Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intravenous application of 89-strontium for the relief of pain in 43 patients with breast cancer, bronchogenic cancer, carcinoma of the prostate, hypernephroma and lymphoma with generalized bone metastases is reported. A remarkable clinical improvement was achieved in 33 (76.7%) patients. In four patients a transient analgesic effect was observed. In six cases no response could be achieved. The therapeutic effect usually was long-lasting. At the same time, an increase of alkaline phosphatase was observed, which was interpreted as an indication for the stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoid peripheral zones owing to beta-emission of the radioisotope in the affected areas. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of 85Sr in the bone scan and the therapeutic result of 89Sr-therapy. The indication for such therapy and possible late adverse effects of bone-seeking isotopes are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Endo-osseous isotope therapy of malignant skeletal disease (author's transl)]. 14 38

Antiestrogens, e.g., nafoxidine, tamoxifen, and clomiphene, have been reported to induce objective clinical remissions in patients with breast cancer. Review of data indicates activity of these agents in renal and prostate cancer. In a trial of nafoxidine in 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 2 complete and 1 partial regressions were observed. Stabilization of the disease for 3 months was noted in 5 patients. In another trial, 2 of 4 patients with renal cancer responded to tamoxifen. Similar experiences have been recorded in endometrial cancer with clomiphene. In patients with prostatic cancer, responses have been reported in 1 of 2 patients receiving nafoxidine and in 2 of 4 receiving tamoxifen. These preliminary clinical data should encourage trial of antiestrogens in malignancies other than breast cancer. Estrogen receptor studies may help identify patients most likely to benefit. These agents have a relative lack of toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Letter: Antiestrogens in the treatment of cancer. 93 94

Frequent loss of heterozygosity at chromosomal loci in a specific tumor type may indicate the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. We have examined loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 8p in paired tumor and constitutional DNA from 346 patients representing seven different types of human cancer. Frequent allelic losses were observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (22 of 46 cases, 47.8%), in colorectal cancer (12 of 26, 46.2%), and in non-small cell lung cancer (14 of 35, 40.0%), in contrast to low frequencies detected in breast cancer (5 of 56, 8.9%) and renal cell carcinoma (2 of 27, 7.4%). Ovarian cancer and gastric cancer showed intermediate frequencies of 33.3% and 22.2%. Subsequent analysis of 120 hepatocellular carcinomas and 94 colorectal cancers with five polymorphic markers along the short arm of chromosome 8 defined commonly deleted regions within the same chromosomal interval, 8p23. 1-8p21.3, suggesting that one or more tumor suppressor genes for both cancers may be present in that region.
 ...
PMID:Frequent loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 8p in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. 135 16

Improved survival rates of cancer patients have led to an increase in the incidence of metastatic disease of the bone. Normal load and minimal trauma may result in pathological fractures. The malignant diseases most commonly diagnosed were breast cancer, bronchial carcinoma and hypernephroma. The majority of the patients treated were female. The average interval observed between diagnosis of primary malignant disease and occurrence of the pathological fracture was 2.8 years. The purpose of the surgical procedure is to achieve immediate and lasting stability and ultimately to increase and restore the quality of life. Immediate postoperative mobilization and early functional treatment are an indispensable part of the management of pathologic fractures. If possible extensive bone destructions involving the risk of fracture should be stabilized prophylactically. Specific techniques of composite osteosyntheses of fractures in metastatic disease of the bone are presented.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of metastasis-induced pathologic fractures]. 138 16

The distribution of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity in extracts of tumors from 74 patients was measured. The results demonstrated that there was considerable variation of MGMT activity in different human tumor tissues as well as in different individuals. The mean values (X +/- SD, pmol/mg of protein) in breast cancer, stomach cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, brain tumors, colon carcinoma and malignant melanoma were 1.071 +/- 0.374 (9), 0.515 +/- 0.107 (5), 0.509 +/- 0.251 (5), 0.461 +/- 0.227 (24), 0.329 +/- 0.246 (5), 0.273 +/- 0.376 (5), 0.244 +/- 0.175 (14), 0.242 +/- 0.308 (5) and 0.201 +/- 0.161 (2) respectively. It was notable that six samples (1/24 non-small cell lung cancer, 3/5 esophageal carcinoma, 1/14 brain tumors and 1/5 colon carcinoma) did not have any detectable level of MGMT activity. Activity of glutamine pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was also measured in the same extracts used for the assay of MGMT activity. The activity of GPT in these samples with undetectable level of MGMT activity was similar to those with significant MGMT activity. These results further strengthen the assumption that a certain fraction of human tumors are Mer-.
 ...
PMID:O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity in human tumors. 139 31

Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract were identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 14 patients. Malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer were the most common primary cancers in four, three, and three patients, respectively. Osteogenic sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, Meckel cell carcinoma of the skin, and germ-cell tumor were the primary cancer in the remaining four. The esophagus was involved in three patients, the stomach in 13, duodenum in four, and papilla of Vater in one. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia were the most common presenting features. There was correlation between symptoms and endoscopic findings in all patients. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract at endoscopy was the initial and only evidence of metastases in all patients without evidence of metastases elsewhere, as evidenced by other diagnostic tests in any of these patients. Endoscopic biopsies and/or brush cytology provided histologic diagnosis in all 14 patients. The endoscopic and nonendoscopic literature regarding metastases to the upper gastrointestinal tract is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract: endoscopic experience. 962 52

A rare case of renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle is reported. A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our institution on November 26, 1987 complaining of left-half headache for one month. She had a past history of right nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma 4 years before admission, and of right radical mastectomy due to breast cancer 10 years before admission. She had no abnormal neurological findings and laboratory results were normal. CT scan revealed a well-circumscribed, apparently homogeneously enhancing mass in the left lateral ventricle with mild ventricular dilatation. Left vertebral angiogram showed a tumor stain fed by the left posterior choroidal artery. The most likely diagnosis was thought to be metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. The patient underwent the operation for tumor removal via the posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach 14 days after admission. A histological examination of the tumor determined the diagnosis of clear-cell type renal cell carcinoma. The operation was uneventful and the patient was discharged 20 days after operation without neurological deficit. But she had recent-memory disturbance, low activity, and gait disturbance in May 1989. CT scan revealed ventricular dilatation and tumor recurrence at the same site. She also suffered from diabetes due to the regrowth and invasion of primary tumor to the pancreas. She was discharged free of neurological defects after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. In December 1989, she gradually deteriorated due to the regrowth of the intraventricular metastatic lesion, and now she is bedridden. Choroid plexus metastasis is quite rare, and, to our knowledge, only three cases have been described.
 ...
PMID:[Renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to choroid plexus of lateral ventricle; a case report]. 157 73

Recent progress in elucidating the complex and heterogeneous interactions between malignancy and coagulation or fibrinolysis reactions in humans has clarified the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation that occurs with malignancy and has revealed evidence for two distinct pathways of growth regulation based on production by tumor cells of initiators of thrombin formation versus plasminogen activators. We have proposed a preliminary classification of tumors (see Table 2) based on these interactions. Type I tumors are those in which the tumor cells are associated with an intact coagulation pathway that leads to thrombin formation at the tumor periphery but in which the tumor cells lack u-PA. Examples of tumors in this category include SCCL, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Type II tumors are those in which the tumor cells express u-PA but lack an associated coagulation pathway leading to thrombin formation. Examples of type II tumors include prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and N-SCLC. Type III tumors are those that express neither of these pathways, or exhibit some other pattern of interaction. Obviously, this formulation must be regarded as hypothetical. However, this concept fits with the limited data available to date from clinical trials. More importantly, this hypothesis can be tested further by means of intervention aimed at interrupting pathways relevant to specific tumor types. Characterization of additional tumor types by the methods described should permit amplification of this classification of tumors and other patterns of interaction may be defined. Exploration of the coagulation-cancer interaction holds considerable promise for gaining new understanding of both the coagulation mechanism and tumor biology. Most intriguing is the prospect that imaginative approaches to cancer treatment may be devised that are not only relatively nontoxic and low cost, but also effective.
 ...
PMID:Pathways of coagulation/fibrinolysis activation in malignancy. 157 11

Synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor effects through the combined use of natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha) and natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (nHuTNF-alpha) enabled us to decrease the effective dose of each cytokine and consequently to reduce side effects. One hundred and twenty patients with advanced or recurrent solid cancer were entered in the trial from April 1985 to January 1988, of whom 112 patients were evaluable. A mixture of nHuINF-alpha and nHuTNF-alpha was injected intravenously as the maintenance dose 1 x 10(6)U or more/day for over 8 weeks. There was no response in 40 patients injected with the maintenance dose of 1 x 10(6)U/day, but of 72 patients receiving more than 2 x 10(6)U/day (10 micrograms of nHuIFN-alpha and 3 micrograms of nHuTNF-alpha), 4 had complete responses, 10 had partial responses, and 4 had minor responses. The overall response rate was 12.5% (14/112) and the rate was 19.5% in 72 patients with more than 2 x 10(6)U/day. Positive responses were as follows: hepatoma 3/8), renal cell cancer (4/11), breast cancer (4/17), ovarian cancer (1/2), malignant thymoma (1/1) and liposarcoma (1/1). Serious adverse effects like hypotension, oliguria and severe hepatobiliary toxicity were never experienced. The effective and adequate dose of the mixed preparation was considered 2 to 4 x 10(6)U/day/body.
 ...
PMID:Early phase II study of interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha combination in patients with advanced cancer. 157 56

Metastasis of primary renal cell carcinoma to the breast, as in the patient described here, is rare. However, this case illustrates the importance of a high index of suspicion, further diagnostic evaluation based on results of routine tests, and use of appropriate imaging techniques in the workup of a patient with breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as a breast mass. 158 63


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>