Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of Triton X-100 in cellulose acetate electrophoresis and its effects on the separation of serum alkaline phosphatases is described. The cellulose acetate electrophoretic patterns of serum alkaline phosphatase found in liver and bone disease have been compared with the patterns found in agar, agarose, and polyacrylamide gel in the presence and absence of Triton X-100 and the differences described and discussed. Changes in the alkaline phosphatase electrophoretic pattern and the effects on certain electrophoretic variants have been noted following addition of Triton X-100 to all parts of the system.
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PMID:A study of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme electrophoresis on cellulose acetate compared with agar, agarose and acrylamide in the presence or absence of triton X-100. 75 42

Chondrocalcinosis is known to be common in hyperparathyroidism. In order to discover the effect of parathyroidectomy on chondrocalcinosis and to investigate this association further, we studied two groups of patients. In one group were 41 postparathyroidectomy patients, and in the other 100 admissions to the acute geriatric unit. The total incidence of chondrocalcinosis in the parathyroidectomy group was 32%, and in the elderly control group 11%. There was little or no osteoarthrosis in these patients. It was found that chondrocalcinosis occurred in the normal population from the age of 75 and in the hyperparathyroid group from the age of 45. In both groups the incidence rose steadily with age. In the hyperparathyroid group alone, preoperative serum calcium levels were no different in those without chondrocalcinosis, suggesting that hypercalcaemia alone is not a sufficient stimulus for chondrocalcinosis. Those with chondrocalcinosis had higher mean preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels, nearly twice as much radiological bone disease, and were older. Parathyroidectomy had no effect on attacks of pseudogout or on preexisting cartilage calcification. A connection with high levels of circulating parathyroid hormone is suggested, and a link with physical age-related changes in cartilage postulated.
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PMID:Chondrocalcinosis in primary hyperparathyroidism. Influence of age, metabolic bone disease, and parathyroidectomy. 85 41

Although anemia has not been widely appreciated as a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism, 5.1% of the individuals with this disorder seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1962 had a normochromic, normocytic anemia that could not be related to blood loss,a deficiency state, or uremia. The anemic group had more advanced bone disease and higher levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone than the nonanemic group. Results of bone marrow biopsies performed in five patients showed variable degrees of myelofibrosis. However, none of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly, a myelophthisic peripheral blood smear, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. Removal of the abnormal parathyroid glands led to improvement or correction of the anemia.
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PMID:Anemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. 85 57

Liver, intestinal, and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were measured using heat stability and L-phenylalanine inhibition techniques in 78 patients on intermittent haemodialysis. Fifty-five patients had abnormalities in one or more of the isoenzymes. Changes in bone and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activities seemed to be related and raised liver isoenzyme activity was associated with the development of liver disease. Abnormal histological and radiological findings were better correlated with bone alkaline phosphatase levels than with total alkaline phosphatase, and serial estimations of bone isoenzyme activity were useful in assessing the response of renal osteodystrophy to treatment with a vitamin D analogue. Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme measurement provides another useful and non-invasive index for monitoring metabolic bone disease in patients with chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Comparative study of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes, bone histology, and skeletal radiography in dialysis bone disease. 86 92

The clinical and biochemical features of four adults with Engelmann's disease (Camurati-Engelmann disease; progressive diaphyseal dysplasia) are presented. One young patient, with a particularly severe form of the disease, is discussed in detail. Biochemical abnormalities were found in three of the patients. In two of them, one with localized hyperostosis and one with generalized bone disease, the only changes were an increase in the plasma alkaline phosphatase and urinary total hydroxyproline excretion. The most severely affected patients, who had had progressive and generalized bone disease from age two and a half years, also had persistent hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia, a positive calcium balance, and a very low urine calcium excretion. It is suggested that some patients with Engelmann's disease may have a previously unrecognized metabolic disorder associated with increased retention of calcium and excessive bone formation. The possible role of abnormal phosphate metabolism in this increased formation of bone, and the relationship of Engelmann's disease to other hyperostoses, are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical studies in Engelmann's disease (progressive diaphyseal dysplasia). 86 79

The effects of small oral doses (1-2 microgram/day) of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, given for 1 to 2 years, have been examined in four nondialysed adolescents with chronic renal failure and bone disease. Treatment increased calcium retention and plasma calcium, and decreased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. X-ray abnormalities of bone regressed, and 2 patients underwent successful surgical correction of knock-knees; bone histology in these 2 was normal at the time of operation. 2 patients developed hypercalcaemia which promptly reversed when 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was withdrawn. In one patient treatment was initially successful, but later there was biochemical, radiographic, and histological evidence of relapse. Long-term treatment of such patients with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol may be effective and facilitate the surgical correction of deformities, but this is not invariable. Toxic effects are similar to those of vitamin D itself, but are more readily reversible.
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy in nondialysed adolescents. Long-term treatment with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. 87 33

Nine of 24 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis were found to have evidence of moderate to severe bone disease. Two had bone pain and muscle weakness and two had pseudofractures. Eight of the nine were treated with dihydrotachysterol (DHT), 0.25 to 0.375 mg/d initially, but four required doses between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/d. Ther serum alkaline phosphatase value decreased in all patients and returned to normal in six. The bone pain and muscle weakness resolved and the pseudofractures healed. Bone biopsies in six patients before and after initiation of treatment with DHT showed that the osteoid area decreased significantly from 29.6 +/- 22.8% (mean +/- standard deviation) to 11.5 +/- 7.5% (P less than 0.025) and the resorptive surface decreased in all patients. DHT, in doses of up to 1.0 mg/d, is effective in treating both the osteitis fibrosa and the osteomalacic components of bone disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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PMID:Treatment of bone disease with dihydrotachysterol in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. 90 48

Three adolescents on regular haemodialysis were treated for more than one year with 1alphaOHD3 in doses of 0.25 - 10 mug/day orally. All the patients had hypocalcaemia, a high serum level of alkaline phosphatase and signs of uraemic osteodystrophy on X-ray. Clinical signs of bone disorder were present in two cases. During the treatment serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase normalised, and there was a marked improvement in the X-ray changes. Clinical improvement also took palce but not to the same extent as indicated by the laboratory data. It seems therefore important that treatment should start before severe bone lesions are present. Careful control of the treatment is necessary to avoid hypercalcaemia.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of uraemic osteodystrophy with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. 93 14

Five patients with haemodialysis bone disease were treated with 1 to 1.5 mug of 1,25 (OH)2D3 daily for periods ranging from 6 -8 months. There was a significant improvement in calcium absorption but no troublesome hypercalcaemia was encountered. Secondary hyperparathyroidism improved, both histologically and radiologically, and there was a fall in serum PTH and return of serum alkaline phosphatase to within normal limits. There was also improvement in the patients' mineralisation status, but this change was slower and less marked. Muscle power improved significantly, both clinically and electromyographically.
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PMID:Long term therapy with 1,25(OH)2D3 in dialysis bone disease. 93 16

Nine out of 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis were found to have biochemical, radiologic and bone biopsy evidence of moderate to severe bone disease. Two patients had bone pain and muscle weakness, 2 had pseudofractures, and one patient had a pathologic fracture of the neck of the femur. Eight patients were treated with dihydrotachysterol (D.H.T.), 0.25 to 0.37 mg/day initially. Four patients required doses between 0.5 and 1.0 mg daily. The alkaline phosphatase decreased in all patients, returning to normal in 6 patients. The symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness resolved, and the pseudofractures healed. Repeat bone biopsies were performed in 6 patients 12 mos or more after treatment with D.H.T. The osteoid area fell from 29.6 +/- 22.8 to 11.5 +/- 7.5% (p less than 0.025). Resorptive surface decreased in all patients. D.H.T., in doses of up to 1.0 mg/day, is effective in the treatment of both the osteitis fibrosa and the osteomalacic component of bone disease in patients on hemodialysis.
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PMID:Treatment of bone disease in patients on chronic hemodialysis with dihydrotachysterol. 95 78


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