Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In contrast to malignant lymphomas or skin cancer, smooth muscle tumors including leiomyosarcoma are rarely associated with transplant recipients. We herein present a 33-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease who received a transplant at 27 years of age. Four years after the transplantation, at age 31, she underwent a mastectomy because of primary right breast cancer, which was found to be a 5-mm-sized mucinous carcinoma with no regional lymph node metastasis. Six years after the transplantation, a liver tumor was unexpectedly discovered. An explorative laparotomy revealed a well-encapsulated tumor occupying the posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. The patient underwent a posterior segmentectomy. Histologically, the tumor possessed intermingling fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated nuclei. Based on an immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were positive for the muscle-associated antibody. In addition, RNA probes for Epstein-Barr virus were negative based on in situ hybridization. The histologic, immunohistochemical findings were considered to be diagnostic for leiomyosarcoma, which is a low-grade malignancy. Two years after surgery, the patient is doing well with no recurrence of liver tumors or breast cancer.
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PMID:Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a woman after renal transplantation: report of a case. 1206 99

In this study, we describe the growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45beta (GADD45beta), whose expression was significantly down-regulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microarray study and confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The results suggested that expression of GADD45beta was decreased in human liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B, but not in normal human embryonic liver cell line CL-48 or normal liver tissue. Histochemistry study and real-time PCR further confirmed that GADD45beta staining in HCC was significantly decreased when compared to surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. In further studies of multiple human cancer tissues, GADD45beta strongly stained tissues such as colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell cancer, lymphoma, and leiomyosarcoma, suggesting that the decreased expression of GADD45beta is specific to HCC. Eighty-five cases of primary HCC were further examined by immunohistochemistry and statistical analyses demonstrated that HCC scored lower than matched non-neoplastic liver tissues consistently and significantly. No staining occurred in 12.94% of HCC cases (score = 0, n = 11); 42.35% had weak staining (score = 1, n = 36); 27.06% had moderate staining (score = 2, n = 23); and 17.65% had staining as strong as normal tissue (score = 3, n = 15). Overall, surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue was highly positive for GADD45beta compared to adjacent neoplastic liver tissues (P < 0.01). We further observed that down-regulation of GADD45beta expression was strongly correlated with differentiation (P < 0.01) and high nuclear grade (P < 0.01). Moreover, we found that expression of GADD45beta was inversely correlated to the presence of mutant p53 in HCC tissue (P < 0.05). Thus, the results of our study suggest that GADD45beta, which is down-regulated in most cases of HCC, remains an ideal candidate for development as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of HCC and as a potential therapeutic target.
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PMID:Down-regulation of growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45beta expression is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma. 1275 52

An unusual case of breast cancer metastatic to leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is reported. The patient had multiple metastases from the breast carcinoma and presented a pelvic mass in its evolution. A laparotomy with total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy was performed to give pain relief. A review of the world literature about these uncommon sites of breast metastases is presented.
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PMID:Breast cancer metastatic to uterine leiomyosarcoma. A case report and review of the literature. 1280 52

This study assessed the clinical usefulness of a new technetium-99m labelled somatostatin analogue from the standpoint of oncological diagnostics. The study group comprised 40 patients in whom malignant neoplasms (32 primary and 8 metastatic) had been diagnosed. Among the primary tumours there were 21 cases of lung cancer (2 small cell and 19 non-small cell), seven pituitary adenomas (five hormonally active and two inactive), one liposarcoma, two carcinoids and one breast carcinoma. The metastatic tumours consisted of three malignant melanomas, one phaeochromocytoma, one prostatic cancer, one leiomyosarcoma, one pancreatic carcinoma ectopically secreting ACTH and one carcinoid of the thymus. The radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide was administered i.v. at an activity of 740-925 MBq. The imaging comprised a whole-body scan and a single-photon emission tomography acquisition. Positive scintigrams were obtained in all cases of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, four out of five hormonally active pituitary adenomas, one out of two cases of carcinoid, the liposarcoma and the breast cancer. Neoplastic metastases were visualised in two out of three patients with melanoma and in patients with phaeochromocytoma, ACTH-secreting pancreatic carcinoma and thymic carcinoid. Scintigrams were negative in both hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas, in one case of metastatic malignant melanoma, in the leiomyosarcoma and in the case of metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. The results of this pilot study indicate that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is a potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for imaging of a wide range of primary and metastatic tumours. Special attention should be paid to the successful imaging of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy in oncological diagnostics: a preliminary communication. 1512 15

The in vitro antiproliferative or stimulatory activity of an aqueous mistletoe extract (AME) with a defined content of bioactive mistletoe lectin (ML) was investigated in 6 human tumor cell lines, including two melanomas and leiomyosarcomas, each of which had previously been reported to show evidence of growth stimulation if treated with low concentrations of isolated ML. The effects of AME were compared to that of the standard cytotoxic agent adriamycin (ADR) using the well established propidium iodide and sulforhodamin B proliferation assays. The AME concentrations used ranged from 0.5 pg to 5 ng (0.82 fMol-85 pM) bioactive ML/ml in melanoma (HT-144, SK-MEL-28) and leiomyosarcoma (SK-MLS-1, S-UT-1B) cell lines and from 0.1-100 ng ML/ml (1.7 pM-1.7 nM) in MCF-7 breast cancer and SW620 colon carcinoma cell lines, respectively. The influence of AME on cell growth was determined at various time-points from 24 hours to 6 days of exposure. We found a time- and cell line-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth, but no reproducible stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) for e.g. the SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell line, decreased from 4.1 ng ML/ml at 24 hours to 0.16 ng ML/ml at 72 hours and 0.18 ng ML/ml at 5 days. Our data clearly demonstrate that, by applying scientifically valid methods and procedures, the standardized AME did not stimulate tumor cell proliferation but showed time- and concentration-dependent antiproliferative effects.
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PMID:No evidence of stimulation of human tumor cell proliferation by a standardized aqueous mistletoe extract in vitro. 1466 80

A 61 years old female was treated by total lumpectomy due to a palpable and radiologically demonstrable tumor measuring 22 cm in diameter in the left breast. Two different but directly neighboured malignant tumours were found: a poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma and a well differentiated invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast. The latter had metastasized in 4 axillary lymph nodes. Three months after surgery the patient died. Post-mortem studies showed many metastases of the leiomyosarcoma in both lungs, the heart, the liver, the left kidney and both adrenals. Cause of death were relapsing pulmonary thrombembolisms. Case reports of leiomyosarcomas following radiotherapy of the breast cancer are published but coincidental occurrence of both metastasizing tumors are so far not known from the literature.
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PMID:[Syntopical and synchronous leiomyosarcoma and papillary carcinoma of the female breast]. 1499 26

The review included 163 cases of paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) reported between 1990 and 2003, including a new unique case of PNP associated with occult breast cancer and an ovarian cyst of borderline malignancy. Hematologic-related neoplasms or disorders were associated with 84% of the cases, with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (38.6%) as the most frequent, followed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18.4%) and Castleman's disease (18.4%). The non-hematologic neoplasms comprised 16% of all cases: epithelial origin-carcinoma (8.6%), mesenchymal origin-sarcoma (6.2%), and malignant melanoma (0.6%). Carcinoma cases comprised 58% of the non-hematologic neoplasms. Carcinoma cases (n = 14) consisted of adenocarcinoma (n = 7), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2), multiple skin tumors probably basal cell carcinoma (n = 1), and bronchogenic carcinoma (n = 1). Of the 10 (6.2%) sarcoma cases, there was one case each of leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant nerve sheath tumor, poorly differentiated sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, dendritic cell sarcoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The oral mucosa was involved in all of cases. Isolated oral ulcerations were the first sign in 45% of the cases. Diffuse and persistent oral ulcerations with a progressive course could be a sign of malignancy, either recognized or occult. In the absence of a clear diagnosis, malignancy should be suspected and extensive work-up performed. The full spectrum of signs of PNP may not be present initially. Repeated biopsies, direct and indirect immunofluorescence as well as screening indirect immunofluorescence on murine bladder are required for diagnosis. Clinicians should be highly suspicious when signs and symptoms suggestive of PNP are present in cancer patients, of hematologic and non-hematologic origin.
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PMID:Neoplasms associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus: a review with emphasis on non-hematologic malignancy and oral mucosal manifestations. 1506 82

Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat malignant tumors, but it leads to side effects and complications. Postradiation sarcomas developing from a previously irradiated area are especially vicious to deal with, though their occurrence is rare. This article focuses on the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic effects concerning postradiation soft tissue sarcomas (PRSTSs). A series of 14 PRSTSs treated between 1979 and 2000 in five hospitals in Japan were analyzed. Their histological types were malignant fibrous histiocytoma (eight cases), extraskeletal osteosarcoma (four cases), fibrosarcoma (one case), and leiomyosarcoma (one case). The primary diagnoses, RT history, latent period, and outcome of treatment were studied retrospectively. The original tumors included uterine cancer (seven cases), breast cancer (four cases), synovial sarcoma (one case), squamous cell carcinoma (one case), and Hodgkin's disease (one case). There were 13 women and 1 man, with ages ranging from 23 to 77 years (mean 58 years) at the time of the appearance of the PRSTS. RT doses ranged from 48 to 91 Gy (mean 62 Gy). The latent period from RT to the occurrence of the PRSTS varied from 4 to 27 years (mean 12.6 years). Altogether, 4 of 13 patients (31%) had recurrence of the sarcoma after resection. Of the 10 patients whose tumors were removed with a wide margin, one had a local recurrence; 3 cases were performed with a marginal margin and all 3 had a local recurrence. One of three who underwent RT and one of five who underwent chemotherapy (CT) responded. Of the 14 patients, 6 (42.9 %) survived continuously disease free, 2 (14.3%) died from other causes, 2 (14.3%) has an unknown outcome, and 4 (28.6 %) died of the disease during the follow-up period of 16-36 months (mean 24 months). The deaths due to other causes included an esophageal cancer and a wound infection. The prognosis of the PRSTS patients was not poor if the tumor could be removed with a wide surgical margin. Because adjuvant therapies including RT and CT had a poor effect on PRSTSs, the primary treatment of PRSTSs should be radical resection with a wide margin.
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PMID:Postradiation soft tissue sarcoma: a multiinstitutional analysis of 14 cases in Japan. 1516 77

The clinical usefulness of a new 99mTc-labeled somatostatin analogue has been studied from the standpoint of oncological diagnostics. The group of patients studied included 40 individuals with diagnosed malignant neoplasms (32 primary and 8 metastatic). Among the primary tumors were 7 pituitary adenomas (5 hormonally active and 2 inactive), 1 liposarcoma, 2 carcinoids, 1 breast carcinoma, and 21 cases of lung cancer (2 small cell and 19 non-small cell) were represented. The metastatic tumors consisted of: 3 malignant melanomas, 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 prostatic cancer, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 pancreatic carcinoma ectopically secreting ACTH, and 1 carcinoid of the thymus. The radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotide, was i.v. administered at the activity of 740-925 MBq. The imaging was comprized of a whole-body scan and single photon emission computed tomography. Positive scintigrams were obtained in 4 of 5 hormonally active pituitary adenomas, in 1 of 2 cases of carcinoid, in liposarcoma, breast cancer, and all cases of small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The neoplastic metastases were visualized in 2 of 3 cases of melanoma and in patients with pheochromocytoma, pancreatic carcinoma secreting ACTH, and thymic carcinoid. Scintigrams were negative in both hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas, in one case of metastatic malignant melanoma, leiomyosarcoma, and in cases of metastasis from the prostatic carcinomas. The results of this pilot study indicated that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is a potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for the imaging of a wide range of primary and metastatic tumors. More detailed indications for the clinical usefulness of the new tracer for the imaging of selected tumor types require studies on much larger groups of patients. Special attention should be paid to the successful imaging of all cases of NSCLC.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy in oncological diagnostics: a pilot study. 1518 7

p53 tumor suppressor is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that controls the expression of many genes in response to diverse stress stimuli. p53 gene is often mutated in human cancer and in cancer cell lines. Several methods are available for identification of p53 mutations, including functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast (FASAY). FASAY distinguishes yeast colonies expressing functional p53 protein from colonies producing a dysfunctional p53 protein simply on the basis of color. We analyzed the p53 status of 26 human cell lines of different tissue origin using the functional assay in yeast. Wild-type p53 was found in six cell lines and various p53 aberrations in the remaining twenty. FASAY detected temperature-sensitive p53 mutations in breast cancer cell line, BT474, and leiomyosarcoma cell line, SK-LMS-1, and two independent p53 point mutations in SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 leiomyosarcoma cell lines. In addition, the assay revealed that a recombination occurred between the two mutated p53 alleles producing a stable ratio of p53 wild-type alleles (11.7 or 2.7% respectively). In the case of acute myeloid leukemia cell line, ML-1, we detected both wild-type and heterozygous p53 status, depending on the source of the cell line. In Hs913T, HL60 and Saos-2 cell lines, FASAY failed to assess p53 status due to a large deletion/rearrangement of the p53 gene. In acute lymphoid leukemia HPB cell line, we disclosed unknown non-sense mutation in codon 124 of the p53 gene.
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PMID:Analysis of p53 status in human cell lines using a functional assay in yeast: detection of new non-sense p53 mutation in codon 124. 1614 49


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