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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was performed on 184 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa, pT1), 92 with primary and 92 recurrent tumors. After TUR of all visible lesions, endovesical chemotherapy with thiotepa, adriamycin or cis-platinum was started on the 15th and 30th days following surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the three chemotherapies at the doses and intervals mentioned. Only cis-platinum has proven to be more effective in primary high grade tumor.
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PMID:Thiotepa versus adriamycin versus cis-platinum in the intravesical prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors. 392 24

Total cystectomy was performed on 95 patients with primary urinary bladder cancer between 1973 and 1983. Histopathological and prognostic studies were reviewed according to the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on bladder cancer. The cancer histological type were transitional cell carcinoma in 87 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 5 cases, adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma in 1 case. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 36.0%. As for the growth pattern of the bladder cancer, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with papillary non-invasive type (PNT), papillary invasive type (PIT), and non-papillary invasive type (NIT) were 100%, 25.8% and 34.8% respectively. As for the stage, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with pTa, pT1, pT2, pT3a, pT3b, and pT4 were 81.8%, 64.7%, 40.1%, 30.5%, 22.6% and 6.7% respectively. Of 87 patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 were 100%, 43.0% and 32.1% respectively. Intramural lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion and intramural histopathological mode of spread were significant indicators of prognosis.
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PMID:[Total cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer: clinicopathological study of 95 cases]. 403 37

In this preliminary report the usefulness of cytological examinations is emphasized in any follow-up for bladder cancer after surgery. In this study, 20 cases of bladder cancer, 3 of which were initially treated by TUC , 16 by TUR, and one by segmental resection, were followed-up regularly by consecutive cytologies, cystoscopy, and biopsies. Anti-cancer drugs were instilled intravesically after the initial surgery in 16 cases. Cytological examinations one month after surgery gave negative results in 7 cases and positive results in 13 cases; cancer cells were confirmed by means of surgical specimens or biopsy in 6 of the latter cases. Positive cytology was documented in 7/9 cases of multiple tumors, in 10/13 cases of tumors larger than 1 cm in diameter, in 7/7 cases of grade 3 tumors, and in 9/9 cases of tumors more advanced than pTa. Positive cytology and negative biopsy were converted to negative in 7 cases by vesical instillation therapy, even in 4 cases with grade 3 tumors and in 2 cases with pT2 . In 6 cases with histologically proved cancer, urine cytology was positive or suspicious in 37.5% (positive in 25.0%) and vesical washing cytology was positive or suspicious in 71.1% (positive in 44.4%). In 7 cases with positive cytology and negative biopsy, urine cytology was positive or suspicious in 20.6% (positive in 7.7%) and vesical washing cytology was positive or suspicious in 70.8% (positive in 43.6%). The above results reveal that in diagnosing cancer in the bladder, washing-fluid cytology is superior to conventional urinary cytology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Value of cytological examination for postoperative bladder cancer]. 667 99

Clinical investigation of 93 patients with histologically confirmed renal pelvic and ureteral cancer were performed. These patients consisted of 55 males and 38 females with a mean age of 64.8 years. There were 61 cases of renal pelvic cancer, 55 cases of ureteral cancer and 23 with cancers of both sites. Thirty-four cases were associated with bladder cancer and 41 of 82 patients had multiple tumors. The overall 5-year survival rate was 46.0%. 5-year survival of stages pTa, pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4, was 93.3%, 71.8%, 37.5%, 30.4% and 10.5%, respectively. In this report, we evaluated various prognostic factors according to the survival rate. Sex, age, tumor localization, multiplicity, associated bladder cancer and concomitance of CIS had no influence on survival. In the ABC analysis, the B group showed a tendency for a poor prognosis. However it may be explained from the fact that the B group contained more patients at advanced stages than the other groups. Tumor grade, tumor stage, pV factor and pL factor had a significant effect on survivals. But tumor grade, pV and pL factors were closely related to the tumor stage. Thus the stage was thought to be the most important factor in the prognosis of upper urinary tract cancer. Different surgical procedures and irradiation also did not affect the prognosis of the patients with the same degree of invasion. Chemotherapy for all stages had no effect on survivals compared with non-chemotherapeutic group. However only for pT3 and higher stage cases, cisplatin-based chemotherapy improved the prognosis compared with patients not given chemotherapy. In conclusion, chemotherapy containing cisplatin should be considered for treatment of high stage upper urinary tract cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer with special reference to adjuvant chemotherapy]. 747 22

We evaluated 63 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa, pTl) who were treated with instillation of bleomycin +/- bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and administration of uraciltfutraful (UFT) for prophylaxis of tumor recurrence after transurethral resection (TUR). The patients were randomly assigned to groups A and B after transurethral resection by the closed envelope method. Group A (34 cases) was designed as continuous diluted intravesical instillation of bleomycin (120 mg/2,000 ml saline solution/day repeated for 3 days), instillation BCG (40 mg/40 ml saline solution/weekly 6 times) and UFT (400 mg orally/day for 2 years maximum). Group B (29 cases) was designed as the aforementioned minus BCG instillation. Cumulative non-recurrence rates in group A and group B were 80.1% and 72.1% at the time of three years, which revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.265, generalized Wilcoxon test). The high recurrent incidence of superficial bladder cancer is primarily due to the multifocal nature of the cancer or implantation of tumor cells at the time of the subsequent transurethral resection. The procedure was performed safely with no severe side effects. Our method might be useful to reduce the recurrences of superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder (TUR).
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PMID:[Prophylactic combination therapy after TUR of superficial bladder cancer]. 750 23

Overexpression of p53 and erbB-2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed tissue samples of 179 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. p53 immunostaining was strongly correlated with tumour stage (P < 0.0001). This was driven by a marked difference in p53 expression between pTa (37% positive) and pT1 (71%) tumours, while there was no difference between pT1 and pT2-4 tumours. Similarly, a strong overall association between p53 expression and grade (P < 0.0001) was driven by a marked difference between grade 1 (28%) and grade 2 tumours (71%), and there was no significant difference between grade 2 and grade 3 tumours. Surprisingly, the frequency of erbB-2 overexpression was higher in pT1 tumours (74%) than in either pTa (49%; P = 0.0265) or pT2-T4 (56%; P = 0.0645) tumours. Both p53 and erbB-2 expression was also associated with metastasis. Metastases were found in 77% of patients with p53 positive primary tumours, but in only 50% of the patients with p53 negative primary tumours (P = 0.022). Metastases were found in 66% of patients with erbB-2 positive primaries, but in only 37% of the erbB-2 negative primaries (P = 0.020). Of 32 patients with positivity for both p53 and erbB-2, 84% developed metastases, as compared to 49% of patients with positivity for either one or neither positive (P = 0.002). We conclude that both p53 and erbB-2 overexpression are associated with early invasion in bladder cancer. Furthermore, p53 and erbB-2 may be important predictors for metastasis.
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PMID:p53 and erbB-2 protein overexpression are associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer. 750 41

In order to find additional ways to classify bladder cancer, multiparameter analysis with antibodies against urothelial associated-glycoproteins (UAGAb: Uro1, -5, -9, -10; Signet) and cytokeratins (CKAb: KL1, Immunotech) were used in parallel with DNA staining. Single cell suspensions of 21 bladder cancer specimens (4pTaG1, 9pTaG2, 1pT1G2, 2 > pT2G2, 5 > pT2G3) were stained. Preliminary data showed that the proportion of UAGAb positive cells have to be related to the pan-urothelial marker Uro5, since percentage of urothelial cells was variable (30-97%). Phenotypic differences found in different stages of tumor will be described. Selection of tumor cells by UAG did result in higher precision to determine tumor S-phase fraction, and helped select tetraploid tumors. The methodology is best applicable to pTa and pT1-tumors and prospective analysis of these tumors has started.
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PMID:[Multiparameter analysis using flow cytometry as additional tool for bladder cancer diagnosis]. 751 Dec 81

Trends in cancer occurrence and survival may reflect changing risks and prognosis, respectively, but may also be caused by changes in detection, classification and registration. Changed classification of low-stage papillary carcinomas may have a material effect on observed trends in the occurrence of bladder cancer. We studied the effect of the implementation of the WHO grading system and the third edition of the TNM staging system on bladder cancer incidence in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands. Data on superficial and invasive bladder cancer incidence between 1975 and 1989 were derived from the population-based Eindhoven cancer registry. Data on survival of patients with stages I-IV bladder cancer were derived from the municipal population registers. Age-adjusted bladder cancer incidence per 100,000 person-years rose from 25.9 to 40.7 in males and from 3.1 to 8.5 in females. This increasing trend was caused almost entirely by non-invasive pTa papillary carcinoma. A considerable shift was observed towards lower disease stages, which was less evident within the group of invasive tumours. The relative 5-year survival of patients with stages I-IV invasive bladder cancer was 59% in 1975-1977 and 70% in 1984-1986. After stratification by stage, however, no striking improvement was observed in the prognosis. We conclude that the increasing trend of bladder cancer occurrence in the Netherlands since 1975 has largely been caused by changed classification systems and reporting procedures for pTa tumours (formerly classified as papillomas).
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PMID:Bladder cancer incidence and survival in the south-eastern part of The Netherlands, 1975-1989. 765 45

A prospective immunohistochemical study of 66 human bladder biopsies with and without transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder was performed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of laminin staining in TCC of the human bladder. In all normal and nonmalignant inflammatory specimens, a continuous intact basement membrane (BM) laminin could be identified. In bladder cancer specimens laminin staining revealed focal interruption of the subepithelial BM with microinvasion in 2 of 6 specimens initially diagnosed as Tis(Pis) and 7 of 25 specimens initially diagnosed as pTa tumors. A statistically significant association between the pT category and BM interruption was found (p < 0.025). BM loss was directly proportional with the stage of the tumor. However, no significant association could be observed between BM interruption and the grade of the tumor (p > 0.25). In a short-term follow-up (mean 16 months) a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.01) could be observed between tumor recurrence and BM integrity in that a higher recurrence rate and shorter recurrence-free interval was found in patients with interrupted BM versus those with intact BM. Assessment of the vascular BM-staining pattern revealed interruption in specimens from 5 patients who died from advanced metastatic tumors. The metastatic process was found to be closely associated with focal interruption of the subendothelial BM (p < 0.001). From our results it appears that the adjunct use of immunohistochemical laminin staining in the histopathologic examination of TCC of the bladder is essential in more exact identification of the different pathologic stages and is also of help in the more detailed prediction of tumor behavior and prognosis.
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PMID:Value of immunohistochemical laminin staining in transitional cell carcinoma of human bladder. 768 19

Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene is known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of human cancers. Since structural alterations of the RB gene have not been well examined in human bladder cancer, we looked for mutations in the entire coding region of this gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of RNA. We also examined allelic loss of the RB gene using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Of 30 samples obtained from patients with bladder cancer, eight (27%) were found to have RB gene mutations. DNA sequencing of the PCR products revealed five cases with single point mutations and three cases with small deletions. These mutations included one (10%) of ten low-grade (grade 1) tumours, four (50%) of eight intermediate-grade (grade 2) tumours and three (25%) of 12 high-grade (grade 3) tumours. Likewise, mutations were found in four (21%) of 19 superficial (pTa and pT1) tumours and four (36%) of 11 invasive (pT2 or greater) tumours. In 15 informative cases, loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus was shown in five cases (33%), three cases with RB mutations and two without them. These results suggest that RB gene mutations are involved in low-grade and superficial bladder cancers as well as in high-grade and invasive cancers.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma gene mutations in primary human bladder cancer. 771 Sep 51


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