Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005940 (bone disease)
 7,459 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various dose-time treatment plans have been used to obtain long duration pain relief in patients with metastatic bone disease. Very little has appeared in the literature evaluating the relationship of dose and fractionation to initial, delayed and permanent bone pain relief. At the Swedish Hospital Tumor Institute, 152 treatment fields in 110 patients were evaluated, with a clinical follow-up in many of over five years. Those treated at lower total doses with less fractionation achieved the same quality and duration of pain relief as higher doses. Treatment plans also were compared using the Ellis method of nominal standard dose.
Cancer 1976 Feb
PMID:Effective bone palliation as related to various treatment regimens. 5 20

Since the introduction of bone scans in 1951, there have been many studies comparing biologic and physical characteristics of new bone-imaging agents and the results of scintigraphy and radiology in large numbers of patients. Relatively speaking, there have been fewer studies detailing the health benefits and financial cost associated with the use of skeletal scintigraphy. This review concerns these aspects in patients with malignancies of various sites and stages. About 2% of patients with stage I or II breast cancer have bone metastases at the time they first present, whereas nearly 28% of patients with stage III disease have bone metastases. A large percentage of patients with initially negative scans develop bone metastases during the first 3--4 yr; many of them develop them within the first 12--18 mo after initial diagnosis. For patients with lung cancer, the use of bone scans in staging their disease is somewhat controversial. Several studies indicate that the yield of positive bone scans may range from as low as 2% to as high as 35%. Data on the use of bone scans in staging prostatic cancer initially are similar to those in patients with breast cancer, that is, yields of 7% in patients with stage I or II disease and a yield of about 20% with stage III disease. Children with osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma rarely have bone disease distant from the site of their primary bone lesion at presentation. However, a large percentage of them (30%--40% or so) develop bone metastases during the follow-up period. As in the case with patients with breast cancer, about half of these bone metastases are evident by 12--18 mo.
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PMID:Rationale for the use of bone scans in selected metastatic and primary bone tumors. 11 84

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
Cancer 1975 Sep
PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

A primary malignant bone disease can generally be suspected on the basis of x-ray findings and may be even highly probable if several signs of malignancy are seen on one and the same film. Such changes include bone lesions larger than 6 cm on the first film with blurred outlines, showing patterns of destruction resembling moth-eaten textiles, the covering periosteum revealing spicula or Codman's triangles. Rapidly growing tumours can break cortex components from the continuous layer and shift them outwards. Roentgenological case controls are useless and must be replaced by a sample excision, since x-ray malignancy signs have no absolute value as decisive criteria in view of the fact that they are seen, inter alia, also in osteomyelitis, myositis ossificans and callus formations.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of osteosarcoma (author's transl)]. 28 51

The present study examines the possibility of correlation between free serum and urinary total hydroxyproline and whether this correlation can be applied to clinical conditions. The correlation between the two indices was 0.80 (P less than 0.001) in 18 patients, mostly suffering from malignant disease. On comparing the same measurements in 37 patients, all with known metastatic bone disease, we found 29/37 normal results for free serum hydroxyproline, whereas only 2/37 values of urinary total hydroxyproline were normal. The authors therefore conclude that urinary total hydroxyproline, measured as the ratio hydroxyproline/creatinine in a fresh specimen of early-morning urine, is the best index of collagen breakdown in metastatic bone disease and preferable to measurement of free serum hydroxyproline.
Br J Cancer 1979 Mar
PMID:Total urinary and free serum hydroxyproline in metastatic bone disease. 46 97

Technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals are the currently accepted agents of choice for skeletal imaging. Their introduction in 1971 literally initiated a new era in clinical bone scanning. The development of techniques for reducing Tc(VII) with Sn(II) provided the means for complexing this useful radionuclide with various phosphorus-containing compounds which were already known to be avid bone seekers. Long chain polyphosphates were widely used at first, but have been superceded by pyrophosphate and its organic analogs, the diphosphonates. Pyrophosphate is characterized chemically by P--O--P bonds, and the diphosphonates by P--C--P bonds. The chemical forms of their complexes with tin and technetium are not known, but they behave in many respects as weak chelates. Labeling efficiencies for 99mTc of 95% or better are routinely obtainable with both "in house" preparations and commercial kits. Proper molar concentrations and ratios of phosphorus-compound to tin are necessary for both for good labeling and to achieve optimum tissue distribution. Unreacted TcO4- and reduced unbound 99mTc are both potential contaminants in these preparations and must be considered in radiochemical quality control. In vivo tissue distribution and kinetics of the 99mTc-Sn-phosphorus compounds differ with details of preparation, category of agent, and clinical status of the patient. Blood clearance is multi-exponential, with skeletal uptake and urinary clearance accounting for most of the activity. Scanning may be started in 2 1/2 to 4 hr, at which time skeletal activity is on the order of 40 to 50% of the injected dose. The primary indication for bone scanning remains the detection of metastases from extraskeletal malignancies, and the 99mTc labeled agents are more sensitive than either radiographs or Fluorine-18 for demonstrating active lesions. In addition, many new applications in evaluating benign bone disease have widened the clinical scope of skeletal imaging which is rapidly becoming one of the most important studies in nuclear medicine.
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PMID:Technetium-99m labeled agents for skeletal imaging. 78 10

In 181 consecutive patients with breast cancer, urinary hydroxyproline excretion has been critically evaluated in conjunction with clinical, biochemical, radiological and scintigraphic parameters. The urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is a sensitive index of the presence of bone metastases. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion is a reliable method of selecting those patients whose elevated serum alkaline phosphatase is secondary to bone disease rather than liver idsease. The estimation of hydroxyproline excretion furthermore gives information on the activity of bone metastasis, and its response to treatment, which cannot be given by radiological or scintigraphic methods. It is doubtful whether urinary hydroxyproline estimation will help to detect bone metastases before they are apparent on scintigrams. When the bone scan is doubtful, as often occurs in older subjects, hydroxyproline excretion has been found to be helpful in classifying the patient. When scintigraphy is not available, an elevation of hydroxyproline excretion, together with an elevation of Ca/cr ratio or alkaline phosphatase activity, may pre-date by several months the radiological demonstration of osseous metastases.
Br J Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Relevance of hydroxyproline excretion to bone metastasis in breast cancer. 97 1

Scanning is based on the uptake of a nuclide by the crystal lattice of bone and is related to bone blood flow. Cancer cells do not take up the tracer. Normally, the scan visualizes the highly vascular bones. Scans are useful and are indicated in metastatic bone disease, primary bone tumors, hematologic malignancies and some non-neoplastic diseases. The scan is more sensitive than x-ray in the detection of malignant diseases of the skeleton.
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PMID:Bone scanning. 105 10

The value of bone scanning with 99mTc-polyphosphate was assessed in 186 patients with various types of tumors. The sensitivity of this technique was greater than that of metastatic roentgenographic series and the reported results of 85-Sr-bone scans, in the detection of osseous involvement by tumors. Three cases with normal bone scans and abnormal roentgenographic studies illustrated the necessity and complementary value of comparing bone scan findings with radiographic studies. Patients with carcinoma of the breast, lung, or prostate displayed characteristic patterns of bone involvement by their tumors. The importance of clinical information, including bone symptoms, antecedent bone disease, and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, was stressed in the detection and interpretation of bone scan abnormalities.
Cancer 1975 Aug
PMID:Incidence and sites of bone lesions detected by 99mTc-polyphosphate scans in patients with tumors. 115 7

Dialyzable and non-dialyzable urinary hydroxyproline-containing peptides are chromatographed respectively on QAE-Sephadex and on phosphocellulose. They are detected and quantitated by continuous hydrolysis in 3.3 N NaOH followed by oxidation by chloramine T and colorimetry with p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde. The patterns of dialyzable urinary hypropeptides do not show significant qualitative differences between normal subjects and patients suffering from Paget's bone disease or cancer metastases of bone. The patterns of non-dialyzable urinary hypropeptides, show more variability in the case of normal subjects and differ more largely in the case of Paget's disease of bone.
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PMID:A column chromatography fractionation of the hydroxyproline-containing urinary peptides with continuous automatic detection. 121 59


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