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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast is rare, and Burkitt's lymphoma is especially rare. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman in whom Burkitt's lymphoma involving both breasts was diagnosed. The patient was referred to our hospital because of a diffuse, firm swelling, like a bulky ball, in both breasts. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of both breast masses revealed malignant lymphoma(ML), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed based on the results of immunohistochemical studies of a core needle biopsy specimen. The gallium scan revealed very hot lesions in both breasts, but there was no evidence of disseminated disease. We instituted initial therapy, with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus intrathecal chemotherapy without performing a chromosome analysis, because the clinical course was very aggressive. A CR was achieved, but after eight cycles of CHOP therapy, the ML relapsed. We then resected the mass in the left breast, and when examination of the surgical specimen revealed relapse of ML and t (8;11) (q24;q32) translocation, Burkitt's lymphoma was diagnosed. High-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral-blood stem cell transplantation was performed, but the patient died 10 months after her initial presentation at our hospital.
Breast Cancer 2005
PMID:A Case of Burkitt's Lymphoma Involving Both Breasts. 1611 Feb 96

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. They are considered among the most desirable targets for drug development. Recent studies have demonstrated that many GPCRs, such as endothelin receptors, chemokine receptors and lysophosphatidic acid receptors have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple human cancers. In this study, we conducted an in silico analysis of GPCR gene expression in primary human tumors by analyzing some publicly available gene expression profiling data. Statistical analysis was performed on eight microarray data sets of non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer and diffused large B cell lymphoma to identify GPCRs that are up-regulated in primary or metastatic cancer cells. Our analysis has demonstrated overexpression of several GPCRs in primary tumor cells, including chemokine receptors and protease-activated receptors that were shown to be important for tumorigenesis by previous studies. In addition, we have uncovered several GPCRs, such as neuropeptide receptors, adenosine A2B receptor, P2Y purinoceptor, calcium-sensing receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptors, that are expressed at a significantly higher level in some cancer tissue and may play a role in cancer progression. Analysis of cancer samples in different disease stages also suggests that some GPCRs, such as endothelin receptor A, may be involved in early tumor progression and others, such as CXCR4, may play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study demonstrates the value of publicly available microarray data as a resource to gain more understanding of cancer biology, to validate previous findings from in vitro experiments, and to identify potential novel anticancer targets and biomarkers.
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PMID:Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors in cancer cells: involvement in tumor progression. 1621 Dec 29

In this review, we focused on our studies of cancer dormancy in a murine B cell lymphoma and human breast cancer. Lifelong dormancy was induced in syngeneic mice by prior immunization to the idiotype of the tumor cell (TC) Ig before TC challenge. The mice maintained approximately 10(6) lymphoma cells in their spleen throughout their lifetime despite replication of the TCs at a reduced rate. Recurrences occurred randomly. Because of the balance between replication and cell death, we hypothesized that a similar balance might occur in long-term survivors of breast cancer when the risk of recurrences is very low. We developed a sensitive assay for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which none were found in normal age-matched women. One third of patients, 7-22 years after mastectomy and without any evidence of disease, had CTCs. The half-life of these CTCs could be deduced from other studies as probably 2-3 hours. Hence, there was a precise balance between replication of TCs (presumably from micrometastases) and cell death. Therefore, a major population of clinically cured breast cancer patients have a chronic disease controlled by their own physiological mechanisms. We speculate on underlying mechanisms based both on studies in experimental models and clinical trials.
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PMID:Cancer dormancy: from mice to man. 1692 81

Some studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have an inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells and therefore have the potential to increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Considering that omega-3 PUFAs are present abundantly in harp seal oil, we investigated the effect of seal oil on the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in 2 breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Cytotoxicity evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the concentration of paclitaxel that is required for 50% inhibition of cell growth in the presence of seal oil was significantly lower than that of paclitaxel alone. Apoptosis assessment based on morphological changes and DNA fragmentation results indicated that more cells treated with paclitaxel in combination with seal oil underwent apoptosis than with paclitaxel alone. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, an apoptosis inhibitory protein, in both cell lines was decreased more significant by paclitaxel in combination with seal oil than by paclitaxel alone. In addition, seal oil alone was found to induce apoptosis in both cell lines tested, which appeared to be due to the increased intracellular lipid peroxides produced. It is therefore concluded that paclitaxel in combination with seal oil demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to paclitaxel alone, and the use of seal oil may be beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:The effect of seal oil on paclitaxel induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. 1764 Jan 70

Several monoclonal antibodies that target cell surface receptors have gained approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and are widely used in the treatment of some cancers. These include but are not limited to the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab, used in lymphoma treatment, as well as anti-HER-2 antibody for breast cancer therapy. The efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy modality is, however, limited by the large size of the antibody (160 kd) and its relatively nonspecific binding to the reticuloendothelial system. This latter property is particularly problematic if the antibody is used as a vehicle to deliver radionuclides, cytotoxic drugs, or toxins to the tumor site. Peptides, peptidomimetic, or small molecules are thus attractive as alternative cell surface targeting agents for cancer imaging and therapy. Cancer cell surface targeting peptides can be derived from known native peptide hormones such as somatostatin and bombesin, or they can be identified through screening combinatorial peptide libraries against unknown cell surface receptor targets. Phage-display peptide library and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial library methods have been successfully used to discover peptides that target cancer cells or tumor blood vessel endothelial cells. The phage-display peptide library method, because of its biological nature, can only display l-amino acid peptides. In contrast, the OBOC combinatorial library method allows for bead-surface display of peptides that contain l-amino acids, d-amino acids, unnatural amino acids, or other organic moieties. We have successfully used the OBOC method to discover and optimize ligands against unique cell surface receptors of prostate cancer, T- and B-cell lymphoma, as well as ovarian and lung cancers, and we have used some of these peptides to image xenografts in nude mice with high specificity. Here, we (i) review the literature on the use of phage-display and OBOC combinatorial library methods to discover cancer and tumor blood vessel targeting ligands, and (ii) report on the use of an ovarian cancer targeting ligand, OA02, as an in vivo PET imaging probe in a xenograft model in nude mice.
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PMID:From combinatorial chemistry to cancer-targeting peptides. 1788 Jan 66

The inhibition of mTOR is a target for anticancer drugs in posttransplant malignancies. The influence of conversion to sirolimus after malignancy diagnosis was investigated on patient and renal allograft survivals. The 20 renal allograft recipients (4 women, 16 men) of ages 26 to 73 years (mean, 59 years) developed malignancies within 6 to 172 months (mean, 53 months) after transplantation. Three patients developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD); four, Kaposi sarcoma, three, lung cancer; two, malignant melanoma; two, breast cancer; two, renal cell carcinoma; one, Merkel cell carcinoma; one, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; one, larynx cancer; and one, gingival cancer. After tumor diagnosis, calcineurin inhibitors, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were discontinued abruptly and sirolimus introduced (2 mg/d; target trough level, 4.0 to 8.0 ng/mL). Prednisone was maintained. The observation time of sirolimus therapy was 4 to 48 months (mean, 14 months). Two patients with PTLD (large B-cell lymphoma) and four with Kaposi sarcoma had full regressions. Eleven patients (larynx cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, T-cell lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and skin lymphoma) in addition to sirolimus therapy, underwent oncologic treatment, namely, surgery and/or chemotherapy. Six patients died from disseminated malignancy 4 to 9 months after conversion. One patient with T-cell lymphoma lost his graft; in the remaining patients, serum creatinine level was stable. In conclusion, Conversion to sirolimus resulted in regression of large B-cell lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In patients with advanced or disseminated malignancy, the tumors progressed. Graft function was preserved after conversion to sirolimus.
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PMID:Anticancer effect of sirolimus in renal allograft recipients with de novo malignancies. 1802 73

The FOXP1 forkhead transcription factor is targeted by recurrent chromosome translocations in several subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, where high-level FOXP1 protein expression has been linked to a poor prognosis. Western blotting studies of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines unexpectedly identified the atypical high-level expression of 2 smaller, 60 to 65 kDa, FOXP1 isoforms in all 5 of those with the activated B cell (ABC)-like DLBCL subtype and in a subgroup of primary DLBCL. The anti-FOXP1 (JC12) monoclonal antibody cannot distinguish FOXP1 isoforms by immunohistochemistry, a finding that may be clinically relevant as high-level expression of the full-length FOXP1 protein was observed in some germinal center-derived DLBCLs. ABC-like DLBCL-derived cell lines were observed to express 2 novel, alternatively spliced FOXP1 mRNA isoforms, encoding N-terminally truncated proteins. These transcripts and the smaller protein isoforms were induced as a consequence of normal B-cell activation, which thus represents an additional mechanism for up-regulating FOXP1 expression in lymphomas. The expression of potentially oncogenic smaller FOXP1 isoforms may resolve the previously contradictory findings that FOXP1 represents a favorable prognostic marker in breast cancer and an adverse risk factor in B-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Potentially oncogenic B-cell activation-induced smaller isoforms of FOXP1 are highly expressed in the activated B cell-like subtype of DLBCL. 1807 90

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal indolent lymphoma with histopatholigic features similar to those of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Primary breast MALT lymphomas were first described by Lamovec and Jancar as a low-grade B-cell lymphoma in 1987. Herein, a case is presented of a patient with primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. Issues in diagnosis and breast-conservation treatment, as it pertains to primary MALT lymphoma of the breast, will be discussed.
Clin Breast Cancer 2008 Apr
PMID:Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the breast. 1862 16

The "magic bullet" era of targeted cancer therapy began with the United States Food and Drug Administration approval of rituximab for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma in the late fall of 1997. Since then, several additional anticancer antibody products have received regulatory approval, including the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) trastuzumab for breast cancer and alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and the MoAb immunoconjugates gemtuzumab ozogamicin for acute myelogenous leukemia and yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan for B-cell lymphoma. These products are associated with adverse events that are quite different than those seen with chemotherapy. Adverse events associated with MoAb products typically have 1 of 3 etiologies: direct and indirect effects of antibody-antigen interaction, effects of toxins or radioisotopes that have been conjugated to antibodies, and allergic and hypersensitivity reactions to foreign protein. The infusion-related symptom complex is the most common and predictable side effect associated with all MoAbs that react with circulating blood cells. This pattern of various systemic effects includes flu-like symptoms such as headache, shortness of breath, fever, skin rash, hypotension, nausea, and asthenia, but usually occurs only in association with the first of any series of weekly infusions. The severity of these reactions is influenced by the rate of infusion, and the syndrome is the consequence of cytokines released from immune cells. Severe hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoxia, and even death have occurred. A true tumor lysis syndrome may occur if there are large numbers of proliferating antigen-positive cells in the blood. Symptoms related to the infusion reaction are ameliorated by slowing or stopping the infusion and administering antiinflammatory agents and antihistamines.
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PMID:Unique aspects of supportive care using monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. 1862 30

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare entity. Furthermore, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma affecting the breast is exceedingly rare. We report a unique case of invasive lobular carcinoma diagnosed simultaneously with an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the breast. A literature review demonstrated 2 reports of synchronous invasive ductal carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma affecting the breast; however, there is a paucity of cases demonstrating different malignancies affecting the same breast tissue in a particular patient, especially in the setting of lobular carcinoma. As such, there are no clear guidelines on the optimal management of such synchronous tumors. Herein, the diagnostic and management issues are explored.
Clin Breast Cancer 2008 Jun
PMID:Synchronous carcinoma and lymphoma of the breast. 1865 Jan 60


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