Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 150 patients undergoing haemodialysis has shown that age had a striking effect on the radiological presentation of renal bone disease, erosions being common in the young and uncommon in older patients and vascular calcification showing opposite trends to this. Men aged 20 to 59 years had a greater tendency to develop erosions than did women in this age range. Examination of a group of 53 patients over a period of five years showed that the half time for the development of vascular calcification was 4.6 years, erosions 26.7 years, and fractures 6.9 years. Nine out of 16 polycystic patients matched for age and sex with 50 controls did not develop erosions and had consistently less vascular calcification than the controls when examined over a six-year period.
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PMID:Effects of age, sex, and polycystic disease on progressive bone disease of renal failure. 443 40

The 10th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) did not include an RDA for copper; rather a safe and adequate daily intake was suggested. Criteria, history and uses of RDAs were summarized along with data on dietary intakes, balance and depletion experiments, low (fats and oils, skim milk and yogurt) and high (legumes, mushrooms, nuts and seeds) copper foods and hazards of zinc supplements. Bone disease and cardiovascular disease from diets-low in copper have been studied in animals for decades. Men and women fed diets close to 1 mg of copper per day, amounts quite frequent in the US, responded similarly to deficient animals with reversible, potentially harmful changes in blood pressure control, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, and electrocardiograms. Women supplemented with trace elements including copper experienced beneficial effects on bone density. These data exceed similar data on magnesium, selenium and zinc and are sufficient for establishing an RDA. Ischemic heart disease and osteoporosis are likely consequences of diets low in copper. Numerous anatomical, chemical and physiological similarities between animals deficient in copper and people with ischemic heart disease have been noticed. Association between osteoporosis and low copper status deserves further inquiry. Augmenting low copper diets with high copper foods may be beneficial. Committees that establish RDAs should return to the traditions of the first nine editions and make recommendations that promote health and nutritional welfare, meet functional needs, prevent disease and promote public welfare.
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PMID:Lack of a recommended dietary allowance for copper may be hazardous to your health. 971 Aug 39

Osteoporosis is increasingly recognised in men. Low bone mass, risk factors for falling and factors causing fractures in women are likely to cause fractures in men. Bone mass is largely genetically determined, but environmental factors also contribute. Greater muscle strength and physical activity are associated with higher bone mass, while radial bone loss is greater in cigarette smokers or those with a moderate alcohol intake. Sex hormones have important effects on bone physiology. In men, there is no abrupt cessation of testicular function or 'andropause' comparable with the menopause in women; however, both total and free testosterone levels decline with age. A common secondary cause of osteoporosis in men is hypogonadism. There is increasing evidence that estrogens are important in skeletal maintenance in men as well as women. Peripheral aromatisation of androgens to estrogens occurs and osteoblast-like cells can aromatise androgens into estrogens. Human models exist for the effects of estrogens on the male skeleton. In men aged > 65 years, there is a positive association between bone mineral density (BMD) and greater serum estradiol levels at all skeletal sites and a negative association between BMD and testosterone at some sites. It is crucial to exclude pathological causes of osteoporosis, because 30 to 60% of men with vertebral fractures have another illness contributing to bone disease. Glucocorticoid excess (predominantly exogenous) is common. Gastrointestinal disease predisposes patients to bone disease as a result of intestinal malabsorption of calcium and colecalciferol (vitamin D). Hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, anticonvulsant drug use, thyrotoxicosis, immobilisation, liver and renal disease, multiple myeloma and systemic mastocytosis have all been associated with osteoporosis in men. It is possible that low-dose estrogen therapy or specific estrogen receptor-modulating drugs might increase BMD in men as well as in women. In the future, parathyroid hormone peptides may be an effective treatment for osteoporosis, particularly in patients in whom other treatments, such as bisphosphonates, have failed. Men with idiopathic osteoporosis have low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) concentrations, and IGF-1 administration to these men increases bone formation markers more than resorption markers. Studies of changes in BMD with IGF-1 treatment in osteoporotic men and women are underway. Osteoporosis in men will become an increasing worldwide public health problem over the next 20 years, so it is vital that safe and effective therapies for this disabling condition become available. Effective public health measures also need to be established and targeted to men at risk of developing the disease.
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PMID:Osteoporosis in men. New insights into aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and management. 988 98

To investigate the pathogenesis and sequelae of symptomatic vertebral fractures (VF) in men, we have performed a case-control study, comparing 91 men with VF (median age 64 years, range 27-79 years) with 91 age-matched control subjects. Medical history, clinical examination and investigations were performed in all patients and control subjects, to identify potential causes of secondary osteoporosis, together with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. BMD was lower at the lumbar spine and all sites in the hip in patients with VF than in control subjects (p < 0.001). Potential underlying causes of secondary osteoporosis were found in 41% of men with VF, compared with 9% of control subjects (OR 7.1; 95% CI 3.1-16.4). Oral corticosteroid and anti-convulsant treatment were both associated with a significantly increased risk of VF (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.3-28.4). Although hypogonadism was not associated with an increased risk of fracture, the level of sex hormone binding globulin was higher (p < 0.001) and the free androgen index lower (p < 0.001) in men with VF than control subjects. Other factors associated with a significantly increased risk of VF were family history of bone disease (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.3-28.4), current smoking (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.7) and alcohol consumption of more than 250 g/week (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.7-8.7). Men with VF were more likely to complain of back pain (p < 0.001) and greater loss of height (p < 0.001) than control subjects, and had poorer (p < 0.001) scores for the energy, pain, emotion, sleep and physical mobility domains of the Nottingham Health Profile. We conclude that symptomatic VF in men are associated with reduced BMD, underlying causes of secondary osteoporosis such as corticosteroid and anti-convulsant treatment, family history of bone disease, current smoking and high alcohol consumption, and that they impair the perceived health of the individual.
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PMID:Case-control study of the pathogenesis and sequelae of symptomatic vertebral fractures in men. 1036 34

Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of death in hemodialysis patients. However, little information is available about the repercussion of uremia on cardiac valves. We retrospectively investigated the incidence rate of aortic stenosis (AS), from 1991 to 1996, in 110 hemodialysis patients followed by Doppler-echocardiography. Progressive AS was diagnosed in 16 patients who had a decrease in their indexed aortic valve area from 1.24 +/- 0.09 to 0.66 +/- 0.21 cm2/m2 of BSA in 16.8 +/- 1.9 months. The mean incidence of AS per year was of 3.3%, ranging from 1.5 to 8.0%. Eight patients died in less than 3 years after the diagnosis of AS with a mean survival time of 23.0 +/- 9.5 months. Survival curves using Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a statistically significant decrease in the survival rate of patients with AS compared with patients without valvulopathy (p < 0.001). They were older than patients with normal valve, 68.6 +/- 11.1 versus 56.7 +/- 16.0 years, respectively. Men were 4 times more affected than women and showed a significantly more rapid progression to AS than women. The calcium-phosphorus product was higher in AS patients, 5.43 +/- 0.98 than in patients without AS, 3.95 +/- 0.50 mM. It was mainly due to hyperphosphatemia without hypercalcemia and the hyperphosphatemia was associated with biological signs of hypoparathyroidism or adynamic bone disease in 62% of the cases. Plasma vitamin D3 was also higher in patients with AS, 20.5 +/- 13.5 ng/ml than in those with normal valves, 9.6 +/- 6.3 ng/ml. Logistic regression showed that age, vitamin D3 and hyperphosphatemia correctly predicted 56% of the AS cases. In conclusion, AS is frequent and of poor outcome in hemodialysis patients. Age, relatively high plasma vitamin D3 levels, and hyperphosphatemia, mostly due to hypoparathyroidism, must be considered as risk factors.
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PMID:Evolutive aortic stenosis in hemodialysis patients: analysis of risk factors. 1048 Jan 55

Prostate cancer is a common disease among older men. Androgen suppression by either orchiectomy or administration of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues is the mainstay of treatment. Since the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum testing has become widespread, however, the timing of endocrine therapy has expanded considerably to include patients with limited involvement of extraprostatic sites and patients presenting an isolated elevation of PSA after radical treatments. These patients are expected to be treated for a long time, since they have a rather low risk of disease progression and there is no recommended time limit for LHRH analogue therapy. The long-term adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy, therefore, deserve more attention than they have received in the past. Osteoporosis represents a special concern for men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The rate of bone loss in these men seems to markedly exceed that associated with menopause in women, and fractures occur more frequently than in the healthy elderly male population. Serial bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation could allow the detection of patients with prostate cancer who are at greater risk of osteoporosis and adverse skeletal events after androgen deprivation therapy, such as patients already osteopenic or osteoporotic at baseline and men with rapid bone loss during treatment. BMD evaluated during treatment could also be a potential surrogate parameter of antiosteoporotic therapeutic efficacy. Treatment of bone loss induced by androgen deprivation comprises general prevention measures, antiosteoporotic drugs and the use of alternative endocrine therapies. Optimising lifestyle and diet is important, although it cannot completely prevent bone loss. Patients with nonsevere bone disease may benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplements. Men who are osteoporotic before androgen deprivation or men becoming osteoporotic during treatment and/or experiencing adverse skeletal events may also require bisphosphonates. The effectiveness of these drugs in preventing fractures has been shown in a single randomised study involving patients with osteoporosis, but it has not yet been established in a prostatic cancer population without bone metastases given androgen deprivation therapy. Different forms of endocrine therapy such as low-dose estrogens, antiandrogens and intermittent androgen ablation are under investigation. They could offer the advantage of avoiding (or limiting) treatment-related bone loss. In our opinion, however, the data available so far are not robust enough to recommend these alternative endocrine therapies instead of standard androgen deprivation in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:Background to and management of treatment-related bone loss in prostate cancer. 1249 66

Men with advanced prostate cancer are at high risk for developing bone metastases, which result in clinically significant skeletal morbidity. Treatments that prevent skeletal complications in these patients could considerably improve their quality of life. Therefore, this paper reviews the role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Published studies were identified through MEDLINE searches, review of bibliographies of relevant articles, and review of abstracts from scientific meetings. Metastatic bone disease in men with HRPC results in skeletal complications such as pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and debilitating bone pain. First- and second-generation bisphosphonates, clodronate and pamidronate, had transient palliative effects that were not durable and did not prevent skeletal events in these patients. A small open-label study of ibandronate demonstrated significant reductions in pain, but these results have not been confirmed in a larger, randomized, controlled trial. To date, zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that has demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in skeletal morbidity in this patient population. In a large, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, treatment of men with HRPC and bone metastases with zoledronic acid significantly reduced skeletal-related events and provided a durable reduction of bone pain over 24 months compared with placebo. Zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that has demonstrated efficacy for preventing skeletal complications in patients with HRPC and bone metastases. Therefore, initiation of zoledronic acid therapy should be considered to prevent skeletal morbidity and improve the quality of life of these patients.
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PMID:The role of bisphosphonates in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. 1566 71

Men with prostate cancer are at risk for bone loss and skeletal complications throughout the course of their disease. Bone loss is prevalent in many men with prostate cancer at initial diagnosis, and initiating androgen deprivation therapy results in accelerated bone resorption, leading to bone loss and an increased risk of fracture. These men are also at high risk for disease progression and bone metastases that can result in significant skeletal morbidity, including pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, and debilitating bone pain requiring additional therapy. Excessive osteoclast activity plays a central role in the pathophysiology of bone disease at each stage of prostate cancer disease progression. Zoledronic acid, a highly potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, has increased bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy and is the only bisphosphonate that has shown statistically significant reductions in skeletal morbidity in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. Furthermore, preclinical evidence suggests that zoledronic acid has antitumor activity in prostate cancer models. Recently, a treatment algorithm was developed by the 3rd International Consultation on Prostate Cancer recommending the use of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer, regardless of their hormone status, and for the prevention of treatment-induced bone loss in patients without evidence of bone metastases. According to this algorithm, zoledronic acid should be considered for the prevention of skeletal morbidity in patients with prostate cancer throughout their treatment continuum.
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PMID:Rationale for zoledronic acid therapy in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with or without bone metastasis. 1641 86

Men with prostate cancer initiating androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) may have multiple factors that threaten their skeletal health, including increased fracture risk from bone loss during ADT and the propensity to develop bone metastases, which may lead to skeletal-related events (SREs). Bisphosphonates have utility in oncology for patients with bone metastases to prevent bone loss during hormonal therapy and in the benign setting to treat osteoporosis. These agents have an emerging role in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Etidronate, alendronate, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid have all shown efficacy in preventing ADT-related bone loss. Alendronate and zoledronic acid have also been shown to increase bone mineral density vs baseline during ADT. Patients with bone metastases from HSPC who received 4 mg zoledronic acid every 3 or 4 weeks had a low incidence of skeletal complications, although controlled study data have not been reported. Bisphosphonate treatment in men with HSPC may be effective for the prevention of ADT-related bone loss, underscoring the importance of treating early to avoid SREs and potentially delay disease progression to metastatic bone disease.
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PMID:Preserving bone health in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: the role of bisphosphonates. 2005 88

This study analyze the characteristics and clinical medicine in 17 hospitals all over China, based on hospital information system diagnostic information database, including 4 497 cases of hospitalized patients with Parkinson's syndrome. Results indicate, the most common comorbidities are infarction, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and lung infections, including cerebral infarction, the combined incidence of hypertension in men reached 33.46% and 30.05%, respectively, it is slightly lower in the females. Men with coronary heart disease are more than women, women with diabetes and bone disease are more than men. Combined incidence of the disease increases with age, vascular factors occupy an important position. The most common combined diseases in patients with 90 years of age or older are coronary heart disease, lung infection, and often accompanied by metabolic disorders and nutritional emergency, critical care. Constipation, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment are common non-motor symptoms. The drug categories associated with Parkinson's core symptoms treatment are about 20% to 30% of clinical medicine, the others are associated with the treatment of combined disease, clinical medicine and disease spectrum consistent. Blood circulation topped Chinese agents applied frequency, reaching 44.52%; laxative drugs accounted for 11.66%; detoxification agent representing 9.46%. The first twenty Chinese medicine of the applying frequency reached 56.07% of the total utilization, including 12 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine injections, accounting for 60%. Therefore, in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinsons syndrome, the treatment of comorbidities is very important, more attentions should be paid to vascular factors of the disease, Chinese medicine should be more concerned to improve the non-motor symptoms, give full play to the pharmaceutical multi-target, the overall regulation of advantages, integrative medicine, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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PMID:[Clinical and medicine characteristics of patients with Parkinson's syndrome]. 2553 83


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