Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Skeletal fragility has been recognized as an important feature of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). While patients with DM1 typically display low bone mineral density (BMD) and concomitant increases in fracture risk, T2D bone disease is more complex and less understood. Although BMD is often normal or even slightly elevated, the risk of fragility fractures is disproportionally high. Alterations in bone quality (i.e., bone microstructure and matrix properties) have been reported by independent groups of researchers. Cortical porosity and the deposition of advanced glycation end-products appear to play key roles. Paired with low bone turnover, another distinct feature of T2D bone disease, secondary complications (including nephropathy, neuropathy, and angiopathy) are adding up to form a complex entity distinct from postmenopausal and age-related osteoporosis. This article offers an overview of current concepts in pathophysiology, clinical features, and imaging features of diabetic bone disease.
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PMID:Diabetes and Bone. 2774 45

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease known, affecting an estimated 200 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of all postmenopausal women are affected and up to 40% developed a fragility fracture within their lifetime. Over time, a number of risk factors have been associated with osteoporosis and are useful when used in screening tools and treatment algorithms. Diabetes, although identified more than half a century ago as being associated with bone frailty, has come to the forefront only within last decade as an important osteoporosis risk factor. While both type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) diabetes increased fracture risk, the link is far more profound with DM1. DM1 accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of diabetes in the USA and is associated with a 6.4-6.9-fold increase in the relative risk of hip fracture compared to individuals without diabetes. As life expectancy continues to increase for those living with DM1, an increase in number of fractures occurring in this population is expected in the future. For understanding of bone fragility in DM1 calls for an update of diabetes guidelines, better screening tools, and more research into the use of therapeutic strategies in these patients.
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PMID:REVIEW ON BONE DISEASE (OSTEOPOROSIS) IN DIABETES MELLITUS. 3015 31