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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancerembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) have been measured in cancer patients and patients with benign diseases. Of 168 patients with intestinal cancer, almost 90% had increasing concentrations of either CEA or beta2m or both. In 29 patients at different stages of pancreatic cancer there was a high incidence of increased values in the more severe cases. In 60 patients with histologically classified colorectal cancer the TNomegaMomega group of 19 patients had 47% and 42% of elevated beta2m and CEA respectively. A significant correlation of beta2m or CEA to extension of disease was noted. In benign intestinal disease like cirrhosis and pancreatitis both beta2m and CEA is commonly elevated. Of 26 breast cancer patients, seven had elevated CEA and five had elevated beta2m values before treatment. In the patients with extraganglionary metastasis almost 90% had high beta2m or CEA or both. Of 40 patients with uterine cancer, 26 were found to have increased values of beta2m or CEA or both. Finally, 140 colorectal cancer patients, 62 patients with breast cancer and 10 patients with uterine cancer have been followed longitudinally.
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PMID:[beta2-Microglobulin in cancer patients (author's transl)]. 8 77

All type C retroviruses are lysed by human serum in apparently antibody-independent, complement-mediated reactions. In contrast, we have now determined that the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), a type B retrovirus, is not disrupted by normal human serum. MMTV was lysed, however, when rabbit antibody to whole MMTV was added to the serum. By taking advantage of this dependence of MMTV lysis on specific antibody, a virolytic assay was developed, based on the measurement of reverse transcriptase released from disrupted virions, to search for evidence of antibodies to MMTV in human sera. Significantly greater virolytic activity was detected in the sera of patients with breast cancer than in sera of patients with benign disease (P less than 0.001) or colorectal cancer (P less than 0.001) or in sera from apparently healthy individuals (P less than 0.002). This assay thus appears to be able to detect a unique attribute, possibly the presence of an antibody crossreacting with MMTV, in serum in patient with breast cancer.
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PMID:Virolysis of mouse mammary tumor virus by sera from breast cancer patients. 8 36

Great progress has been made in recent years in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer; however, breast cancer continues to be the most common and lethal cancer in women today. Early diagnosis is essential in order for treatment to be given before the tumor spreads beyond the breast. The radiation risks of mammography have been greatly reduced with the use of newer low-dose techniques, and the benefits of mammography have increased because of a better understanding of the natural history of breast cancer, as well as improved methods of treatment. Radiologists must continue to take an active role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Continued research is needed in order to improve screening methods and to develop newer, noninvasive techniques.
CRC Crit Rev Diagn Imaging 1979
PMID:Current status of mammography. 38 4

The individual medical histories in the files of the Oxford Record Linkage Study for the years 1963 to 1967 were analyzed to ascertain any previously unsuspected associations between cancers of the large bowel and other diseases in individuals, and to quantify the relative risks of disorders already known to be associated. In males significant associations were shown between cancers of the large bowel and cancer of the prostate. In females, cancer of the colon was associated with breast cancer, and cancer of the rectum with a mixed group of genital cancers. The relative risk of colorectal cancer associated with previous benign neoplasms of the large bowel was 20, and with ulcerative colitis, 25. There was no significant association with appendicitis or long-standing diverticular disease.
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PMID:Cancers of the large bowel: associated disorders in individuals. 45 40

The Third National Cancer Survey of 1969--71 included the five counties of the San Francisco--Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The complete cancer reporting for this area, begun by the Third National Cancer Survey, was continued by the California Tumor Registry as part of the San Francisco Bay Area Resource for Cancer Epidemiology. The population-based cancer-reporting system provided an excellent data base for epidemiologic studies, a number of which (planned or in progress) were described briefly. Those in progress include: cancer of the ovary, corpus uteri, and breast as related to child bearing, fertility, exogenous hormones, etc.; the relationship of diet to breast cancer occurrence among Japanese; diet and colorectal cancer among blacks; and the relationship of cervical cancer to cytology in Alameda County. Other study proposals are under consideration.
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PMID:Cancer epidemiology in the San Francisco Bay Area. 61 52

1. Cancer of the large bowel is second in cancer incidence to lung cancer in Kentucky and in the United States. It is second only to breast cancer in women. 2. It is far more common in the United States and countries with people in the higher socio-economic levels. 3. In addition to the well known associated or premalignant disease, diets high in fats and proteins are thought to increase the risk of the disease. 4. Much research is being carried on to determine other factors in the etiology of this condition. 5. The treatment of choice is still surgical removal of the lesion and all node-bearing and neighboring tissue, including the no-touch isolation technique with early ligation of the section of bowel to be removed. 6. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are of proven value in more advanced disease. 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen is of value in the prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Cancer of the large bowel with special reference to incidence and etiology. 71 4

An improved micromethod for evaluating in vitro lymphocyte blastogenetic activity, a modification of the method of Park and Good, is devised and used in 111 stomach cancer, 34 colorectal cancer, and 22 breast cancer cases. Follow-up information on the lymphocyte blastogenetic activity levels was available in 28 stomach cancer patients after the clinically complete removal of the tumor. In 16 patients with early stomach cancer the lymphocyte blastogenetic level did not differ greatly from a control values from healthy volunteers. However, in 66 advanced stomach cancer cases, statistically lower levels were encountered. After the complete removal of the tumor in 28 stomach cancer patients, the lymphocyte blastogenetic values rose postoperatively. The lymphocyte blastogenetic levels in patients with curative colorectal cancer or curative breast cancer were significantly higher than those patients with non-curative tumors.
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PMID:Value of lymphocyte reactivity induced by phytohemagglutinin in the treatment of malignant diseases. 85 63

Gemcitabine (dFdC) and DMDC are new antimetabolites with good antitumor activities against various tumors which include human leukemic cell lines and a number of rodent and human solid tumors and human tumor. They are structurally related to cytarabine (Ara-C) which is known as one of the most effective drugs against adult acute leukemia, but many solid tumors are insensitive not been found to the drug. Gemcitabine acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and inhibits DNA synthesis. Biochemically Gemcitabine is rapidly phosphorylated to dFdCTP which has a comparatively longer half-life than that of Ara-C, showing a therapeutic activity against tumors. In the phase I trials, the reported maximum-tolerated doses were 790 mg/m2 to 1370 mg/m2 at the schedule of 30 minutes i.v. infusion once a week for three weeks but higher dose levels (2,500 mg/m2 to 4,800 mg/m2) were reported in the schedule of prolongation of the infusion time. Reported toxicities were myelosuppression, fatigability, fever, appetite loss and skin rash. Toxicities were seemed to be mild. In USA, Europe and South Africa, phase II trials of Gemcitabine at the schedule of 30 minutes infusion once a week for three weeks followed by one week rest were performed against solid tumors (breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer) and showed good responses to those tumors. DMDC was developed in Japan, and a phase I trial is currently on-going.
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PMID:[New antitumor antimetabolites--gemcitabine and DMDC]. 133 22

Topoisomerase I represents a unique new target that can be exploited for development of new antineoplastic agents. There are now two new topoisomerase I inhibitors that are in early clinical trials that have generated a tremendous amount of interest. Topotecan (SKF 104864-A) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that has been explored in phase I trials using a variety of dosages and schedules. The dose-limiting toxicity of the agent is neutropenia. Other toxicities include alopecia, very mild nausea and vomiting, anemia, and occasional fever. Responses have already been noted in patients with advanced, refractory ovarian cancer and non--small-cell lung cancer. The drug is currently undergoing intense phase II testing. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is also a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which has already undergone extensive phase I and early phase II clinical testing in both Japan and the United States. Dose-limiting toxicities of the agent have included neutropenia and diarrhea. Responses have been noted in patients with refractory colorectal cancer, non--small-cell lung cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. There is no doubt both of these agents will be important additions to our chemotherapy armamentarium.
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PMID:Clinical trials with the topoisomerase I inhibitors. 133 79

A predisposition to the development of certain specific and familial cancers is associated with the inheritance of a single mutated gene. In the best-characterized cases, this primary mutation is a loss of function mutation consistent with viability but resulting in neoplastic change consequent to the acquisition of a second somatic mutation at the same locus. Such genes are referred to as tumor-suppressor genes. Classical examples are the Rb-1 gene associated with the development of retinoblastoma and the p53 gene, which is associated with a wider range of neoplasms, including breast cancer. Other tumor-suppressor genes have been isolated which are associated with Wilms' tumor, neurofibromatosis, and inherited and sporadic forms of colorectal cancer. Some of these genes appear to act as negative regulators of mitotic cycle genes, and others may have different properties. The nature of these genes is discussed, as is the evidence for the involvement of tumor-suppressor genes in other inherited, and sporadic, forms of cancer. Some recent data on the Wilms' tumor gene, WT1, and on the involvement of the p53 gene in breast cancer are presented, and the importance of genomic imprinting in contributing to the excess of suppressor gene mutations in chromosomes of paternal origin is considered.
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PMID:Tumor-suppressor genes: cardinal factors in inherited predisposition to human cancers. 133 26


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