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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidermal growth factor is found in high concentrations in urine, and its receptor (EGFr) has been identified in certain bladder tumors. This study was performed to determine whether receptor positivity in the tumor was associated with a poor clinical outcome. One hundred one patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer were studied prospectively by immunohistochemical staining for the EGFr. There were 76 men and 25 women, with a mean follow-up of 30 months; 49 had tumors invading muscle: 18 were pTl (tumor invading lamina propia) and 34 were pTa (tumor confined to urothelium). Strong staining for the EGFr was found in 48% of tumors and was associated with high stage (P less than 0.001). Death of bladder cancer (40 of 101) was associated independently with high stage (P less than 0.0001) and EGFr positivity (P less than 0.001). In patients with pTa and pTl tumors, EGFr positivity was associated with multiplicity (P less than 0.01), time to recurrence (P less than 0.03), and recurrence rate (P less than 0.004). Tumor progression was associated with EGFr positivity (P less than 0.0001) and multiplicity (P less than 0.05). EGFr were found on a significant proportion of bladder tumors: such tumors were more likely to result in death, recurrence, and progression.
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PMID:The epidermal growth factor receptor and the prognosis of bladder cancer. 231 Oct 71

The authors carried out immunotherapy in bladder cancer patients in stage pTa-1 G1-2 NoMo. The strain Connaught BCG (120 mg) was instilled weekly for 6 consecutive weeks in 26 patients. Another 13 patients were treated with 150 mg BCG strain Pasteur. The patients were followed average 26 months in the first, 16 months in the second group. The recurring of the tumor were found in 26% and 15% as well. Side effects were experienced more often in the third group. The authors advice the BCG therapy of the superficial bladder cancer.
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PMID:[Results obtained by intravesical instillation of BCG in superficial bladder tumors]. 240 31

The effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was studied in 22 cases of advanced urinary epithelial cancer. Vincristine, mitomycin C and bleomycin (VMB) was administered in combination to 9 prophase cases from December, 1980 to March, 1982 and cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, peplomycin and mitomycin C (PPM) in combination to 13 anaphase cases from April, 1982 to November, 1984. The site was renal pelvic cancer in 3 cases, cancer of the ureter in 3 cases, cancer of the bladder in 13 cases, cancer of the pelvis, ureter, and bladder in 1 case, and recurrence of pelvic cancer following bladder cancer in 2 cases. The degree of invasion was pTa in 2 cases, pT1 in 1 case, pT2 in 1 case, pT3 in 11 cases and pT4 in 5 cases. Lymph node metastasis had occurred in 9 cases, no metastasis in 8 cases and it was unclear in the remaining 6 cases. The mean observation period was 16.5 months; 10 patients were alive without any tumors, one patient was alive with a tumor, 11 patients died of cancer, and one patient died intercurrently. The mean postoperative survival period in the mortality cases was 14.5 months. According to the classified type of chemotherapy received, there were 3 out of 9 cases (33.3%) who survived without tumors after receiving VMP and 7 out of 13 cases (53.8%) in the PPM group who survived without tumors. Although a simple comparison cannot be made, it appears that PPM therapy is superior. No severe side-effects were observed.
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PMID:[A study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of advanced urinary epithelial cancer]. 245 16

A case-control study among 100 male and 39 female invasive bladder cancer patients (greater than or equal to pT2, G3 & pT1) and equal number of age- and sex-matched superficial bladder cancer patients (G1 or G2, pTa) and hospital control patients was conducted in order to analyze the influence of occupation and tobacco consumption. All patients were admitted at the Department of Urology in the Kyoto University Hospital between 1975 and 1987. There were no significant risk factors among occupations in bladder cancer except housewife in female. Cigarette smokers of both sexes were at higher relative risk than non-smokers and a significant dose response relation was observed for increasing cigarette consumption.
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PMID:[Occupation and tobacco as risk factors in urinary bladder cancer]. 261 3

Blood group antigen (BGA) expression was studied on frozen sections from the initial, presenting, transitional cell bladder cancers of 73 patients. Clinical follow-up was prospective and, after 3 years, 59 patients were available for assessment. Of 32 tumours that retained substantial BGA (BGA+ and BGA +/- ), 11 progressed. Of 27 tumours with less than 5% or undetectable BGA expression (BGA-), 14 did not progress. Of 24 pTa tumours, 17 had substantial BGA expression and 7 were BGA-; 5 patients progressed, 4 substantially BGA positive and 1 BGA-, all to category pT1; 15 tumours were category pT1, 7 substantially BGA positive and 8 BGA-; 7 patients progressed, 1 substantially BGA positive and 6 BGA-, all of whom died from bladder cancer; 20 were pT2 or deeper, 8 substantially BGA positive and 12 BGA-; 12 patients progressed, 6 substantially BGA positive and 6 BGA-, all of whom died from bladder cancer. Despite improved understanding of the biochemistry and techniques of detection of BGA, these results preclude the use of BGA determination as a guide to prognosis in individual transitional cell carcinoma, whether used alone or in combination with pT category.
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PMID:Blood group antigen expression in frozen sections of presenting bladder cancer: 3-year prospective follow-up of prognostic value. 270 5

Epidermal growth factor receptors were measured in biopsies from patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Two methods to detect these receptors were compared: immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections, and a ligand binding study using radiolabeled epidermal growth factor and tumor cell membranes. We studied 101 patients by immunohistochemistry and 47 patients by both methods. An association was found between immunohistochemical positivity for epidermal growth factor receptors and high tumor stage (p less than 0.001). Thus, most of the muscle invasive tumors were positive (35 of 49, 71 per cent) and more stage pT1 tumors were positive (8 of 18, 44 per cent) than were stage pTa tumors (5 of 34, 15 per cent, p less than 0.05). The ligand binding study was slightly more sensitive in detecting receptors than immunohistochemistry (30 of 47, 64 per cent and 25 of 47, 53 per cent, respectively). Greater amounts of receptors were found in muscle invasive tumors compared to tumors not invading muscle (p less than 0.05). A significant association was found between the 2 methods in the detection of receptors (p less than 0.001) and no discrepancies were found between the 2 methods in tumors containing high levels of receptors. Immunohistochemistry provides a satisfactory method to detect receptors in tumors with high levels of receptors, although ligand binding is more sensitive in tumors with low levels of receptors.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor in human bladder cancer: a comparison of immunohistochemistry and ligand binding. 278 84

The protein coded by the oncogene c-myc, p62c-myc, was measured using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry in nuclei derived from paraffin-wax sections of transitional cell carcinomas of the human bladder. Superficial disease (stages pTa and pT1) which did not recur within 5 years of diagnosis had significantly higher oncoprotein levels than those which did recur or were muscle-invasive (stage pT2 or greater) at presentation (P less than 0.01). These preliminary findings indicate that oncoprotein levels might have prognostic significance for bladder cancer.
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PMID:c-myc oncoprotein levels in bladder cancer. 305 54

A randomized, controlled study was begun in 1982 on the effect of keyhole-limpet hemocyanin and mitomycin C in the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder cancer (stages pTa to pT1, grades 0 to 3) in 44 patients. All tumors were resected and all patients were presumed to be free of tumor at initiation of the prophylactic instillations. Before the bladder instillation program was begun all patients in the keyhole-limpet hemocyanin group Ia were immunized with 1 mg. keyhole-limpet hemocyanin intracutaneously and then monthly bladder instillations of 10 mg. were given. The control group Ib received 20 mg. mitomycin C monthly. Of the 21 patients in the keyhole-limpet hemocyanin group Ia (mean followup 20.7 months) 3 (14.2 per cent) had recurrences, compared to 9 of 23 (39.1 per cent) in the mitomycin C group Ib (mean followup 18.3 months). The over-all preventive effect was significantly better (p less than 0.05, chi-square) in keyhole-limpet hemocyanin-treated patients than in those given mitomycin C. In 1984 a new single drug study (group II) was started with keyhole-limpet hemocyanin alone, administered as in group Ia. Of 81 patients in group II (nonrandomized, mean followup 22.8 months) 17 (20.9 per cent) had recurrences. Of the patients given keyhole-limpet hemocyanin 20 of 21 (95.2 per cent) in group Ia and 70 of 81 (86.4 per cent) in group II had complete and partial prevention (downgrading), compared to 16 of 23 (69.5 per cent) in group Ib. Our study was established to analyze the effect of a new method of immunotherapy; no adverse local or systemic side effects were noted.
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PMID:Immunotherapy in bladder cancer with keyhole-limpet hemocyanin: a randomized study. 312

To clarify the relative importance of factors affecting the survival of patients with bladder cancer, a multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards model was performed on 264 patients initially treated from 1973 to 1984 at Nagoya University Hospital. Clinicopathological data included in the analysis were sex, age, symptoms, interval from onset of symptoms to first consultation, smoking history and tumor characteristics (location, size, number, shape, histological grade and stage). The analysis revealed that stage is the most statistically significant determinant for survival, followed by size, irritative symptoms, age and grade in this order. The model composed of the above five determinants yielded hazard ratios of: 4.6 for stage (pT2-pT4 vs. pTa-pT1); 3.1 for size (greater than 3 vs. less than or equal to 3 cm); 2.5 for irritative bladder symptoms (present vs. absent); 2.7 for age (70 years or more vs. younger), and 2.1 for grade (high grade vs. low grade tumors). We conclude that these findings quantitatively confirm previous clinical impressions that accurate staging of the tumors is most important for improving the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, and that each of the above five determinants should be considered when planning an effective initial treatment regimen.
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PMID:Multivariate evaluation of prognostic determinants in bladder cancer patients. 343 84

One hundred and seventy-two patients with upper urinary tract disease were examined by cytological study of ureteral urine which was taken by ureteral catheterization. Of 139 patients with benign disease or ureteral stricture due to non-urological cancer, only one case with renal cyst revealed positive findings (false positive rate: 0.7%). Two positive cases, which were a renal hemorrhage without followup and a uterine cervical cancer with squamous cancer cells in the ureteral urine, were excluded. Although 6 of 17 (35%) uroepithelial cancers in the upper urinary tract were registered as positive, this examination was little use for detecting stage pTa, grade 1 or papillary non-invasive tumors. However, 2 out of 12 (17%) renal pelvic or ureteral cancer patients with negative results of voided urine were cytologically detected by ureteral urine. Five out of 6 cases of these cancers demonstrated malignant cells in the renal pelvic urine sampled from surgical specimen. We have recently experienced aspiration cytology for upper urinary tract disease, using the percutaneous puncture method, and five of 7 upper urinary tract patients were cytologically diagnosed. This procedure could be valuable for detecting even patients with associated bladder cancer or failure of ureteral catheterization.
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PMID:[Evaluation of urinary cytology for upper urinary tract disease]. 372 24


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