Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect circulating immune complexes containing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, or IgM using a nitrocellulose-bound anti-CEA antibody as the solid phase reagent. Elevated levels of CEA-containing circulating immune complexes (CEA-IC) were found in 15.4% of 117 sera from patients with colorectal cancer in a postsurgery follow-up study. Also in 24.5% of 102 sera from patients with breast cancer in different states of disease CEA-IC were found. The predominant Ig determined in CEA-IC of colorectal cancer patients was IgA, followed by IgG and IgM, whereas IgG and IgM were the most frequent Igs in CEA-IC of breast cancer patients. Elevated CEA levels were found in 12.0% of the colorectal cancer patients and in 25.4% of sera from breast cancer patients. No significance for the coincidence of elevated CEA levels and CEA-IC was recorded in all patients sera tested. In sera of patients with disease recurrence, however, both parameters were shown to be elevated (CEA 80.7% and CEA-IC 42.3%). The data presented indicate the detection of CEA-IC as an additional parameter for the identification of patients at increased risk for disease recurrence.
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PMID:CEA-containing immune complexes in sera of patients with colorectal and breast cancer--analysis of complexed immunoglobulin classes. 328 55

In 116 breast cancer patients, the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined before operation in the serum using RIA, and after operation in sections of breast tumor tissue using the immunohistological PAP technique. CEA circulating in the serum was found in 49 patients (42%). Elevated values (over 10 micrograms/l) were found in only 12 patients (10%). In histological specimens CEA positivity was found in 94 tumors (81%), however, in a majority of them the number of positive cells per section was low (1-10%). A comparison of positive and negative findings both in the serum and in the tumor specimens of individual patients showed that both serum and tumor sections were CEA positive in 40 patients (35%) and both localizations were CEA negative in 13 patients (12%). Although most patients had positive histological sections but negative sera (46%). Only 7% of patients had negative sections and positive sera. In 41 patients CEA could be examined both qualitatively (immunohistologically), and quantitatively in the cytosol of the same homogenized tumor. Of them, 30 patients (72%) had in the cytosol a CEA concentration exceeding 5 micrograms/g proteins, in 11 of the 41 patients (28%) no CEA was found. Immunohistological examination of CEA in this group gave positive results in 35 out of the 41 patients (85%), and only 6 tumors (15%) were completely negative. CEA was shown to be present in each histological type of the tumors studied, invasive ductal tumors being slightly more frequent and more positive than the lobular ones. No relation was observed to the structure of the tumors, nor to the degree of their differentiation. Thus, the examination of CEA levels can hardly contribute to the improvement of histological classification.
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PMID:Occurrence of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumor tissue and serum of breast cancer patients. 335 39

The diagnostic significance of three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), of carcinoembryonic antigen and of phosphoglucose isomerase have been compared in sera of patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease and normal age matched controls. The results of the study indicate that the performance of spermine was more striking than that of any of the other markers. The estimation of spermine may prove to be a valuable parameter not only in detection but also in prediction of recurrence of the disease.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum spermine in breast cancer. 336 71

To evaluate the clinical significance of elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) titers in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer, 282 patients were analyzed retrospectively. All patients showed elevated CEA titers, ie, titers equal to or above 5 ng/ml on at least one occasion. The time interval from mastectomy ranged from 3 months to 7 years. Recurrent disease became clinically evident in 52% with a mean lead time of 5 months. No recurrence was found in the remaining patients despite a mean observation time of 20 months and repeated intensive search for metastases. However, taking into account the height and the further course of the titers, CEA measurement was helpful in predicting recurrent disease at an early stage. CEA titers above 30 ng/ml and constantly elevated or increasing titers were associated with a high frequency of recurrence. Although no correlation was found between site of recurrence and course of CEA, patients with soft tissue metastases exhibited lower CEA titers as compared with patients with visceral or osseous lesions. Furthermore, CEA titers encountered before clinical detection of recurrence were of prognostic value with regard to survival. Titers above 50 ng/ml and an increasing course of CEA were associated with diminished life expectancy. By summary, serial CEA assays were a helpful laboratory tool for early diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis of breast cancer patients postmastectomy. 339 Aug 52

The prognostic significance of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin levels was evaluated in 191 women operated for breast cancer. The influence of CEA, ferritin and another 11 clinical and pathological features on the disease-free survival was investigated in a multivariate analysis, using Cox's proportional hazard model. Axillary node status (P = 0.004), CEA level (P = 0.011), and the histological grade of the tumor (P = 0.029) emerged as independent prognostic factors. By contrast, no significant relationship was found between ferritin and disease-free survival. These three parameters were used to derive a prognostic index (I) for each patient. Multivariate analysis showed that its prognostic value was better than the value of any single factor (P less than 0.0001). The I score was used to divide patients into groups at different risk of recurrence: low, moderate and high (97.5%, 45% and 22.5% of recurrence-free patients at 3 years respectively). The data showed that the prognosis of patients with different combinations of node status and tumor grade was related to the level of CEA. Only women with very good (node-negative with well-differentiated tumors) or very bad prognosis (node-positive with four or more metastatic nodes and poorly differentiated tumors) had a disease-free survival independent of CEA values. These findings suggest that the preoperative measurement of CEA enhances the possibility of correctly predicting outcome and hence could be of assistance in the planning of adjuvant therapies.
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PMID:Prognostic value of CEA and ferritin assay in breast cancer: a multivariate analysis. 341 99

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations in 128 patients with breast cancer were measured preoperatively. The data were related to the histologic features of the primary breast carcinoma and to the clinical follow-up data. Analysis of the plasma CEA values did not show a significant correlation with the histologic type and the histologic and nuclear grade of the primary tumor (n = 73) as well as to the presence or absence of keratin, necrosis, desmoplasia, tubule formation and mucin production. Furthermore, the results indicated that high CEA values (more than 10 ng/ml) may be associated with distant metastasis and not with the metastatic spread to lymph nodes. High CEA levels were also associated with reduced survival of the patients. This study confirms our previous report suggesting that high CEA levels are correlated with tumors of endodermal origin, whereas the CEA levels were within the normal range in the tumors of ectodermal origin. In agreement with other studies, however, it was found that the predictive value of plasma CEA concentrations in general is weak, so that the use of CEA measurement for prognosis is of limited value.
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PMID:Prognosis in breast carcinoma utilizing plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and histologic characteristics of the primary tumor. 344 70

In 104 patients with breast cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and the carbohydrate antigen CA-50 were analysed in serum. Excretion of the modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, was analysed in urine. The patients were subdivided in three different clinical stages according to disease manifestations. Levels of CEA and pseudouridine correlated to clinical stage and 58 per cent of the patients with distant metastases had elevated levels of CEA, compared with 36 per cent for pseudouridine. For PLAP and CA-50, the levels did not show any clear correlation to clinical stage. Increased activity of PLAP correlated strongly to tobacco smoking. A decrease in the level of CEA was observed following radical mastectomy. Increase in CEA levels predicted relapse in 5 out of 14 patients within about 3 to 6 months. In patients with tumor manifestations, elevated CEA levels predicted an inferior prognosis compared to those with ordinary levels.
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PMID:Tumor markers in mammary carcinoma. An evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, pseudouridine and CA-50. 347 87

Carcinoembryonic antigen is widely used as a tumor marker for gastrointestinal neoplasms. Its role in the management of other tumors is poorly defined. This review considers the place of carcinoembryonic antigen measurement in the management of breast cancer and concludes that sufficient data exist to support its use in clinical practice. Of the many potential uses, the major role for carcinoembryonic antigen measurement in breast cancer is in following patients with advanced disease, especially patients with bone metastases.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer. Clinical review. 351 88

Monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice immunized with proteins released into tissue culture fluid of human breast cancer cells maintained in vitro. One monoclonal antibody (SP-2) identified a Mr 90,000 antigen which appears to be a proteolipid. In immunoperoxidase assays, SP-2 reacted with 81 of 90 specimens of human breast cancer. It also reacted with 12 of 23 cancers of nonbreast origin but was unreactive with all normal tissues tested. The Mr 90,000 antigen, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using SP-2, was used in an indirect binding inhibition assay for the detection of antigen in human serum. With this assay, 35 of 69 patients with breast cancer and 11 of 37 patients with benign breast lesions showed serum antigen levels above 6 units/ml. Patients with nonbreast cancers also demonstrated elevated levels of antigen in 32% of cases. The SP-2 defined Mr 90,000 antigen appeared to be distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen and other monoclonal antibody-defined breast cancer antigens of similar molecular weight. SP-2 may prove useful as a serum and/or tissue marker in breast pathology.
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PMID:Detection of antigens recognized by a novel monoclonal antibody in tissue and serum from patients with breast cancer. 351 89

The clinical efficacy of four laboratory tests in detecting leptomeningeal metastases in 57 patients with breast carcinoma was assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of beta-glucuronidase, beta 2-microglobulin, carcinoembryonic antigen and lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid were determined. As a single test beta-glucuronidase was the most sensitive (93%) and specific (93%) for discriminating between leptomeningeal metastases and other CNS metastases from breast cancer. Lactate dehydrogenase was the next most useful marker. Both beta 2-microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen had a sensitivity of 60%. More specific results were achieved by combining beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase. CSF beta-glucuronidase may be useful by itself and in combination with lactate dehydrogenase in the detection of leptomeningeal metastases from breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of single and combined tumour markers in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis from breast cancer. 972 63


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