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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is emerging as the preferred method of axillary staging for breast cancer patients. To further the use of noninvasive techniques in breast cancer, positron emission tomography (PET) scans have been considered as an alternative axillary staging modality. In order to compare the 2 modalities, we studied 15 invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone a preoperative PET scan before sentinel lymphadenectomy. PET scans were compared to axillary pathology results, which were defined as the greatest diameter of nodal metastases. Primary tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm (median,1.5 cm) and all were ductal in origin except for 1 invasive lobular and 1 mucinous carcinoma. Ten women had completion axillary dissections. Sentinel lymph node dissection was successful in all patients with completion dissections and no false-negative results. Five patients had sentinel node metastases, but PET scans identified only 1 of these patients, resulting in 4 false-negative PET scans. Missed metastases ranged in size from a micrometastatic focus identified only by immunohistochemistry to a nodal tumor measuring 11 mm in diameter. In addition, 1 woman with a PET-positive axilla was tumor free by SLND and remains free of axillary recurrence 29 months postoperatively. Two women had mediastinal uptake by PET scanning and were found to be tumor free after computerized tomography. The results of this preliminary study suggest that PET scanning using current techniques can be used as an adjunct to SLND rather than as an alternative staging technique.
Clin Breast Cancer 2002 Apr
PMID:Positron emission tomography and sentinel lymph node dissection in breast cancer. 1202 Mar 98

In contrast to malignant lymphomas or skin cancer, smooth muscle tumors including leiomyosarcoma are rarely associated with transplant recipients. We herein present a 33-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease who received a transplant at 27 years of age. Four years after the transplantation, at age 31, she underwent a mastectomy because of primary right breast cancer, which was found to be a 5-mm-sized mucinous carcinoma with no regional lymph node metastasis. Six years after the transplantation, a liver tumor was unexpectedly discovered. An explorative laparotomy revealed a well-encapsulated tumor occupying the posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. The patient underwent a posterior segmentectomy. Histologically, the tumor possessed intermingling fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated nuclei. Based on an immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were positive for the muscle-associated antibody. In addition, RNA probes for Epstein-Barr virus were negative based on in situ hybridization. The histologic, immunohistochemical findings were considered to be diagnostic for leiomyosarcoma, which is a low-grade malignancy. Two years after surgery, the patient is doing well with no recurrence of liver tumors or breast cancer.
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PMID:Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a woman after renal transplantation: report of a case. 1206 99

Occasional reports on the coincidence of previous trauma of the breast and the development of invasive breast cancer have been published. Furthermore, traumatic changes of the breast tissue can clinically and radiographically mimic malignant breast disease. We report of a 52-year-old female presenting with increasing mammographic microcalcifications after a trauma of the breast due to a horse bite. Dynamic MRI was able to exclude malignancy at the site of the trauma but did detect a clinically and radiographically nonsymptomatic mucinous carcinoma of the breast.
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PMID:Incidental finding of a mucinous carcinoma of the breast by dynamic MRI in a patient with a history of breast trauma (horse bite): incidental mucinous carcinoma after breast trauma. 1214 Jan 55

We present a very rare case of nodular mucinosis of the breast. A 30-year-old woman noticed a right breast lump and consulted at our hospital because it gradually increased in size. On physical examination, the lump was 30 x 25 mm in size, and was located in the upper outer quadrant close to the nipple of the right breast. It was well-demarcated, mobile and hard. Ultrasonography (US) showed a clearly circumscribed, lobulated, and homogeneous hypoechoic lesion. Mammography (MMG) showed a round-lobular-shaped radiopaque mass without microcalcifications or spicula formation. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) revealed no malignancy and mucin. Histologically, the excised tumor consisted of an abundant myxoid substance with scattered spindle cells without epithelial elements in the mucous lake. The mucinous substance stained positively with Alcian blue. Nodular mucinosis, simulating mucinous carcinoma or phyllodes tumor on clinical and imaging examinations, should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of mucinous lesions occurring near the nipple in a young woman.
Breast Cancer 2002
PMID:Nodular mucinosis of the breast: a case report with clinical and imaging findings. 1218 40

Cystic breast masses are very common in female patients attending breast clinics. Most of them are benign and managed by simple aspiration. We reviewed histology records for the last 12 years to find patients with cystic breast carcinomas and to evaluate special clinical signs that may help to identify patients with this rare entity. Eighteen patients with cystic breast carcinomas were found among 1510 new breast cancer patients (1.19%) who were seen at our Breast Unit during this period. Ten had intracystic papillary carcinoma (0.66% of all breast cancers), seven had cystic degeneration of ductal carcinoma, and one had a mucinous carcinoma. The diagnosis of intracystic papillary carcinoma was based on cyst fluid cytology and breast imaging in most patients and on open breast biopsy in two cases only. The prognosis of our cystic breast carcinoma patients was excellent regardless of the specific histologic type of the tumor. We conclude that cysts in postmenopausal women should be viewed with suspicion. Bloodstained aspirated cyst fluid should be sent for cytology and breast imaging should be carried out in all these cases. Residual mass after cyst aspiration is also an indication for open biopsy.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of intracystic breast carcinomas. 1235 50

Mucinous cancers of the breast are distinguished histologically by their abundant pools of mucin and low degree of nuclear pleomorphism. Relative to the more common breast cancers of no distinctive type (ductal carcinoma), mucinous cancers have a relatively favorable prognosis. In a study of chromosomal changes in mucinous cancers, we evaluated the extent of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomal regions commonly deleted in usual infiltrating ductal carcinoma, including markers on chromosomal arms 1p, 1q, 3p, 6q, 8p, 9p, 11p, 11q, 13q, 16q, 17p, and 17q. Remarkably, we found an average frequency of LOH of only 1.9 of these 12 chromosomal arms in 18 cases of mucinous carcinoma, compared to an average frequency of LOH of 6.4 of these same chromosomal arms in cases of infiltrating ductal cancer. In three of the 18 cases of mucinous carcinoma studied, including one case with regional lymph node metastases, no LOH was seen at any of the 12 chromosomal regions studied. We considered the possibility of other chromosomal loci being more commonly affected in mucinous cancers and conducted comparative genomic hybridization on six of the cases. These studies demonstrated a low overall frequency of genomic copy number changes (mean of 3.1 changes per case) and failed to reveal any other chromosomal locus with frequent losses that had not been evaluated by microsatellite analysis. Together, these data indicate that mucinous cancers of the breast do not have the extensive genomic alterations that are typically found in more common variants of breast cancer. Thus, mucinous cancers most likely have less genetic instability than most other forms of breast cancer and the molecular pathogenesis of this form of breast cancer is likely to be substantially different than that of usual ductal breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002 Dec
PMID:Mucinous cancers have fewer genomic alterations than more common classes of breast cancer. 1246 86

We report a patient with a massive mucinous carcinoma of the breast that had been untreated for 6 years. A 47-year-old premenopausal woman presented with a large right-breast mass. Although she had noticed a lump in the right breast 6 years previously, she had not sought treatment. The tumor had enlarged gradually and become ulcerated. With a diagnosis of advanced breast cancer with skin invasion, she underwent right mastectomy with a free skin graft. No lymph node metastases or distant metastases were detected. The histologic diagnosis of the tumor was pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast with no component of ordinary invasive ductal cancer. She has been well without evidence of tumor recurrence for 7 years after the surgery. The prognosis for mucinous carcinoma of the breast has been recognized as relatively good. The results in our patient are consistent with the biological behavior of this carcinoma.
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PMID:Massive mucinous carcinoma of the breast untreated for 6 years. 1272 Jan 7

The aim of this study was to detect neuroendocrine differentiation (NE), to determine its association with major clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer, and to study the prognostic significance of NE differentiation in a group of breast carcinomas by using tissue microarray (TMA) methodology. NE differentiation was studied by using 3 markers, synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (ChA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in a group of 334 patients with breast carcinoma. TMA blocks were made by using duplicate 0.6-mm-diameter tissue cores from each paraffin block. Results of immunostaining were scored on a 4-point scale, that is, as negative, weak, intermediate, and strong immunoreactivity. Positive staining of breast cancers for any of the 3 NE markers was detected in 19.5% of cases. Expression of a single marker was present in 16.2% of cases, and expression of 2 or 3 markers in combination was detected in 3.3% of cases. There was no statistically significant correlation of NE phenotype with tumor morphology, except mucinous carcinoma (3 of 6 cases positive), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or nodal status. A weak correlation was noted between synaptophysin staining and higher tumor grade (P = 0.029). Analysis of disease-specific and overall survival based on up to 20 years of follow-up data showed a correlation between NSE expression and improved disease-specific (P = 0.043) and overall survival (P = 0.03) in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. The expression of Syn and ChA, as well as coexpression of multiple NE markers, had no prognostic significance.
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PMID:Tissue microarray analysis of neuroendocrine differentiation and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. 1460 33

We present a 38-year-old premenopausal Japanese woman with invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMC) of the left breast with minimal lymph node metastasis despite a huge size. The patient noticed a left breast mass and a bloody nipple discharge 2 years before admission. On admission, physical examination revealed a huge, elastic hard mass with skin ulcer 12x12 cm in diameter occupying the entire left breast. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy with level III lymph node dissection, and the defect was reconstructed with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Histopathologically, IMC comprised about 60% of the tumor, admixed with papillotubular and mucinous carcinoma. Only one of twenty-five lymph nodes had tumor metastasis. The patient remains well 8 months postoperatively without any signs of recurrence.
Breast Cancer 2003
PMID:Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast with minimal regional lymph node metastasis regardless of the huge size: report of a case. 1463 15

The objectives of this study were to document the oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER & PR) status of breast cancer in the Indian population (as done by immunohistochemistry on paraffin blocks), and correlate the steroid receptor status of breast cancer with all relevant patient and tumour characteristics. Our current data have been compared with previously published data from other centres. In contrast to the higher rates reported in the Western literature, only 32.6% of our tumours were ER positive and 46.1% were PR positive. Tumours were separated into four categories: ER+PR+ (25%), ER+PR- (7.4%), ER-PR+ (21.1%) and ER-PR- (46.5%). ER and PR immunoreactivity increased with advancing age, and correlated with the presence of elastosis. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and mixed tumours were more frequently ER & PR positive. High-grade infiltrating duct carcinomas, pure comedo ductal carcinoma in situ, and medullary carcinoma were predominantly ER & PR negative. The presence of necrosis and lymphovascular invasion showed an inverse relationship with ER and PR reactivity.
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PMID:Hormone receptor status of breast cancer in India: a study of 798 tumours. 1473 76


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