Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report, we have identified, sequenced, and characterized the expression pattern of a novel human gene, mammaglobin B. Mammaglobin B (MGB2) is highly homologous to mammaglobin (MGB1), a previously characterized human gene whose expression is limited to the mammary epithelium and frequently up-regulated in human breast cancer cells. Based upon amino acid sequence similarities, both mammaglobin and mammaglobin B may be considered members of a larger, mammalian multigene family that includes rabbit uteroglobin, human Clara Cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), and the multimeric rat prostatein protein. Together with the human CC10 gene, mammaglobin and mammaglobin B are closely linked on human chromosome 11q13. However, despite their primary sequence similarity and close chromosomal proximity, the expression of mammaglobin and mammaglobin B is nonconcordant in both nonmalignant and neoplastic tissue.
 ...
PMID:Identification of mammaglobin B, a novel member of the uteroglobin gene family. 980 31

The aim of this study was to search for specific and sensitive mRNA markers or a combination of markers for RT-PCR detection of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with breast cancer. LNs (n=177) from 17 patients were examined with Cytokeratin20 (CK20), melanoma-associated genes (MAGE1, MAGE3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), mammaglobin (MGB1) and mammaglobin B (MGB2) as molecular markers. CK20, MAGE1 and MAGE3 were slightly positive in primary tumors and CEA, PSA, MGB1 and MGB2 were highly positive. MGB1 and MGB2 were 100% positive in HE-positive LNs while CEA and PSA were only 35.7% and 57.1% positive. MGB1 and MGB2 were also 30.1% and 17.8% positive in HE-negative nodes. Thus, MGB1 and MGB2 are specific and a combination of the two should be useful for detection of micrometastases in axillary LNs of breast cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:Selection of mRNA markers for detection of lymph node micrometastases in breast cancer patients. 1076 68

Mammaglobin (SCGB2A2) is a breast-specific member of the secretoglobin (SCGB) gene family. SCGB2A2 has previously been found overexpressed in breast tumors but possible associations between its expression and established prognostic tumor characteristics such as the levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors have not yet been investigated. We evaluated SCGB2A2 expression at the mRNA and at the protein level by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry in 52 and 32 breast tumors, respectively. Both SCGB2A2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in estrogen-receptor-positive compared to estrogen-receptor-negative tumors (Mann- Whitney rank sum test, p = 0.04; chi-square test, p = 0.01; respectively). In contrast, SCGB2A2 expression did not correlate with progesterone receptor levels or Nottingham grade. As estrogen and antiestrogen treatment of estrogen-positive breast cancer cell lines does not modify SCGB2A2 expression we suggest that SCGB2A2 may be a new independent breast cancer prognostic marker.
 ...
PMID:Relationship between mammaglobin expression and estrogen receptor status in breast tumors. 1451 9

We describe a new one-step RT-PCR assay for the detection of the mammaglobin (MGB1) gene transcript in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. With this approach, the MGB1 transcript could be detected in the peripheral blood of 22 of 54 (41%) breast cancer patients prior to any therapy. This method, using specific primers for cDNA synthesis, proved to be more sensitive (10(-6) to 10(-11), usually 10(-7)) than previously reported methodologies. This increased sensitivity was achieved without compromising specificity, as the MGB1 transcript was not detected in 38 blood samples of healthy donors and in only 1 of 18 blood samples of patients presenting with hematologic malignancies. A positive correlation was seen between MGB1 positivity and breast cancer stage: 0/3 (0%) in stage 0, 3/13 (23%) in stage I, 6/17 (35%) in stage II, 5/10 (50%) in stage III, 8/11 (73%) in stage IV (p = 0.003). The prognostic and therapeutic implications of MGB1 positivity by one-step RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, especially in clinically localized disease (stages I and II), should be evaluated after long-term clinical follow-up of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Highly sensitive detection of the MGB1 transcript (mammaglobin) in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. 1469 25

The risk of developing second primary cancers is increased in patients with breast cancer. The lung is one of the major target organs, and therefore a differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic cancers is required for the treatment of lung tumors in patients with a history of breast cancer. However, biopsy specimens frequently result in small, fragmented tissues containing only a few, degenerated cancer cells. We attempted to find a useful marker for differential diagnosis, using the online SAGE database. We selected three molecules, small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM), prostate epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor (PDEF), and mammaglobin (MGB1), as potential markers for breast cancer. SBEM and PDEF proved of no use for practical differential diagnosis because they are expressed in the normal bronchus. In contrast, expression of MGB1 was detected in all 22 primary breast cancers, but not in 22 normal lung tissues. Furthermore, all 12 metastatic breast cancers examined demonstrated positive MGB1 transcripts, whereas one of 48 primary lung adenocarcinomas expressed MGB1. This suggests that MGB1 can serve as a differential molecular marker. In practice, prospective examination, using the nine cases with a history of breast cancer, confirmed the usefulness of MGB1 in differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Identification of MGB1 as a marker in the differential diagnosis of lung tumors in patients with a history of breast cancer by analysis of publicly available SAGE data. 1683 19

In the present study, we examined the expression of the mammaglobin genes, MGB1 and MGB2, in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of patients with breast cancer and compared our results with the histologic status of the same SLNs. Compared with immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 8, which detected metastases in 17 of 42 patients, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for MGB1 or MGB2 genes was positive in 22 patients. The concordance between the expression of any mammaglobin and histologic status was 79% (33/42), with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 72%. The detection of patients with metastases was more sensitive when testing for both MGB1 and MGB2 (P < .0001) rather than MGB2 (P < .0005) or MGB1 (P < .05) alone. The increased detection rate relative to histologic examination suggests that using RT-PCR for the mammaglobin genes might identify patients at higher risk compared with patients with negative RT-PCR results.
 ...
PMID:RT-PCR for mammaglobin genes, MGB1 and MGB2, identifies breast cancer micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes. 1515 Dec 3

Expression of secretoglobin family 2A member 2 (SCGB2A2, also known as mammaglobin-1) has been detected in a high percentage of primary and metastatic breast tumors, to a lesser extent in normal breast, but not in other normal tissues. Plasmid transfection studies in our lab and others, however, were unable to identify the genetic elements regulating this specificity. Here we demonstrate that a 25-kb DNA fragment derived from the human SCGB2A2 gene upstream of the protein coding sequence was highly active and preferentially expressed in breast cancer cells when introduced via a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector. HDAd delivery was selected for its high cloning capacity, its high efficiency of gene transfer, and the absence of cis-acting viral sequences that can potentially interfere with specificity of the inserted promoters. A series of vectors with deletions in the 25-kb fragment was constructed to identify important regulatory regions of the SCGB2A2 promoter. We have determined that elements controlling the specificity of expression reside within the first 345 bp upstream of the coding sequence. In addition, we identified a strong enhancer several kilobases upstream of this minimal promoter. We suggest that the SCGB2A2 promoter/enhancer should be particularly advantageous for gene therapy protocols involving oncolytic viruses or toxic gene transfer via adenovectors to mammary tumors.
 ...
PMID:The human SCGB2A2 (mammaglobin-1) promoter/enhancer in a helper-dependent adenovirus vector directs high levels of transgene expression in mammary carcinoma cells but not in normal nonmammary cells. 1545 60

The development of distant metastases is the major cause of death from breast cancer. In order to predict and prevent tumour spreading, many attempts are being made to detect small numbers of tumour cells that have shed from the primary lesions and have moved to lymph nodes, blood or bone marrow. This article presents the advantages and the limitations of techniques used for disseminated tumour cells (DTC) detection. DTC markers are listed and the most currently used of them (KRT19, CEACAM5, TACSTD1, MUC1, EGFR, ERBB2, SCGB2A2, SCGB2A1, SCGB1D2, PIP, SBEM, TFF1, TFF3, ANKRD30A, SPDEF, ESR1, SERPINB5 and GABRP) are discussed, notably on the basis of recent data on breast tumour portraits (luminal epithelial-like, basal/myoepithelial-like and ERBB2). The significance of DTC for the prognosis and prediction of response to therapy is examined. DTC viability, the notion of cell dormancy and the concept of breast cancer stem cells are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells. 1715 53

Previously, we used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to show that mammaglobin (MGB1) can serve as a differential marker of breast cancer metastasis from primary lung cancer. However, mRNA-based methods are not appropriate for use in clinical practices. In this study, we examined MGB1 protein expression in 480 tumors from various organs using immunohistochemical detection and a tissue microarray technique. Breast cancers expressing MGB1 were also analyzed clinicopathologically to determine whether these cancers constitute a characteristic subset. Immunohistochemically, MGB1 was expressed specifically in breast cancers. Of the other cancers examined, including 29 of the head and neck, eight of the thyroid, 106 of the lung, 35 of the gastrointestinal tract, three of the pancreas, 14 of the uterine cervix and 13 of the ovary, none were positive for MGB1 except a proportion of salivary gland tumors (6/11, 55%) and endometrial cancers (3/23, 13%). Among the 238 breast cancers, MGB1 was expressed in 114 (48%), most of which were classified histologically as invasive duct or lobular carcinomas. Clinicopathologically, MGB1 expression was associated with positive expression of estrogen receptors and negative expression of CK5, but not with pathological stage, HER2 gene amplification or p53 immunoreactivity. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed prolonged disease-free survival in patients with MGB1-positive breast cancers (log rank test, P=0.016), but the Cox proportional hazard model failed to confirm that MGB1 was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.77, P=0.1755). In terms of practical diagnosis, MGB1 immunohistochemistry can serve as a differential marker of breast cancer metastasis from primary lung cancer for two reasons. Firstly, HER2-positive breast cancer frequently lacks estrogen receptor expression, but MGB1 is expressed in about half of this subtype. Secondly, as primary lung adenocarcinomas may express estrogen receptors, MGB1 expression provides further discrimination of the origin of breast cancers.
 ...
PMID:Breast-specific expression of MGB1/mammaglobin: an examination of 480 tumors from various organs and clinicopathological analysis of MGB1-positive breast cancers. 1719 91

At the Centre Oscar Lambret, the anticancer centre of the North of France, sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedures are routinely performed for localized (T0-T1, N0, M0) breast carcinoma without any previous treatment, in order to prevent the deleterious effects of axillary lymph node dissection. The present study was undertaken to assess if the expression in the tumor of a panel of 19 genes would allow to predict histological SLN involvement. We looked at cytokeratin 19 (CK19), mucin-1 (MUC1), mammaglobin (MGB1), cyclin D1 (CCND1), the four members of the HER/ErbB growth factor receptor family (EGFR, HER2-4), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), estradiol receptors (ERalpha, ERbeta), progesterone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF, VEGF-C), urokinase-like plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2, MMP9), ets-related transcription factor ERM, and E-cadherin (CDH1). Their expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR in 134 breast cancer samples and the relationships with SLN metastases were analyzed. A slight increase (35-40%) in CK19 and HER3 expression was observed in the tumors of patients with SLN metastases compared to those of patients without metastases, even if neither CK19 expression nor HER3 expression allowed to distinguish patients with micrometastases from patients with macrometastases. We conclude that the tumoral expression of biological parameters involved in cell proliferation or playing a critical role in the metastatic process, including tumor invasion and angiogenesis, is not strongly associated with SLN metastases.
 ...
PMID:Real-time reverse-transcription PCR to quantify a panel of 19 genes in breast cancer: relationships with sentinel lymph node invasion. 1840 45


1 2 Next >>