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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 65 patients with systemic breast cancer, a biochemical response index using three tumour markers in combination, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), allowed objective biochemical assessment of response to endocrine therapy. Changes in these three markers at 2, 4 and 6 months showed a highly significant correlation with UICC assessed response at 6 months. At 4 months, changes in these three markers resulted in a selectivity of 93%, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 82%. Survival of groups of patients assessed biochemically or by UICC criteria for non-progression or progression showed no significant difference. The advantage of the biochemical assessment are that it is objective and reproducible. The assessment gives similar information to the UICC assessment but can be carried out earlier. Changes in the three markers appears to reflect the dynamics of change in tumour mass in response to systemic therapy in contrast to the UICC criteria which reflect structural change.
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PMID:Objective measurement of therapeutic response in breast cancer using tumour markers. 191 Dec 26

The immunohistochemical technique (ABC and PAP methods) and microspectrophotometry were used separately to localize estrogen receptor (ER) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and to measure the DNA content in 44 cases of primary breast carcinoma. The results showed that (1) there was significant statistical difference in DNA content among most histological types of breast carcinoma (P less than 0.05); (2) the DNA content was inversely correlated with ER status (P less than 0.05) and positively with CEA (P less than 0.05) in breast cancer; (3) the mean values of DNA content and nuclear area were higher in patients survived more than 5 years than in those survived less than 5 years. It is suggested that the DNA content was roughly consistent with the grades of malignancy of the histological types of carcinoma, and the changes of DNA content not only affected the expression of ER and CEA but are also correlated with the refractoriness to hormone therapy in some patients with ER positive tumor.
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PMID:[A study of DNA content in relation to histological type, ER and CEA in primary breast carcinoma]. 196

Eighty clinical oncologists in the southeastern United States were surveyed to determine their strategies for follow-up care after primary treatment of early-stage breast cancer. The frequency of use of the history and physical examination, complete blood count, liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen levels, chest x-ray, skeletal survey, bone scan, liver scan, and mammogram for observing hypothetical low- and high-risk patients was assessed. Yearly mammograms were recommended by more than 95% of respondents. History and physical examination were the modalities used most often, whereas periodic bone and liver scans were used only in a minority of patients. A review of the literature supported the strategy of the respondents in this survey and further underscored the cost-effectiveness of the history and physical examination in detecting recurrence during follow-up. Based on this survey and supporting literature, recommendations for reasonable yet cost-conscious follow-up are presented.
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PMID:Postoperative follow-up of patients with early breast cancer. Patterns of care among clinical oncologists and a review of the literature. 198 23

The clinical utility of CA M26 and CA M29 was studied in 116 breast cancer patients and compared with results for CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The highest sensitivities for breast cancer detection were achieved with CA 15-3 (0.60) and CEA (0.56), but this was compromised by a relative lack of specificity (0.87 and 0.88 for CA 15-3 and CEA, respectively). Sensitivities attained with CA M26 (0.47) and CA M29 (0.53) were lower, but there was an excellent specificity (1.00) for each assay in this series of benign patients. Tumor marker elevations were appreciable with advanced disease such that 82 of 91 patients (90%) with active metastatic breast cancer exhibited at least one abnormal test value. Longitudinal studies demonstrated that CA M26, CA M29, CA 15-3 and CEA complement each other and combinations of these markers reflect disease status better than individual tests.
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PMID:Evaluation of CA M26, CA M29, CA 15-3 and CEA as circulating tumor markers in breast cancer patients. 202 82

Plasma levels of D-dimer, a degradation product of crosslinked fibrin, were determined in 73 patients with breast cancer. In these patients, significantly elevated plasma levels of D-dimer were found, as compared to healthy controls (P less than 0.0001). In addition, we observed a moderate correlation between plasma levels of D-dimer and those of CA15-3 (r = 0.40; P less than 0.001) and between D-dimer and carcinoembryonic antigen (r = 0.39; P less than 0.01). Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), reflecting the activation of thrombin, were also significantly elevated in patients with breast cancer (P less than 0.0001), and a poor, but significant correlation between carcinoembryonic antigen and TAT (r = 0.25; P less than 0.05) was found. We concluded that the increase in plasma D-dimer and TAT levels might reflect an enhanced activation of the clotting system in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Plasma levels of D-dimer: a crosslinked fibrin-degradation product in female breast cancer. 203 94

To estimate the utility of the tumor-associated antigen CA 15-3 in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer, this tumor marker was measured preoperatively in 1342 patients. This group included 509 patients with malignant disease (134 breast cancer patients and 375 patients with other malignancies not involving the breast) and 833 patients with benign surgical diseases (95 patients with fibroadenoma of the breast and 738 patients with other benign diseases). The results were compared with those obtained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The CA 15-3 level was above normal (25 U/ml) in 31% of the patients with breast cancer, in 22% of patients with other malignancies, and in 9% of patients with benign diseases. The CEA level was elevated in 26% of patients with breast cancer (more than 3 ng/ml). There was a good correlation of CA 15-3 levels with the tumor stage of breast cancer. Both CA 15-3 and CEA also were determined in 671 patients who had received initial curative surgery of breast cancer and who regularly attended our follow-up clinic. The CA 15-3 was found to be more sensitive than CEA in detecting recurrences of breast cancer. In the postcare period, carcinoma recurred in 205 patients. Of these, 73% had CA 15-3 concentrations above 25 U/ml; only 50% had CEA values above 3 ng/ml (P less than 0.0001). Although neither CA 15-3 nor CEA were sensitive enough for the screening and diagnosis of early breast cancer, CA 15-3 was significantly better than CEA in the detection of breast cancer metastases.
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PMID:The value of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer. A comparative study with carcinoembryonic antigen. 206 78

Serum levels of total sialic acid, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were measured both in tumor drainage blood (axillary vein) and in peripheral blood obtained from 121 breast cancer patients during surgery. No significant differences between mean values in peripheral and tumor draining blood, between cancer patients and healthy controls, or between patients with or without axillary lymph node metastases were found for any of the markers. Both ferritin and CEA levels were higher in axillary and peripheral blood from patients with central breast cancer versus other sites but the difference was significant only for CEA (p less than 0.05). CEA levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with greater than 2 cm diameter carcinomas versus T1 stage patients in axillary but not in peripheral blood. When the cephalic vein was clamped before the axillary sample was taken, ferritin showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05). We conclude that measurement of sialic acid, CEA, and ferritin in axillary venous blood in breast cancer patients is not of clinical benefit, although further data are needed to clarify whether other advantages can be derived.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1990 Dec
PMID:Axillary versus peripheral blood levels of sialic acid, ferritin, and CEA in patients with breast cancer. 209 95

We report a case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the scalp in a 72-year-old man. It consisted of syringomalike papules scattered on an erythematous plaque that showed a loss of hair. Histologically, the papular lesion at first showed numerous tadpole-like tubular structures similar to those found in syringoma. Subsequent histologic studies over 2 years revealed the presence of numerous cribriform tumor masses penetrating into the subcutis, reaching the galea aponeurotica. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells showed no staining with either polyclonal (P) or monoclonal (M) antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen. M-cytokeratin, M-vimentin, and P-S-100 protein antibodies were positive only focally as were other antibodies, including anti-actin, anti-human lactalbumin, anti-beta 2 microglobulin, and breast cancer--associated antigens. The neoplastic cells showed no binding to lectins that characteristically react with the sweat apparatus, except for concanavalin A (con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), although the striking histopathologic resemblance to syringoma suggested its histogenic relation to eccrine glands initially.
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PMID:Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma masquerading as syringoma of the scalp. 215 56

Twenty-five patients with stage II ductal breast carcinoma followed up for ten years were studied for the presence of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Overall expression of CEA was 60%. The ten year survival rate was significantly higher for patients with CEA-negative tumours (70%) than for patients with CEA-positive tumours (27%), while the difference between the survival rate of patients with (30%) or without (53%) lymph node involvement did not reach significance. Among the 10 patients with lymph node involvement, CEA-negative patients had a better outcome. These results suggest that there is a correlation between the presence of tissue CEA and the prognosis of the disease, and that CEA status might possibly be more important than lymph node involvement, at least within stage II breast carcinomas.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1990 May
PMID:Tissue carcinoembryonic antigen in the prognosis of early invasive breast cancer. 216 51

To evaluate CA 15-3, a new breast cancer associated antigen, and to compare it with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), all patients presenting with breast cancer had preoperative and serial (3-monthly) postoperative levels measured. Of 124 patients with primary breast cancer, 23% had an elevated CA 15-3 (greater than 25 units/ml) while 11% had an elevated CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) (p = not significant). Neither marker was an indicator of spread to regional lymph nodes in primary breast cancer. In 45 recurrences of breast cancer, CA 15-3 was elevated at the time of first recurrence in 58% while CEA was elevated in 47% (p = not significant). Of 17 patients with locoregional recurrence alone, none had a CA 15-3 above 40 units/ml while 11 of 12 with synchronous locoregional and distant recurrence had a CA 15-3 level greater than 40 units/ml (chi 2: 21.36, p less than 0.0001). This study shows that CA 15-3, like CEA, is of little clinical value in primary breast cancer. CA 15-3, however, is an accurate indicator (overall accuracy, 97%) of synchronous distant metastases in patients with locoregional recurrence from breast cancer. This information has important implications for further investigation and management of such patients.
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PMID:CEA and CA 15-3 in primary and recurrent breast cancer. 223 54


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