Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the potential of FDG for PET imaging of nodal tumor metastases, we evaluated its uptake into normal lymph nodes, tumor-involved lymph nodes, and subcutaneous tumor xenografts in rodents. Normal lymph nodes in mice and rats accumulate FDG moderately, developing node/blood ratios of 1.3-11.9/1 at 2 hr following i.v. injection. By contrast, FDG given subcutaneously to healthy Sprague Dawley rats developed very high normal draining lymph node/blood ratios (272/1) versus 7.7/1 by i.v. injection. In nude mice, subcutaneous human ovarian cancer xenografts had 1.27-fold more uptake relative to blood than did normal popliteal lymph nodes. Subcutaneous tumor xenografts of rat breast cancer developed tumor/normal node uptake ratios of 4.91 +/- 0.43/1 and tumor/blood ratios of 6.6 +/- 0.9 at 2 hr postinjection. Mouse nodes involved with 38C13 murine B-cell lymphoma had mean node/blood ratios of 42.9 +/- 6.7/1 and tumored node/normal lymph node uptake of 6.3/1. Thus, FDG given intravenously but not subcutaneusly (due to high normal nodal uptake) has potential as an agent for the detection of metastatic tumors in regional lymph nodes using PET scanning.
 ...
PMID:The potential of 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for the detection of tumor involvement in lymph nodes. 223 Sep 96

Eight cases of primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the breast are reported. Almost all presented as a painless movable mass without nipple retraction, edema in the overlying skin, satellite skin nodules or bloody nipple discharge. Most of the cases belonged to B cell lymphoma. Wide local excision or simple mastectomy combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy were adopted in the treatment of these patients. The average survival was 28 months. Since prognosis of NHL is worse than that of breast carcinoma and is easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer, it is important to take vigilance in the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:[Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast--report of 8 cases]. 320 54

It was found that both interferon-beta and interferon-alpha had a direct cytotoxic action against a few sensitive cultured cell lines. The action was not concentration dependent, but time dependent. Interferons expressed their maximum effect when they were given daily for long time to nude mice bearing transplantable ascitic human cancer cell lines, indicating that interferons had schedule dependency. In preliminary phase II study of interferons (3-9 X 10(6) U daily im, iv or local use) to 40 patients with various malignancies, only one patient with B-cell lymphoma responded to systemic use of both interferons and two out of five patients with pleural malignant effusion of breast cancer also responded to intrapleural use of interferons. Side effects were usually mild, but included fever, weakness, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, liver and kidney function disturbances.
 ...
PMID:[Antitumor activity of human interferons: their direct cytotoxic activity and clinical effects]. 619 65

Mutations of p53 have been suggested to be involved in the histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma, but the role of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene, another tumor suppressor gene, in lymphomagenesis has not been established. To determine the roles of these tumor suppressor genes and their relationship with the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene in follicle center lymphoma, the immunohistochemical expression of p53, bcl-2, and RB proteins was correlated with cytologic grade in 50 cases of follicular lymphoma, and the results were compared to 23 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The results showed that only 2 of 25 grade 1 follicular lymphoma were p53-positive compared to 16 of 25 grade 3 cases (P <.0001). A significantly lower number (13 of 25) of grade 3 follicular lymphomas expressed bcl-2 compared to grade 1 cases (23 of 25) (P <.004). Eight of 14 bcl-2-negative follicular lymphomas expressed p53, compared with 10 of 36 bcl-2-positive cases (P = .1). Twenty-four of 25 grade 3 follicular lymphomas showed 2+ to 3+ staining for RB protein compared to 9 of 21 grade 1 cases (P <.0002). Expression of p53 protein correlates significantly with higher cytologic grade in follicular lymphoma. Similar to earlier studies of breast cancer and lymphoma, there appears to be an inverse relationship between p53 and bcl-2 expression in follicular lymphoma. Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene does not seem to be involved in the histogenesis of follicle center lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of p53, bcl-2, and retinoblastoma proteins in follicular lymphoma. 862 59

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) capable of inducing strong T-cell-mediated immunity. Infusion of lymphoma-specific antigen-loaded autologous DC has been demonstrated to result in the generation of antigen-specific immunity and reduction in tumor burden in B-cell lymphoma patients. Cellular immunotherapy employing antigen-loaded DC could have a potential therapeutic impact in tumors and viral infections, including HIV infection. However, DC in HIV-infected individuals and breast cancer patients are believed to be functionally defective. Therefore, the potential of using allogeneic DC offers significant implications for DC immunotherapy in AIDS and immunocompromised cancer patients. To explore the potential of allogeneic DC therapy in vivo, we tested the ability of allogeneic DC to generate primary peptide-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. Our results indicate that DC from HLA class I-matched individuals elicit primary immune responses in vitro using viral peptides as naive antigens. A primary peptide-specific immune response could also be detected even when only one HLA allele (HLA-A*0201) was matched between the allogeneic DC and T-lymphocytes. The ability to generate primary peptide-specific responses in vitro is strongly indicative of the in vivo therapeutic potential of allogeneic DC.
 ...
PMID:Generation of primary peptide-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro using allogeneic dendritic cells. 948 58

The PTEN/MMAC1 gene at 10q23.3, which has dual specific phosphatase activity, is a novel tumor suppressor gene candidate. Various kinds of tumors have mutations in this gene, including glioblastoma, endometrial carcinoma and prostate cancer. We examined 29 cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) for mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene. One case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma had an 11 bp deletion, but the remaining 28 cases showed no mutations in the genome. Two of these 28 cases showed missense mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1 transcripts, but no alterations in the genomic DNA. These mRNA missense variants are similar to PTEN/MMAC1 transcript aberrations which have been reported in patients with breast cancer. These findings suggest that alterations in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene play a role in the pathogenesis of NHL.
 ...
PMID:Mutational analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 969 84

Recently, a novel phosphatase designated PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 and located on chromosome 10q23.3 has been implicated as a new tumor suppressor gene in human cancer. Allelic loss and mutation of this gene has been reported in epithelial derived tumors, including breast cancer and prostate cancer, and in glioblastoma multiforme. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential involvement of PTEN in the pathogenesis of lymphoid neoplasms. We analyzed 27 hematopoietic cell lines (representing a variety of lymphoid lineages), 65 primary lymphoid tumors (including 24 lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma [LBL], 30 large B-cell lymphoma [LBCL], 7 Burkitt's lymphoma [BL], and 4 anaplastic large cell lymphoma [ALCL]), and 25 nonmalignant lymph node controls. Gene deletion and gross rearrangement were evaluated using Southern blot analysis, and mutations were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing. Six of 27 cell lines (22.2%) and 3 of 65 primary lymphomas (4.6%) contained alterations of this gene. A large homozygous deletion spanning exons 2 through 5 was detected in one LBL cell line, and two insertions potentially resulting in premature termination, were detected in a second LBL cell line. Nonconservative nucleotide variations were found in two other cell lines (one LBCL and one BL) and in one primary case of LBCL. In addition, two other cell lines (one BL and one myeloma) and two primary lymphomas, both LBCL, contained small deletions within intron 7. These deletions mapped to a poly-T-rich tract just 5' to the intron 7/exon 8 spice site. Their significance is unclear, as they may represent polymorphisms. Overall, our results suggest that abnormalities of the PTEN gene can contribute to pathogenesis in a small percentage of malignant lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:PTEN gene alterations in lymphoid neoplasms. 978 81

CD40 is present on B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells, as well as a variety of neoplastic cell types, including carcinomas. CD40 stimulation by an antibody has previously been demonstrated to induce activation-induced cell death in aggressive histology human B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Therefore, we wanted to assess the effects of a recombinant soluble human CD40 ligand (srhCD40L) on human breast carcinoma cell lines. Human breast carcinoma cell lines were examined for CD40 expression by flow cytometry. CD40 expression could be detected on several human breast cancer cell lines and this could be augmented with interferon-gamma. The cell lines were then incubated with a srhCD40L to assess effects on in vitro growth. srhCD40L significantly inhibited the proliferation of the CD40(+) human breast cancer cell lines. This inhibition could also be augmented with interferon-gamma. Viability was also affected and this was shown to be due to increased apoptosis of the cell lines in response to the ligand. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice was then performed to assess the in vivo efficacy of the ligand. Treatment of tumor-bearing SCID mice with the ligand resulted in significant increases in survival. Thus, CD40 stimulation by its ligand directly inhibits human breast carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that srhCD40L may be of clinical use to inhibit human breast carcinoma growth.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of human breast carcinoma growth by a soluble recombinant human CD40 ligand. 1021 96

Radionuclides have been used for the diagnosis and therapy of cancers. In Japan, about 1.8 million studies are performed annually, especially on bone, the heart, the brain and cancer. In contrast to anatomical studies with X-ray, US or CT, nuclear medicine provides physiological or metabolic images. The characteristics of nuclear medicine come from the use of tracer studies employing various radiopharmaceuticals. The most commonly used radionuclides for cancer studies are 67Ga and 201T1. Recently, however, many other radiopharmaceuticals with tumor specificity have been developed, such as 99mTc labeled monoclonal antibodies and 111In labeled octreotide. 18F-FDG, which images glucose metabolism, is very useful in the management of lung, colorectal and other cancers. Furthermore, radionuclides are also employed in the therapy of cancer, such 131I-labeled anti-CD20 antibody for the B-cell lymphoma and 89Sr for the palliation of bone pain caused by prostate and breast cancer metastases.
 ...
PMID:[Current status of nuclear medicine in Japan]. 1041 Jan 41

Members of the Bcl-2 gene family have been implicated in the regulation of cell death induced by cytostatic drugs. In some malignancies such as B-cell lymphoma, there is evidence that high expression of Bcl-2 is an independent negative prognostic marker and the overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to confer resistance to cytotoxic drugs by preventing drug-induced apoptosis. This function of Bcl-2 can be antagonized by apoptosis-promoting members of the Bcl-2 family. We previously showed that overexpression of Bax restores the chemosensitivity of Bax-deficient breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, we investigated whether the death-promoting Bcl-2 homologue Bik/Nbk can enhance cytostatic drug-induced apoptosis. As a model, we used the T-cell leukemia H9 (CD3(+) and CD4(+)CD8(-)), which is resistant to corticosteroid-induced cell death and does not express endogenous Bik/Nbk. Sensitivity for drug-induced apoptosis was increased 10- to 39-fold in cells transfected with the full-length coding sequence of Bik/Nbk. In addition, apoptosis induced via CD95/Fas or heat shock was increased to a similar extent. These data show that Bik/Nbk, which, unlike Bax, carries only a BH3 but no BH1 or BH2 domain may be a target to enhance chemosensitivity. The complete suppression of tumor growth in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenotransplant model suggests that, in analogy to Bax, Bik/Nbk may function as a tumor suppressor gene.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the death gene Bik/Nbk promotes sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis in corticosteroid-resistant T-cell lymphoma and prevents tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice. 1041 3


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>