Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and approach of metabolic bone disease in very low birth weight infants. SOURCES: Literature review of articles published in Medline within the last twenty years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The higher survival of very low birth weight infants was concurrent with the increased incidence of metabolic bone disease. The process of bone mineral acquisition suffers some alterations during the neonatal period, including low bone mineral content at birth, insufficient mineral supply in the neonatal period, and regulatory disorders, which may compromise growth and development on the long run. The diagnosis is based on the association of risk factors, and biochemical and radiological alterations. The early intervention in the neonatal period prevents the development of severe metabolic bone disease, reducing complications during the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis of metabolic bone disease allows for early intervention, thus preventing complications that may originate from the alterations in bone mineral acquisition.
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PMID:[Critical analysis of pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of metabolic bone disease in very low birth weight infants] 1467 93

OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOPENIA: The use of multiple antiretroviral therapies has transformed the prognosis of HIV infection. However, the potential disadvantages of these treatments have rapidly appeared: lipodystrophy, cardiovascular complications and, more recently bone affections with osteonecrosis, followed by other weakening osteopathies (osteoporosis and osteopenia). Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) leading to a high risk of fracture. It is measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and is defined by a T-score<-2.5 standard deviations from the mean value of a young adult. Osteopenia corresponds to low bone density with, avec -1>T-score>-2.5. REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF RETROVIRAL AGENTS: During HIV infections, an osteopathy (most often osteopenia) is observed in a quarter to more than half of patients who have never received antiretroviral agents, and in up to three quarters in those in whom treatment in ongoing. The transversal nature of the majority of the studies, the heterogeneity of the treatments, the inclusion of both male and female patients in some studies, and the differences in the results observed do not permit one to draw any conclusions as to the possible responsibility of antiretroviral agents. An association between an osteopathy and a lipodystrophy is inconstant. Lastly, the substitution of a class of a antiretroviral agents by another does not lead to any significant modification in BMD. THE MECHANISM OF OCCURRENCE OF AN OSTEOPATHY: Has not been clearly established. The modifications in serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption observed in HIV-infected patients and their evolution under antiretroviral treatment, suggest a viral origin, mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The rare in vitro studies, or on animal models, are contradictory, with the results of clinical trials regarding the inherent role of antiretroviral drugs. However, it is probable that the classical risk factors for osteoporosis are often implied.
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PMID:[Osteopathies that weaken HIV-infected patients]. 1471 83

THIS COMMENTARY PRESENTS THE VIEW OF AN EXPERT GROUP OF INDIAN NEPHROLOGISTS ON ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDNEY DISEASE: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines for evaluation and management of mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) for practice in India. Zonal meetings of nephrologists drawn from the cross-section were convened to discuss the KDIGO guidelines. Recommendations were presented in a central meeting of zonal representatives. The finalized recommendations were reviewed by all the participants. There was a broad agreement on most of the recommendations made by the KDIGO workgroup. Significant departures in the current guidelines from the previous Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines were also noted. The participants agreed that the available evidence did not allow more precise recommendations, and the recommended best practice suggestions were often based on relatively weak evidence. There is a remarkable lack of data from Indian patients. We comment on specific areas and amplify certain concepts where we feel that further guidance that goes beyond what is stated in the document might help Indian nephrologists in appropriate implementation of the KDIGO guidelines. This commentary is intended to help define practically implementable best practices based on current disease concepts and available research evidence, thereby positively affecting the quality of management of CKD-MBD in India, and eventually improving patient outcomes.
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PMID:Indian commentary on the 2009 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders. 2188 71