Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors conducted a nationwide study of the occurrence of cancer among 8,093 Danish oral cleft cases born in 1936 through 1998 and followed in the Danish Cancer Registry from 1968 through 1998, a total of 175,863 person-years, to assess a possible association between cancer and oral clefts. Observed and expected numbers of cancers among oral cleft cases were summarized as the overall and as 52 site-specific standardized incidence ratios. The expected overall number of all cancers was 131, but 140 incident cancers were found, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 1.26). Analyses of the 52 sites for all oral cleft cases and analyses stratified for three cleft subgroups and the two sexes revealed only a few significant associations: an increased occurrence of breast cancer among females born with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.14), primary brain cancer among females born with cleft palate (SIR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.14, 6.78), and primary lung cancer among males born with both cleft lip and cleft palate (SIR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.00, 5.14). The results do not provide evidence for an increased overall cancer risk for individuals born with oral clefts.
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PMID:Cancer risk in persons with oral cleft--a population-based study of 8,093 cases. 1590 25

We have prepared the map of regional distribution of cervical cancer in Hungary. Serial HPV genotyping of sexual partners provided evidence for the sexually transmitted infections. Molecular epidemiology studies revealed activating c-kit mutation in bilateral testicular cancers. A cost-effective molecular staging method was introduced to the management of breast cancer patients. Genomic profiling identified the gene signature of Herceptin and taxane sensitivity of breast cancer. In colon cancer patients we have determined the mutational spectrum of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in Hungary. The prognostic power of SHMT and MTHFR polymorphism was determined in colorectal cancer patients. In head and neck cancer the gene signature of cisplatin sensitivity and the EGFR polymorphism was determined. We have introduced a cost-effective in vitro assay to determine the drug resistance of pediatric leukemias. The prognostic power of N-myc genotyping was determined in neuroblastoma patients. A phase I trial for gene therapy of brain cancer was started by using a GM-CSF adenoviral vector system. Using global genomic approaches the gene signature of malignant melanoma and its metastatic disease was determined. We have found that Ca-channel blockers and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in preclinical human melanoma models in breaking the apoptosis resistance of this tumor.
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PMID:[Activity of the National Oncology R&D Consortium in 2004]. 1590 26

Epidemiologic evidence does not support a consistently increased cancer risk among women with cosmetic breast implants, but few studies have assessed risk beyond 15 years. Swedish women who underwent cosmetic breast implantation for the first time between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1993 (N = 3486), were followed through December 31, 2002. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare cancer incidence of women with implants with women in the general population. Mean follow-up among women with breast implants was 18.4 years (range = 0.1-37.8 years). The incidence of breast cancer was below expectation (SIR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.0), whereas lung cancer was above expectation (SIR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.4). With respect to cancer overall and all other specific cancer sites, including brain cancer and sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, no statistically significantly increased or decreased SIRs were observed. Stratification by duration of follow-up revealed no statistically significantly increased or decreased SIR, with the exception of a two- to threefold excess of lung cancer among women followed for more than 15 years, which would be expected due to the high prevalence of smoking among the Swedish women with implants in our study.
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PMID:Long-term cancer risk among Swedish women with cosmetic breast implants: an update of a nationwide study. 1662 25

Recent evidence suggests that many tissue kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis. Kallikrein 8 (KLK8) plays a role in the physiology of the central nervous system. Kallikrein 7 (KLK7) takes part in skin desquamation. Both show altered expression in ovarian and breast cancer. In this study, we examined the level of mRNA expression of the KLK7 and KLK8 genes in 73 intracranial tumors using qualitative RT-PCR. The results were correlated with clinical and histomorphological variables and patient outcome. The expression of both genes was also examined in the brain cancer cell lines U-251 MG, D54 and SH-SY5Y and the invasive capacity of glioblastoma cells U-251 MG overexpressing hK7 or hK8 was also investigated in an in vitro Matrigel assay. Follow-up analysis revealed that expression of KLK7 mRNA was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) compared to patients with no KLK7 expression, as determined by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Overexpression of hK7 protein by cultivated brain tumor cells significantly enhanced the invasive potential in the Matrigel invasion assay, in contrast to cells overexpressing hK8 protein. Our data suggest that hK7 protein overexpression is associated with a more aggressive phenotype in brain cancer cells.
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PMID:The role of human tissue kallikreins 7 and 8 in intracranial malignancies. 1713 7

Multiple hamartoma syndrome (also known as Cowden's syndrome) is a genetic disorder. The signs and symptoms of this disorder often do not appear concurrently or with the same degree of severity. While much of the literature regarding Cowden's syndrome (CS) focuses on the dermatologic and gastro-enterologic features of the disease, there also are unique oral and facial symptoms that manifest early in this condition. This disorder might be overlooked and underdiagnosed by the dental community. There is a strong link between CS and female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, gastrological polyps, and rare forms of brain cancer; as a result, it is essential for the dental community to gain a greater understanding of this syndrome and its unique oral manifestations.
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PMID:Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden's syndrome): case report and literature review. 1713 80

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication occurring in 5% of breast cancer patients. However, the current 'gold standard' of diagnosis, namely microscopic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is false-negative in 25% of patients at the first lumbar puncture. In a previous study, we analyzed a set of 151 CSF samples (tryptic digests) by MALDI-TOF and detected peptide masses that were differentially expressed in breast cancer patients with LM. In the present study, we obtain for a limited number of samples exact masses for these peptides by MALDI-FTICR MS measurements. Identification of these peptides was performed by electrospray FTICR MS after separation by nano-scale LC. The database results were confirmed by targeted high mass accuracy measurements of the fragment ions in the FTICR cell. The combination of automated high-throughput MALDI-TOF measurements and analysis by FTICR MS leads to the identification of 17 peptides corresponding to 9 proteins. These include proteins that are operative in host-disease interaction, inflammation and immune defense (serotransferrin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, hemopexin, haptoglobin and transthyretin). Several of these proteins have been mentioned in the literature in relation to cancer. The identified proteins alpha1-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E have been described in relation to Alzheimer's disease and brain cancer.
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PMID:Identification of leptomeningeal metastasis-related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with breast cancer by a combination of MALDI-TOF, MALDI-FTICR and nanoLC-FTICR MS. 1727 72

The identification, purification, and characterization of cancer stem cells holds tremendous promise for improving the treatment of cancer. Mounting evidence is demonstrating that only certain tumor cells (i.e. the cancer stem cells) can give rise to tumors when injected and that these purified cell populations generate heterogeneous tumors. While the cell of origin is still not determined definitively, specific molecular markers for populations containing these cancer stem cells have been found for leukemia, brain cancer, and breast cancer, among others. Systems approaches, particularly molecular profiling, have proven to be of great utility for cancer diagnosis and characterization. These approaches also hold significant promise for identifying distinctive properties of the cancer stem cells, and progress is already being made.
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PMID:Systems biology and cancer stem cells. 1803

What do we currently know about the occupational and environmental causes of cancer? As of 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identified 415 known or suspected carcinogens. Cancer arises through an extremely complicated web of multiple causes, and we will likely never know the full range of agents or combinations of agents. We do know that preventing exposure to individual carcinogens prevents the disease. Declines in cancer rates-such as the drop in male lung cancer cases from the reduction in tobacco smoking or the drop in bladder cancer among cohorts of dye workers from the elimination of exposure to specific aromatic amines-provides evidence that preventing cancer is possible when we act on what we know. Although the overall age-adjusted cancer incidence rates in the United States among both men and women have declined in the last decade, the rates of several types of cancers are on the rise; some of which are linked to environmental and occupational exposures. This report chronicles the most recent epidemiologic evidence linking occupational and environmental exposures with cancer. Peer-reviewed scientific studies published from January 2005 to June 2007 were reviewed, supplementing our state-of-the-evidence report published in September 2005. Despite weaknesses in certain individual studies, we consider the evidence linking the increased risk of several types of cancer with specific exposures somewhat strengthened by recent publications, among them brain cancer from exposure to non-ionizing radiation, particularly radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile telephones; breast cancer from exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) before puberty; leukemia from exposure to 1,3-butadiene; lung cancer from exposure to air pollution; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from exposure to pesticides and solvents; and prostate cancer from exposure to pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metal working fluids or mineral oils. In addition to NHL and prostate cancer, early findings from the National Institutes of Health Agricultural Health Study suggest that several additional cancers may be linked to a variety of pesticides. Our report also briefly describes the toxicological evidence related to the carcinogenic effect of specific chemicals and mechanisms that are difficult to study in humans, namely exposures to bis-phenol A and epigenetic, trans-generational effects. To underscore the multi-factorial, multi-stage nature of cancer, we also present a technical description of cancer causation summarizing current knowledge in molecular biology. We argue for a new cancer prevention paradigm, one based on an understanding that cancer is ultimately caused by multiple interacting factors rather than a paradigm based on dubious attributable fractions. This new cancer prevention paradigm demands that we limit exposure to avoidable environmental and occupational carcinogens, in combination with additional important risk factors like diet and lifestyle. The research literature related to environmental and occupational causes of cancer is constantly growing, and future updates will be carried out in light of new biological understanding of the mechanisms and new methods for studying exposures in human populations. The current state of knowledge is sufficient to compel us to act on what we know. We repeat the call of ecologist Sandra Steingraber: "From the right to know and the duty to inquire flows the obligation to act."
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PMID:Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: new evidence 2005-2007. 1855 96

CD8(+) T cells recognizing minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) on solid tumor cells may mediate effective graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reactivity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Previously, we identified LRH-1 as a hematopoietic-restricted MiHA encoded by the P2X5 gene. Here, we report that LRH-1 is aberrantly expressed on solid tumor cells. P2X5 mRNA expression is demonstrated in a significant portion of solid tumor cell lines, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, brain cancer and breast cancer. Importantly, P2X5 gene expression was also detected in a subset of primary solid tumor specimens derived from RCC, brain cancer and breast cancer patients. Furthermore, P2X5 expressing solid tumor cells can be effectively targeted by LRH-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes under inflammatory conditions. The expression of HLA-B7 and CD54 on tumor cells increases upon cytokine stimulation resulting in improved T cell activation as observed by higher levels of degranulation and enhanced tumor cell lysis. Overall, hematopoietic-restricted MiHA LRH-1 is aberrantly expressed on solid tumor cells and may be used as target in GVT-specific immunotherapy after SCT.
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PMID:Aberrant expression of the hematopoietic-restricted minor histocompatibility antigen LRH-1 on solid tumors results in efficient cytotoxic T cell-mediated lysis. 1871 14

The consumption of antidepressants, especially selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) has been increasing. Because a large fraction of the population is exposed, even a small excess of risk with respect to cancer should be considered. We carried out a record linkage study in Finland utilizing nationwide databases of reimbursed medication and cancer. The study population included all antidepressant drug (AD) users in Finland who had purchased at least 1 prescription between 1998 and 2005, and who had no cancer diagnosis at the date of first purchase. A control population without AD usage (matched by age and sex) was also included. Data consisted of 418,588 pairs of individuals that cumulated 3.3 million person-years with an average of 4.0 years of follow-up. 19,365 cancer cases were observed. The most frequent cancers were breast, prostate, lung, colon, and brain cancer. In general, only few associations between the utilization of AD and cancer could be detected. Over four years exposure to AD showed a weak association with increased colon and breast cancer incidence, which could have been caused by bias. As conclusion, no clear evidence of neither beneficial nor harmful association between usage of antidepressant and cancer was found.
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PMID:Incidence of cancer and antidepressant medication: record linkage study. 1973 57


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