Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of prolactin (PRL) in supporting the growth of human breast cancer is still unclear. The ability to grow primary breast cancer specimens in the soft agar clonogenic assay in the absence of serum gave us the opportunity to evaluate the growth-promoting effect of PRL and to compare it to that of estradiol in the same tumor samples. PRL was tested both at physiological concentrations (20 ng/ml) as well as in pharmacological amounts (200 ng/ml) comparable to circulating blood levels in hyperprolactinemic states. Estradiol was simultaneously tested in physiological amounts (10(-8)M). In 17 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, the lower dose of PRL stimulated colony formation to 126 +/- 5.2% (SE) of control, while the higher dose increased colony number to 159 +/- 10.4% of control. This latter effect was comparable to that observed with estradiol (159 +/- 8.5% of control). The effect of PRL was more pronounced in estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Nine of ten estrogen receptor-positive tumors were PRL sensitive, while three of seven estrogen receptor-negative tumors exhibited a clear response to PRL administration. PRL did not stimulate colony formation in a malignant cystosarcoma phylloides and in two benign lesions (fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease). We conclude that, at least under the conditions of the soft agar clonogenic assay, PRL exerts a dose-dependent growth-promoting effect on human breast cancer. Such effect is comparable to that of estradiol when PRL is added in concentrations similar to circulating blood levels in hyperprolactinemic patients.
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PMID:Promotion by prolactin of the growth of human breast neoplasms cultured in vitro in the soft agar clonogenic assay. 394 57

Multihole needle biopsy has been performed on 166 patients. Commercially available 22-, 20-, 18-, and 16-gauge hypodermic needles (40 to 75 mm in length) are prepared with three sharp-edged holes around the distal part of the needle, allowing aspiration of 3 to 6 ml or more of tissue, for both histologic and cytologic examination. Of patients with carcinoma, fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, intraductal proliferation (papillomatosis), and duct ectasia, multihole needle cytologic examination is significantly more accurate (35% to 83%) than single-hole needle examination (11% to 67%). Multihole needle histologic examination, however, is far more accurate, with diagnostic success ranging from 75% to 94% for the disorders described above. The procedure has several uses. For patients with isolated fibrocystic areas, duct ectasia, or papillomatosis, multihole needle biopsy not only is diagnostic but may also be therapeutic by virtue of removal of abnormal tissue by aspiration. Biopsies of areas of microcalcification can be obtained under x-ray control. In patients at high risk of breast cancer (carcinoma in mother and/or sister), breast aspiration is performed when the slightest suspicion arises. In patients with unilateral breast cancer at high risk of bilateral carcinoma (premenopausal breast cancer, lobular carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, family history of breast cancer), random needle biopsy is performed in the contralateral breast for cancer detection. Furthermore, during follow-up of breast cancer patients, biopsies of locoregional changes or suspicious areas in the contralateral breast are obtained with the multihole needle for diagnostic evaluation. Thus multihole needle biopsy represents an improvement over the single-hole needle currently used, with enough tissue provided for adequate initial diagnosis and follow-up diagnostic evaluations in patients with benign and malignant breast disease.
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PMID:Breast aspiration biopsy with multihole needles for histologic and cytologic examination. 396 10

We reported previously that incubation of [3H] androsterone in homogenates of human breast tumor resulted in production of long chain fatty acid esters of androsterone (A-LCFE). To identify the individual A-LCFE, breast tumor homogenates were incubated with androsterone, then submitted to solvent extraction, Celite chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and OH- negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The (M-1)-ions of the oleate, linoleate, palmitoleate, palmitate, arachidonate, and stearate esters of androsterone were produced. The first 3 cited unsaturated esters accounted for over 90% of the total. Since fibrocystic disease of the breast is a reported risk factor for the development of breast cancer, breast cyst fluids were analyzed for A-LCFE as part of an overall program to relate endocrine profiles in cyst fluid to the incidence of cancer. Breast cyst fluids were analyzed for total A-LCFE by a method involving solvent extraction, saponification, purification of the liberated androsterone, and then quantification of the steroid by RIA. The 10 fluids analyzed contained 0.52-3.79 ng/ml fatty acid esters, measured as androsterone. In 4 of these samples, the individual A-LCFE were analyzed by mass spectrometry. As in the incubation study, the unsaturated fatty acid esters predominated. In 3 samples, palmitoleate and in 1 sample, oleate predominated. The palmitate varied from undetectable to 25% of the total. The divergent total concentrations and profiles of A-LCFE indicate potential parameters for correlations with the subsequent course of fibrocystic disease of the breast.
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PMID:Androsterone long chain fatty acid esters in human breast cyst fluid. 398 Jun 74

Information from published case-control studies on benign breast disease was pooled using standard statistical methods to obtain single, overall risk estimates. This analysis showed that higher socio-economic status (pooled relative risk, RR = 1.24, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.13-1.37), later menopause (pooled RR = 1.87, 95%, CI = 1.67-2.11) and late age at first birth (pooled RR = 1.30, 95%, CI = 1.13-1.50) were associated with an increased risk of benign breast disease, whereas an apparent protection was given by greater body mass index (pooled RR = 0.58, 95%, CI = 0.50-0.67) and the use of oral contraceptives (pooled RR = 0.75, 95%, CI = 0.67-0.83). The role of these factors did not appear to be materially different in the various histopathologic categories considered, although available information allowed only a general distinction between breast dysplasia (fibrocystic disease) and benign tumors, chiefly fibroadenoma. In conclusion, the general evidence from published studies indicates that benign breast lumps appear to share a number of important risk factors with breast cancer.
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PMID:Risk factors for benign breast disease and their relation with breast cancer risk. Pooled information from epidemiologic studies. 400 47

Epidemiologic data were obtained, and nipple aspiration attempted, from 289 healthy women, 548 women currently having or with a history of benign breast disease, 153 untreated women with breast cancer, and 106 women previously treated by mastectomy. Breast duct fluid was produced in detectable amounts by 59% of the controls and patients with benign or untreated malignant breast disease; in 35% the volume was in excess of 10 microliters. There were more secretors aged 30 to 50 years (72%), than either those who were younger (52%), or older (44%). Overall, 57% of premenopausal women were secretors, compared with 38% of postmenopausal women. Healthy women who had their menarche before age 13 years were more likely to be secretors. Neither parity, age at first completed pregnancy, nor body weight affected secretor status. There was a trend for the 141 benign breast disease patients aged 40 to 49 years to include more women yielding greater than 10 microliter of fluid (57%) compared with 46 controls (39%). Although breast cancer per se did not appear to influence secretor status, postmastectomy patients were more likely to secrete large fluid volumes, an effect that was particularly pronounced after menopause. Hormonal factors related to age and fibrocystic disease risk and endocrine activity after mastectomy may be the principal determinants influencing the secretion of breast duct fluid.
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PMID:Nipple aspirates of breast fluid and the epidemiology of breast disease. 402 83

Conservative management of breast masses in adolescents is generally advocated in consideration of the low incidence of breast cancer. A retrospective chart review of 130 female patients seen in a general adolescent clinic over a two-year period was performed. The mean age was 17.5 years (range 12-21). One hundred and seven (88% of available data) had self-discovered lesions. Fibrocystic disease was clinically diagnosed in 66 (51%) patients, while 19 (15%) had fibroadenomas and 17 (13%) had a normal breast examination. Of the remaining patients, six (5%) had mastalgia, five (4%) had mastitis/abscess, three (2%) has asymmetry, three (2%) had hypertrophy, two (1%) had breast changes of early pregnancy, two (1%) had hematoma, one (1%) had axillary lymphadenopathy, and six (5%) had unknown. Excisional biopsy was performed on eleven patients; it revealed fibroadenoma in eight, and one each had a hematoma, granular cell myoblastoma, and breast abscess. Improvement or complete resolution of breast masses was documented in 31 (47%) of the patients with fibrocystic disease.
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PMID:Breast masses in adolescent females. 404 71

The association between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of benign breast disease was assessed in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Connecticut during 1979-81. Current smokers, but not former smokers, were at reduced risk for all benign breast diseases. The odds ratios associated with current smoking were 0.7 (95% confidence intervals = 0.6, 0.9) for fibrocystic breast disease, 0.6 (95% confidence intervals = 0.5, 0.9) for fibroadenoma, 0.6 (95% confidence intervals = 0.4, 1.0) for fibrocystic breast disease concomitant with fibroadenoma, and 0.6 (95% confidence intervals = 0.5, 0.9) for other benign breast disease. Adjustments for potentially confounding variables, including indices of medical care utilisation, affected these odds ratios only slightly. There was no convincing evidence of an association, either negative or positive, between current cigarette smoking and the degree of epithelial atypia of the fibrocystic lesions. However, the negative association between fibrocystic disease and current cigarette smoking was strongest for atypical lobular hyperplasia, which in turn has been associated with a particularly elevated risk of subsequent breast cancer.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and benign breast disease. 408 61

Antibody to a breast cancer antigen was detected by immunodiffusion or complement fixation in at least one serum sample in 46% of 84 patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma, 34% of 96 patients with fibrocystic disease and 25% of 44 patients with fibroadenoma. A single serum sample obtained from screenees of the Detection Center for Breast Diseases was tested by immunodiffusion only and antibody was found in 3 of 206 screenees (1.5%). Eleven of 13 patients with breast cancer metastatic to lymph nodes and no detectable serum antibody either had recurrence or were dead within 12 months of mastectomy. Fifteen of 18 patients with breast cancer metastatic to lymph nodes and with detectable serum antibody were alive and free of disease for up to 24 months. Histologic slides from patients with a diagnosis of fibrocystic disease or fibroadenoma were reviewed for the presence of ductal epithelial hyperplasia. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was present in a similar per cent of patients with no detectable serum antibody as those with antibody detected in the serum. Severe sinus histiocytosis of the axillary lymph nodes was present in 45% of those cancer patients with serum antibody and only 11% of those cancer patients with no detectable serum antibody.
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PMID:Serum antibody in patients with breast disease: Correlation with histopathology. 420 18

Alpha-lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase secreted by the mammary epithelial cells, was isolated and purified from fresh human milk and injected into rabbits for antibody production. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was done on various types of breast lesions to assess the relationship, if any, between histologic type and production of alpha-lactalbumin. Fifty percent of fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease and 63% of infiltrating ductal carcinoma showed positive reaction. No false positives were found on IIF of alpha-lactalbumin of several tumors of nonmammary tissue. These findings suggest that IIF for alpha-lactalbumin may be helpful in ascertaining the site of origin of metastatic breast tumors. However, serum alpha-lactalbumin was detected by radioimmunoassay in only 10% of women with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, indicating that this may not be a useful marker for the presence of breast cancer at least by the method employed. This discrepancy between serum and tissue alpha-lactalbumin may be due to the short half-life of serum alpha-lactalbumin or to the lack of secretion of the protein into the blood. There was no apparent relationship between the presence of estrogen receptors or serum prolactin and alpha-lactalbumin in the 27 mammary carcinomas investigated.
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PMID:Detection of alpha-lactalbumin in breast lesions and relationship to estrogen receptors and serum prolactin. 625 44

Fusion of spleen cells, from mice immunized against the human hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1, with murine myeloma cells resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma cell line, HY59-H10 (H59). The purified monoclonal IgM produced by the hybridoma reacts with the most differentiated human breast tumor cell lines but not with cells derived from normal breast secretions or with numerous other malignant cell lines. Of 106 biopsy specimens examined, H59 bound to 54% of malignant breast specimens, to 83% of fibroadenomas, and to 82% of specimens containing fibrocystic disease.
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PMID:Characterization of a monoclonal antibody reactive with a subset of human breast tumors. 627 51


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