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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

120 cases of canine mammary cancers were analyzed. 102 were surgical cases, 2 surgical and necropsy cases, and 16 necropsy cases. Of these, 117 were female dogs (15 spayed), 2 were male dogs and 1 was of undetermined sex. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. Nearly 90% of mammary cancers occurred in dogs 8 to 15 years old. 128 mammary cancers in the 120 dogs consisted of 85 duct carcinomas; 38 lobular carcinomas; 3 malignant mixed tumors;, and 2 combined duct and lobular carcinomas. There was a lack of clear-cut predilection of any breed of dog in the U.S. for mammary cancer. Duct carcinomas originating in the epithelium at all levels of the duct system are more common than lobular carcinomas arising in the epithelial cells of alveoli proliferated in a progressively enlarging or burgeoning lobular pattern. Ovariectomy before or shortly after the first estrous cycle in the dog and before the age of 40 in women protects against the development of mammary cancer. Aging is a contributing factor in the development of mammary cancer, as are nulliparity and inheritance (e.g., high rate of breast cancer in close female relatives or Jewish extraction). Further study of the human and canine population of Japan and the U.S. should be done to determine the incidence and possible etiologic factors for mammary cancer in the human female and in the bitch.
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PMID:Mammary cancer in the dog: a study of 120 cases. 16 16

Less than half of premenopausal patients with mammary cancer and even fewer postmenopausal patients have tumors that respond to endocrine ablation. The level of estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) in the mammary cancer tissue provides an indication of the hormone dependency of the tumor and may be sued to predict the response to endocrine treatment when recurrent disease appears. Metastatic growths usually have a similar content. This is a report of an investigation of the estrophilin content of specimens of tumors from patients with metastatic and recurrent mammary cancer for correlation with their response to endocrine changes. Primary tumors were also studied for future clinical use if needed. The estrophilin was determined in specimens from 214 metastatic growths and 359 primary breast cancers. The uptake of estradiol in an in vitro system and the blocking effect of specific inhibitors provided a means of distinguishing between estrogen responsive tissues which contained receptor proteins and non-estrogen-responsive tissues which did not contain these receptors. Some form of endocrine manipulation was used in 82 patients. Of these, 69 had ablative therapy. Of the 69, significant receptor levels were present in 27 and 2/3 of them had remissions. Of the 42 with negative e strophilin determinations, none had a remission after ablation. Therefore, the absence of significant amounts of estrophilin in breast cancer tissue indicates that the patient has little chance of responding to endocrine manipulation and should be spared this method. In 16 others, hormonal additive treatment was used. Only 1 of 6 patients with negative determinations benefited temporarily from the additive hormone therapy. Discussion and questions by others followed presentation of this paper. Other hormones as possibly important were suggested. Combining chemotherapy with adrenalectomy was suggested. It was stated that some noncancerous breast tissues also contain estrogen binding proteins. Dr. Block answered questions and added comments. He stated that estrophilin is present in many tissues but in very low amounts. It is a quantitative difference that is important.
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PMID:The prediction of hormonal dependency of mammary cancer. 16 54

The complement-fixation-inhibition (CFI) test was evaluated as a means of detecting humoral antibodies in cat sera and in human sera to mammalian C-type RNA virus interspecies antigen(s). CFI antibody titers of greater than or equal 1:2 were detected in sera from all tumor bearing (23) and normal cats (23), however, sera from most germ free cats were negative. When the same cat sera were tested for blocking antibody by the paired radioiodine labeled antibody technique the correlation between the radioimmune assay and CFI tests was 85%. Sera from 378 cancer patients and 193 normal people were tested for antibodies to the mammalian oncornavirus interspecies-specific antigen in the CFI test. This test used a rabbit antiserum prepared toward a purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV) interspecies antigen. Disrupted Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was used as source of interspecies antigen in the CFI test. A significantly (P=0.01) higher number of reactions occurred with sera from patients with lymphosarcoma (70.4%), osteosarcoma (41.0%), reticulum cell sarcoma (56.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (31.8%) as opposed to sera from normal individuals (6.2%). Of 51 sera from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia 23.5% (P=0.05) were reactive. Of the sera from 88 breast cancer patients 22.7% reacted, as opposed to 7.8% of 116 normal females and 13.9% of 43 patients with benign breast disease. CFI antibody titers were shown to be dependent on RLV antigen concentration. Absorption with human A and B red blood cell (RBC) and Forssman antigen did not reduce the CFI titers in human sera whereas absorption with RLV reduced them significantly. By indirect radioimmunoelectrophoresis the antibody in selected human sera was shown to be an IgG.
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PMID:Complement-fixation-inhibition as a test for antibodies in cats and humans to C-type RNA tumor virus antigen. 16 19

Thirty-two scirrhous cancers of breast have been examined to determine the origin of the collagen stroma in these tumours. Employing two immunohistochemical techniques it has been shown that the malignant epithelial cells in 30 of these tumours contain not only collagen but also prolyl hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen biosynthesis. Neither this enzyme nor collagen was detectable in the spindle cells in the stroma of these tumours. Neither the epithelium in normal breast, that in fibrocystic disease and in fibroadenomata, nor the malignant epithelium in two medullary cancers of breast contained either collagen or prolyl hydroxylase. These results strongly suggest that the malignant epithelium of scirrhous breast cancers produces its own collagen stroma and that the scirrhous reaction in these tumours is not a host response to tumour invasion. The production of collagen and prolyl hydroxylase by breast cancer cells (of the scirrhous type) therefore represents another example of inappropriate protein production by a human tumour.
Br J Cancer 1975 Jun
PMID:Inappropriate production of collagen and prolyl hydroxylase by human breast cancer cells in vivo. 16 65

Bittner virus has been extensively studied by recent electron microscopy and molecular biology techniques. The structure, the biochemical, physical and antigenic properties of the RNA tumor viruses - i.e. the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) - are well known. Recent observations in human tissues of particles similar to animal viruses that are known to be oncogenic have raised the hypothesis of the role of viruses in human cancer. In mice, breast cancer can be caused by a virus - the Bittner virus or MMTV - that is usually transmitted from mother to offspring in the milk. The discovery of such virus particles in human milks and breast cancer tissues could provide data about a viral aetiology of human breast cancer.
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PMID:[Viruses and mammary carcinogenesis]. 17 51

Breast cancer is the result of a multistage carcinogenic process. Initiation, promotion, dependency and autonomy make up a sequence of experimentally distinguishable phases of this process. Progression--the transition from dependency on hormonal support to autonomy--is demonstrable clinically. High-affinity saturatable estrogen binding by breast cancer cytosols distinguishes endocrine-responsive mammary neoplasms from autonomous breast cancers. Approximately 70% of neoplasms containing estrogen-recepor protein at a level of 2.5 femtomoles per mg. protein or higher regress after endocrine ablation (ovariectomy in premenopausal women; adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy in postmenopausal women). Only about 5% of neoplasms lacking the receptor will respond to these maneuvers. Estrogen-receptor content also predicts clinically for estrogen and androgen responsiveness, and experimentally for prolactin dependency. Fifty per cent of primary breast cancers in women are receptor-positive. Normal breast tissue and benign breast lesions characteristically lack receptor protein. The receptor proteins appear to be induced in neoplastic cells during mammary carcinogenesis in endocrinologic settings where non-cancerous breast cells do not contain free receptor in large amounts and fail to manifest endocrinologic growth stimulation. Implications of these findings for endocrinologic management of disseminated mammary cancer, adjuvant therapy, and breast cancer prevention are discussed.
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PMID:Endocrinology in cancer of the breast. Status and prospects. 17 80

Within the tissue proteins in stroma of breast cancer occured multifocal elastotic transformations. The transformations concern collagen bundles that are devoided of mucopolysaccharide substance. The fields of degenerated connective tissue take on the capacities to dye like elastic fibres. The authors suggest that the increase of elastotic material in stroma of breast cancer is bound with the collagen degradation that is caused by metabolites of cancer tissue. The phenomenon occured in all age groups and is not closely bound with the grade of histological malignancy of cancer.
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PMID:[Morphogenesis of eleastotic transformation of breast cancer stroma (author's transl)]. 17 55

The inter-relationships of 32 pathologic and 7 clinical parameters encountered in the study of 1000 examples of invasive breast carcinoma have been presented. In some instances the biological significance of these associations is at present unclear. In others it is to be noted that there is no information provided as to the rank of their significance. Nevertheless, the associations that were encountered not only help further characterize the various forms of breast cancer but also provide information regarding the possible biological significance of some of their features. Although it is not our intention to minimize the possible significance of the inter-relationships of pathologic parameters, most emphasis in the summarizing statements which follow has been placed upon those correlations which may relate to prognosis. In this regard reference has been made to short-term treatment failure, vis a vis local recurrence and/or metastases, which may not necessarily accurately reflect patient survival, although generally such a relationship exists. Information in this regard as well as to the rank of the significance of these pathologic features shall be forthcoming when sufficient time has elapsed since the inception of this study to allow for such conclusions, i.e. survival or long-term treatment failure rates. Lastly, it becomes evident that the guidelines followed in the examination of these specimens appear to represent at least the minimum requirements necessary for a meaningful pathologic evaluation of breast carcinoma.
Cancer 1975 Jul
PMID:The pathology of invasive breast cancer. A syllabus derived from findings of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4). 17 55

Urinary excretions of free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates were determined in 31 female controls, 77 breast cancer patients, 14 cases of colonic cancer, and 7 patients with bronchial carcinoma. Elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion was present in 38% of patients with locally recurrent breast cancer and 30% of those with distant metastases, but in only 13% of the "early" breast cancer cases. A similar abnormality was seen in colonic cancer. Urinary free cortisol was usually normal. ACTH stimulation in a normal subject produced marked increases of both urinary free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates. It is concluded that elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion in cancer patients arises from an increased cortisol production rate combined with increased sulfurylation of the steroid. In bronchial carcinoma patients, changes similar to those occurring in the ACTH-treated normal subject may have resulted from ectopic ACTH production in the tumor.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:The urinary excretion of corticosteroid sulfates by cancer patients. 17 59

As a part of a program directed toward the elucidation of the role of viruses in mouse and human breast cancer, a variety of immunological techniques were applied to a study of the humoral immune response of mice and of humans to their breast tumors. Tumor-bearing mice were found to produce antibodies against a complex array of tumor cell-associated antigens, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), components, heterophile and Forssman-like antigens, embryonic antigens, and possibly other tumor-associated antigens. Mice bearing MMTV-positive tumors had high titer antibodies against both viral and heterophile antigens. Tumor-free mice, whether of high or low mammary cancer strains, were remarkably free of antibodies that could label MMTV particles, although some sera contained antibodies to viral components. Patients with breast cancer also had antibodies against a variety of antigens associated with their own and homologous breast cancer cells. These antibodies reacted with heterophile, embryonic, and other tumor-associated antigens, some of which appeared to be viral. Sera of some patients with breast cancer gave positive immunofluorescence reactions with mouse mammary tumor cells grown in tissue culture and producing MMTV. Most of these reactions were due to heterophile antibodies in the sera, but a small number of sera contained antibodies apparently directed specifically toward MMTV particles, as determined by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. Although human-mouse cross-reactions must be interpreted with caution, these data suggest that a virus putatively associated with human breast cancer is antigenically related to MMTV.
Cancer Res 1976 Feb
PMID:Implications of humoral antibody in mice and humans to breast tumor and mouse mammary tumor virus-associated antigens. 17 35


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