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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Computerized bone scanning (CBS), a technique used to measure quantitative changes in bone scans, is described. Ten patients with histologically proven metastatic carcinoma of the prostate had sequential CBS performed. Good correlation was found between marked improvement in CBS (more than 50% average decrease in counts) and objective responses. Two patients had partial remission with more than 50% average decrease in uptake by prostatic cancer project criteria; both of them had good pain control. Three patients had worsening of their disease by CBS, which correlated with other parameters of disease progression (new lesions in bone survey, loss of weight and poor survival). In those patients with less than 50% average change the correlation is not so clear cut. An increase in percentage of uptake occurs in the first month after beginning of therapy, and no significant change is observed until 3 months. CBS is a technique that allows for objective measurement of quantitative changes in bone uptake, which is potentially useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in patients with metastatic bone disease from carcinoma of the prostate.
Cancer 1984 Mar 01
PMID:Computerized bone scan. A potentially useful technique to measure response in prostatic carcinoma. 622 25

A profile of biochemical tests was performed on 72 patients attending a lymphoma clinic. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was increased in 24 cases at the outset; of these ten had positive clinical or radiological evidence of bone disease at that time, and in a further ten such evidence became available over the next two years. Hepatic involvement was detected among 9 patients at the initial examination. All of these, and a further five who developed liver involvement over the next two-year period had raised activity of serum 5'-nucleotidase. Total serum alkaline phosphatase was raised in 8 of the 9 patients with initial involvement, but only 1 of the 11 patients who subsequently developed hepatic disease; the heat stability test indicated the presence of the hepatic isoenzyme in these cases. Alkaline phosphatase was raised in 10 of the 20 cases with initial or subsequent evidence of bone disease, heat stability indicating the bone isoenzyme to be predominant. Serum ornithine transcarbamoylase was raised in only 7 patients with initial hepatic involvement, and the aminotransferases were not helpful in identifying lymphomatous involvement of the liver.
Cancer 1980 Mar 15
PMID:Assessment of biochemical tests for bone and liver involvement in malignant lymphoma patients. 624 83

Evaluation of response to systemic therapy in metastatic prostate cancer is often difficult because of the infrequency of nonbony indicator lesions. The authors previously described a set of response criteria for Phase II and III studies which can be applied in patients with only bony disease. They have retrospectively evaluated response to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and (5-fluorouracil) 5-FU in 38 patients with measurable soft tissue and visceral disease, using their response criteria for acid phosphatase and clinical status and standard definitions of response. No correlation was attempted for bone disease. Agreement between the results obtained with each system was good. Using this system of evaluating response, patients with metastatic prostate cancer with bone-dominant disease are eligible for Phase II and III studies.
Cancer 1984 Jul 01
PMID:Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. An analysis of response criteria in patients with measurable soft tissue disease. 637 84

Some relations between metastatic bone disease and calcium homoeostasis were determined in a consecutive series of 81 patients with solid malignant tumours attending for radionuclide bone scans. Biochemical evaluation showed that bone resorption from metastatic disease was generally not enough to account for hypercalcaemia. While skeletal metastases were present in about half of the patients who developed hypercalcaemia, biochemical indices of bone resorption in these subjects were greatly increased and disproportionate to the extent of metastatic disease detected by the bone scans. Furthermore, a reduced renal phosphate threshold and increased tubular calcium reabsorption were generally observed in hypercalcaemic patients when compared with their normocalcaemic counterparts. These findings suggest that in most cases malignancy associated hypercalcaemia may be caused by the release of a humoral factor by tumour tissue which exhibits "parathyroid-hormone-like" activity with regard to bone resorption, renal phosphate threshold, and renal calcium handling. It may be postulated that this putative humoral mediator predisposes to hypercalcaemia both by stimulating generalised osteolysis and in most cases also by impairing the renal excretion of the resultant increase in filtered calcium load. While hypercalcaemia may arise as a result of metastatic bone disease alone, these data indicate that this may be the exception rather than the rule. Hence the term "metastatic hypercalcaemia" should probably be reserved for patients with extensive skeletal tumour disease in whom biochemical evaluation fails to yield evidence of an underlying humorally mediated cause.
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PMID:Relative contribution of humoral and metastatic factors to the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia in malignancy. 642 77

Plasma 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25-OH vitamin D) concentrations were measured in 31 adult Saudi Arabian women who presented with acute minor illness. Patients with chronic diseases, malignancy and overt metabolic bone disease were excluded from this study. The median plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentration was 6 ng/ml (range: 2-18 ng/ml). Only three subjects had a concentration within the normal range (10-55 ng/ml). Plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in subjects living in apartments than in those living in villas or rural areas (P less than 0.02). When direct questioning was used to assess exposure to sunlight, plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in those subjects whose average exposure was less than 30 min daily than those whose exposure was more than 30 min daily (P = 0.002). Our findings confirm the importance of inadequate exposure to sunlight in the aetiology of vitamin D deficiency. Social customs may contribute to this deficiency in spite of abundant sunshine. Direct questioning to assess the adequacy of sunlight exposure is an essential part of history taking in cases of suspected vitamin D deficiency.
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PMID:Exposure to sunlight and vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian women. 648 1

The postabsorptive urinary hydroxyproline excretion test (Spot-HYPRO) was evaluated for its usefulness in reflecting the presence or absence of bone metastasis in 75 women with breast cancer. A comparison was made between the Spot-HYPRO values and bone disease, as documented by bone scanning supported by skeletal x-rays. Breast cancer patients with skeletal metastasis had 3-4-fold elevations in Spot-HYPRO above the control values (P less than 0.001). Mild elevations were noted in breast cancer patients without skeletal metastasis (P less than 0.025). Thirty patients received serial Spot-HYPRO and bone scans for 6 to 48 months (average, 24 months). There was a 90% correlation between changes in Spot-HYPRO and simultaneous changes on bone scan. Elevations in Spot-HYPRO preceded changes found on bone scan by an average of 3 months. The authors conclude that the Spot-HYPRO is a simple, convenient, and accurate method of documenting and following bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
Cancer 1983 Oct 15
PMID:The postabsorptive hydroxyproline in the long-term evaluation of patients with breast cancer. 661 7

Clinical details are given of 8 patients who complained of severe pain from metastatic bone disease or from multiple myeloma. Four of the patients were included in a double-blind pilot trial designed to compare the effectiveness of salmon calcitonin (200 i.u. intramuscularly) and placebo given twice daily for 4 days. Two of these patients experienced pain relief and were found to have been given salmon calcitonin; the other 2 had no pain relief and had been given placebo. The other 4 of the 8 patients were treated with salmon calcitonin and also had relief of their pain. It would appear, therefore, that salmon calcitonin may be dramatically effective in the treatment of intractable pain from advanced malignancy and its use warrants further study.
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PMID:Calcitonin in the treatment of intractable pain from advanced malignancy. 666 91

The radiograph is usually the first step in diagnosis of tumorous bone lesions. Although definitive diagnosis depends on biopsy in many instances the radiograph allows the most essential decision on malignancy or benignity. This radiological grading of neoplastic bone disease is based on various criteria in particular the pattern of bone destruction and behaviour of the cortex. 3 main types of bone destruction predicting tumour behaviour can be differentiated: 1. the geographic well-defined destruction which is characteristic of static or slowly growing lesions; 2. moth-eaten pattern with scattered and confluent holes reflecting a highly aggressive lesion; 3. most aggressive permeative pattern characterized by multiple tiny holes. The cortex also reflects the response of normal bone against destruction. Depending on the activity of the process, the cortex will either remain intact, or will be expanded, or is even penetrated. The characteristic features of the different destruction patterns are illustrated by radiographs and corresponding pathologico-anatomical slices.
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PMID:[Radiological behaviour patterns of bone tumours (author's transl)]. 694 47

Whole-body scintigraphy with both 99mTc-phosphonate and 67Ga was performed on 92 patients suspected of primary bone tumors. In 46 patients with primary malignant bone tumors, scintigraphy with 99mTc-phosphonate disclosed the primary tumor in 44 cases and skeletal metastases in 11, and 67Ga scintigraphy detected the primary tumor in 43 cases, skeletal metastases in 6 cases and soft-tissue metastases in 8 cases. In 25 patients with secondary malignant bone tumors, bone scintigraphy visualized a single lesion in 10 cases and several lesions in 15 cases, and 67Ga scintigraphy detected the primary tumor in 17 cases, skeletal metastases in 17 cases and soft-tissue metastases in 9 cases. In 21 patients with benign bone disease positive uptake of 99mTc-phosphonate was recognized in 19 cases and uptake of 67Ga in 17 cases. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy should be used in patients suspected of primary bone tumors. If malignancy is suspected, 67Ga scintigraphy should be performed in addition.
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PMID:Scintigraphy with 99mTc-phosphonate and 67gallium in patients suspected of primary bone tumors. 695 75

A harmonious cooperation between the oncologist, orthopedist and radiotherapist can result in a more comfortable, more functional, and in some instances, longer life for the patient. Chemotherapy is an effective and important component of the total management of a patient with metastatic cancer. It provides a mode of therapy for all of the manifestations of disseminated cancer, including bone metastases. Combination chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be of important benefit in metastatic bone disease secondary to carcinomas of the breast, prostate and lung (small cell). The results with other types of lung cancer are less impressive. The chemotherapy of metastatic thyroid and renal carcinomas remains disappointing. Of the tumors that metastasize less frequently to bone, testicular and ovarian neoplasms have demonstrated significant responsiveness to combination chemotherapy. Results with Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas and multiple myeloma are reproducible and may provide palliation and extended survival. Metastatic melanoma, colon cancer and miscellaneous other carcinomas in bone are ordinarily refractory. The limitations of the current modes of assessing response to therapy in osseous lesions impede the ability to recognize and thus, capitalize on effective treatments. New drugs and new combinations of drugs hold promise for the future.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of metastatic cancer in bone. 704 90


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