Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fluorescent antibody technique using both monoclonal and specific polyclonal virus antibodies was applied to investigate the nature of the inclusions seen in the abnormal osteoclasts associated with Paget's bone disease. The results show that antigens of measles virus, simian virus 5 (SV5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PF3) could be detected in the osteoclasts but not in control bone cells. Measles and SV5 nucleoprotein (NP) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) antigens were apparently present in all the cases of Paget's disease examined, whereas PF3 NP and HN antigens were present only in some of the cases. These investigations suggest that paramyxoviruses may play a role in the aetiology of the bone disease.
J Gen Virol 1985 Oct
PMID:Paramyxovirus antigens in osteoclasts from Paget's bone tissue detected by monoclonal antibodies. 299 50

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination (APID) is in common use despite evidence suggesting that the results correlate poorly with actual sites of disease. To assess the predictive value of this test in clinical practice, 99 APIDs performed on 94 patients were identified and the patients' charts were reviewed. Results of APID were compared with actual patient diagnoses as determined by other means. The liver isoenzyme fraction was not very accurate in predicting the presence of liver disease (positive predictive value 68%). In contrast, the bone isoenzyme fraction was insensitive (56%) but a positive test predicted bone disease well (positive predictive value 93%). The association of elevated transaminases with elevated alkaline phosphatase on a chemistry profile was as useful as APID in identifying liver disease, suggesting that APID should not be done in this setting. Using this information, APID can be helpful in the assessment of an ill patient with an elevated alkaline phosphatase.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:The accuracy of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination. 340 93

Morphological and immunocytological studies have demonstrated the presence of paramyxovirus antigens in Paget's bone disease tissue and in particular antigens related to measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus. To examine the relationship between measles virus and Paget's bone disease we used in situ hybridization and a cloned measles virus DNA probe specific for the nucleocapsid protein to detect and locate measles virus RNA sequences in Paget's bone tissue. In five patients with the disease, measles virus RNA sequences were detected not only in 80 to 90% of the multinucleated osteoclasts where there is morphological and immunocytological evidence of measles virus activity but also in 30 to 40% of mononucleated bone cells, mainly osteoblasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts and lympho-monocytes. In contrast, no hybridization was observed in bone tissue from three control patients without signs of Paget's bone disease. These results indicate that the host cell range for measles virus in Paget's disease is more widespread than has been supposed. They also demonstrate the usefulness of the in situ hybridization method to detect viral genetic information in cells where viral antigenic activity is not detectable. These observations further support the hypothesis that measles virus is involved in the pathogenesis of Paget's bone disease.
J Gen Virol 1986 May
PMID:Measles virus RNA detected in Paget's disease bone tissue by in situ hybridization. 370

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that leads to bone fragility and an increase in the risk of bone fracture. Nowadays, osteoporosis may represent a contraindication or a risk factor for osseointegration; however, this field still is controversial in the literature. This article sought to evaluate the bone-to-implant contact of a loaded implant that had been retrieved (due to prosthetic failure) from a woman with Type 1 osteoporosis. Histologically, the implant was osseointegrated and appeared to be surrounded by healthy bone tissue. The bone-to-implant contact demonstrated a mean of 40.07% (+/- 1.07%). No foreign body reaction was found at the bone-to-implant contact, although epithelial downgrowth was observed at the interface. Data from this case report demonstrate that the peri-implant bone histology is not altered even when a patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Gen Dent
PMID:Evaluation of human bone around a dental implant retrieved from a subject with osteoporosis. 1825 63

There has been a remarkable rise in the number of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in the US over the last decade. Increasing use of potent immunosuppressants, which are also potentially diabetogenic and atherogenic, can result in worsening of pre-existing medical conditions as well as development of post-transplant disease. This, coupled with improving long-term survival, is putting tremendous pressure on transplant centers that were not designed to deliver primary care to KTR. Thus, increasing numbers of KTR will present to their primary care physicians (PCP) post-transplant for routine medical care. Similar to native chronic kidney disease patients, KTRs are vulnerable to cardiovascular disease as well as a host of other problems including bone disease, infections and malignancies. Deaths related to complications of cardiovascular disease and malignancies account for 60-65% of long-term mortality among KTRs. Guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation and the European Best Practice Guidelines Expert Group on the management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes and bone disease should be incorporated into the long-term care plan of the KTR to improve outcomes. A number of transplant centers do not supply PCPs with protocols and guidelines, making the task of the PCP more difficult. Despite this, PCPs are expected to continue to provide general preventive medicine, vaccinations and management of chronic medical problems. In this narrative review, we examine the common medical problems seen in KTR from the PCP's perspective. Medical management issues related to immunosuppressive medications are also briefly discussed.
J Gen Intern Med 2010 Jul
PMID:Primary care of the renal transplant patient. 2042 2

Idiopathic osteolysis or disappearing bone disease is a condition characterized by the spontaneous onset of rapid destruction and resorption of a single bone or multiple bones. Disappearing bone disorder is a disease of several diagnostic types. We are presenting three patients with osteolysis who have different underlying pathological features. Detailed phenotypic assessment, radiologic and CT scanning, and histological and genetic testing were the baseline diagnostic tools utilized for diagnosis of each osteolysis syndrome. The first patient was found to have Gorham-Stout syndrome (non-heritable). The complete destruction of pelvic bones associated with aggressive upward extension to adjacent bones (vertebral column and skull base) was notable and skeletal angiomatosis was detected. The second patient showed severe and aggressive non-hereditary multicentric osteolysis with bilateral destruction of the hip bones and the tarsal bones as well as a congenital unilateral solitary kidney and nephropathy. The third patient was phenotypically and genotypically compatible with Winchester syndrome resulting in multicentric osteolysis (autosomal recessive). Proven mutation of the (MMP2-Gen) was detected in this third patient that was associated with 3MCC deficiency (3-Methylcrontonyl CoA Carboxylase deficiency). The correct diagnoses in our 3 patients required the exclusion of malignant osteoclastic tumours, inflammatory disorders of bone, vascular disease, and neurogenic arthropathies using history, physical exam, and appropriate testing and imaging. This review demonstrates how to evaluate and treat these complex and difficult patients. Lastly, we described the various management procedures and treatments utilized for these patients.
 ...
PMID:The diagnosis and management of patients with idiopathic osteolysis. 2199 73

Cherubism is a rare, hereditary, nonneoplastic bone disease. It is characterized by clinically evident bilateral, painless enlargements of the jaws that are said to give the patient a "chubby" appearance. This article presents a case of cherubism in a 5-year-old girl with painless bilateral swelling. Panoramic radiographs and a computed tomography scan showed bilateral multilocular radiolucent areas with cortical expansion. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferating fibrous connective tissue containing numerous multinucleated giant cells.
Gen Dent
PMID:Clinicoradiologic features of cherubism: a case report and literature review. 2518 26

Bisphosphonate (BP) drugs are used to preserve bony tissue in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. However, these drugs are associated with rare but serious complications. The most commonly encountered adverse effect is bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Diagnosis and treatment of teeth that are likely to cause infection and the replacement or adjustment of dentures or restorations that could lead to trauma are the key steps that can be taken before the initiation of BP therapy in order to prevent the development of BRONJ. To date, the most efficacious management approach for BRONJ has not been clearly established. This article presents current approaches for the treatment of BRONJ, including conservative drug therapy and surgical therapy, and discusses new treatment modalities.
Gen Dent
PMID:Current management concepts for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a review. 3044 13