to estrogen and progesterone receptor content in breast cancer. 396 48

Combined chemohormonal therapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Stage IV breast cancer. Between 1977 and 1979, the authors evaluated a new chemohormonal therapy program in 63 evaluable women with advanced breast cancer who previously had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy or tamoxifen. The chemohormonal therapy consisted of 21- to 28-day cycles of tamoxifen (10 mg orally twice daily), Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (40 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 orally on days 3-6) (TAC). Objective responses were observed in 82% of the patients (22% complete response, 60% partial response). With a median follow-up of 104 weeks (2 years), the median relapse-free survival for the 52 responding patients was 80 weeks. The median survival for the entire group of 63 patients was 118 weeks. Eleven pretreatment patient characteristics were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analysis to determine their effect on response and survival. Prognostic factors with a significant association with longer survivals were as follows: a lack of soft tissue involvement, a lack of pleural involvement, and a long disease-free interval (DFI). Estrogen receptor (ER)-unknown patients, being composed primarily of postmenopausal patients with a long DFI and single-organ involvement (primarily bone), comprised 62% of the patient population and achieved a survival similar to the smaller number of ER-positive patients and was superior to the survival of ER-negative patients. Toxicities were recorded on all patients and overall the treatment was well tolerated. Combined chemohormonal therapy with TAC resulted in a high objective response rate and a long median survival. This study would support additional trials of chemohormonal therapy in patients with ER-positive tumors or in those whose tumors are likely to be ER-positive (e.g., postmenopausal patients with long DFIs).
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PMID:Chemohormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC). 401 69

Data from the 1982 breast cancer survey of the American College of Surgeons were used to evaluate factors related to clinical, epidemiologic, and survival differences between black and white patients. Breast cancer in blacks was not discovered as early as in whites. Distribution of pathologic types of tumors were similar for both races with the exception of medullary carcinoma, which was more frequent in blacks than in whites. Estrogen receptor-positive tumors were found significantly less frequently in blacks compared with whites. Survival was better for whites compared with blacks within each axillary nodes group 0, 1 to 3, and 4+. Black women with negative or positive estrogen receptors had lower survival rates than white women of the same receptor status. A regression analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model showed race, clinical stage or axillary nodal status, age at diagnosis, and estrogen receptor status as significant predictors of survival. Significant differences between black and white patients were also observed with respect to the report of family history of breast cancer, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, and age at cessation of menses.
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PMID:Race-related differences in breast cancer patients. Results of the 1982 national survey of breast cancer by the American College of Surgeons. 402 1

To compare estrogen and progesterone receptor values between biopsy and mastectomy specimens, we prospectively studied 29 patients with breast cancer treated by incisional biopsy followed by mastectomy. The average tumor size was 5.4 +/- 0.5 cm and the mean age was 57.6 +/- 3.0 years. Nine patients were premenopausal and 20 were postmenopausal. Biopsies were performed without electrocautery, and tissue samples were promptly frozen and subsequently assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. After mastectomy, samples of residual tumor were excised from the biopsy site, promptly frozen, and assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. Operating time averaged 87.7 +/- 6.0 minutes. Estrogen receptor levels averaged 100.0 +/- 24.4 femtomole per mg on biopsy specimens and 29.5 +/- 8.2 fmol/mg on mastectomy specimens, representing a 70% decline (p less than 0.02). Of clinical significance is the fact that eight of 29 (27.6%) tumors changed from positive estrogen receptor values in the biopsy specimen to negative (four) and borderline (four) in the mastectomy specimens. Progesterone receptor levels were more variable, but their mean value decreased by 24.4% from 17.6 +/- 6.4 fmol/mg on biopsy samples to 13.3 +/- 4.3 fmol/mg on mastectomy samples (p, not significant). We conclude that the biopsy specimen is usually a more reliable indicator of hormonal receptor status than the mastectomy specimen and recommend that incisional or excisional biopsy specimens be taken for estrogen and progesterone receptor assays before mastectomy.
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PMID:Effect of operative devascularization on estrogen and progesterone receptor levels in breast cancer specimens. 404 50

Estrogen receptor (ER) was measured in 275 samples from 170 patients with breast cancer by DCC assay. The results showed that the ER status and content of cytosol separated by ultracentrifuge (105,000 X G) or orthocentrifuge (1,200 X G) confirmed well (P greater than 0.5). Therefore, the ordinary centrifuge is suitable. But there was a poor correlation between the ER level measured by DCC method and that by Lee's cytochemical method (P greater than 0.05). The store time of the sample in liquid nitrogen did not seem to effect much on the ER positive rate (chi 2 = 0.7686). The ER status in samples obtained from the primary or metastatic lesion or at different intervals were generally similar in the same patient (P greater than 0.2). It is suggested that the ER status be an inherent property of patients with breast cancer. The authors propose that more samples be taken in order to render the determination more reliable.
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PMID:[The influence and significance of obtaining, storing and assay on estrogen receptor (ER) content in breast cancer tissue]. 409 77

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations were measured in the tumours of 399 cases of primary breast carcinoma. Histological type and histological grading was also analysed. The correlation between survival and histological grading was observed and found to be of high significance statistically. Longer survival of patients with ER- and/or PR-positive tumours was also observed, but the ER and PR prognostic value did not reach the same magnitude as histological alone. The prognostic accuracy in breast cancer, when histological grading, ER and PR were used together, failed to reach statistically significant values. A lower proportion of ER- and PR-positive tumours were found in histological grade III. The majority of the tumours belonging to specific histological variants of carcinoma were ER- and/or PR-positive. Relationships between ER, PR, menopausal status, and age were also noted. It was apparent that the prognostic value of PR concentrations in the tumour was more relevant than that of ER alone.
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PMID:Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: relationships to tumour histopathology and survival of patients. 609 59

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by sucrose gradient centrifugation before and after various therapies, such as radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The subjects were 18 advanced or recurrent human breast cancers and 51 DMBA-induced mammary tumors of female SD rats. Changes of hormone receptors and the relationship between receptor levels and the effects of the therapies were examined. Changes of tumor cellularity were also studied in human breast cancers. Some ER-positive tumors changed into ER-negative and others did not. Most ER-negative tumors did not change in ER status. In the responsive cases, receptor levels tended to decline more remarkably and the cellularity of human breast cancer decreased.
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PMID:[Changes of hormone receptor status in various treatment for human breast cancer and DMBA tumor of the rat]. 623 34


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