Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

58 patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with MVEC chemotherapy (methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin and cisplatinum). 22 patients suffered from locally advanced disease (pT3-4 M0 N0), in 20 patients regional lymph node metastases were found (pT3-4 N1-3 M0). In 16 patients distant metastases were noted (pT1-4 N0-1 M1). In 89% transitional cell and in 11% squamous cell cancer or anaplastic carcinoma was seen. Complete response was noted in 45%, partial response in 23% and no response in 32%. Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was registered before each course of chemotherapy and 3 months after the last application. The sensitivity for (pT3-4 N0 M0) tumors was 90.9%, for (pT3-4 N1-3 M0) 100% and for tumors with distant metastases 100% also, overall 96.6%. No statistically significant different values between each tumor group were found. In 85.7% a concordant reaction of TPA values and clinical status was notable. In conclusion, TPA has been proven as a valuable and a reliable marker for monitoring therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer.
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PMID:Tissue polypeptide antigen for monitoring of advanced bladder cancer after MVEC chemotherapy. 142 31

A retrospective analysis of 59 patients with renal pelvic and ureter cancer (56 transitional cell carcinomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 adenocarcinoma), which were treated surgically, was performed in relation to postoperative recurrence, particularly distant metastasis. Of the 59 cases, postoperative recurrences developed as distant metastasis in 9 cases (15.3%), as bladder cancer in 19 cases (32.2%) and as contralateral renal pelvic and ureter cancer (bilateral metachronous cancer) in 3 cases (5.1%). Three of the 9 cases with the development of distant metastasis were squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, and the others transitional cell carcinoma. All the metastases occurred within 2 years. In cases with transitional cell carcinoma, nonpapillary tumor, grade 3, high stage (pT3 and pT4), positive vascular invasion and IFN beta or gamma had a significant influence on the rate of distant metastasis. On the other hand, location, diversity and previous or coexistent bladder cancer did not seem to be related to the frequency of the development of distant metastasis. Thus, tumor aggressiveness was the only predictive valuable of the development of distant metastasis after surgery for renal pelvic and ureter cancer.
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PMID:[Recurrence following surgery for primary renal pelvic and ureter cancer--clinicopathologic analysis of distant metastasis]. 149 3

Structural alterations of the p53 gene were investigated to elucidate the molecular biological difference between superficial and invasive bladder cancer by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. In 25 bladder cancers obtained from 23 patients, p53 gene mutations were investigated in exon regions 4 to 11. Twenty-four were transitional cell carcinomas, and the remaining one was a squamous cell carcinoma. Only one of 13 superficial bladder cancers, including pTis, pTa, and pT1, was found to have p53 gene mutation. However, of 12 invasive bladder cancers with pT2, pT3, and pT4, six primary carcinomas, including a squamous cell carcinoma and one metastatic carcinoma, were found to have p53 gene mutations. The number of cancers examined in Grades 1, 2, and 3 was three, seven, and 15, respectively. p53 gene mutation was not found in any of the ten cancers with Grades 1 and 2, while eight of 15 bladder cancers with Grade 3 were found to have p53 gene mutation. The results indicated that the incidence of p53 gene mutations appeared to be much higher in invasive-type and high-grade bladder cancers than in superficial and low-grade ones. Our results are compatible with the recently published results by Sidransky et al. [Science (Washington DC), 252: 706-709, 1991] showing that p53 gene mutations were frequently found in invasive bladder cancers by sequence analysis on polymerase chain reaction amplified products corresponding to exons 5 to 9. Our results are also compatible with previously reported results by Olumi et al. (Cancer Res., 50: 7081-7083, 1990) showing that the loss of chromosome 17p, revealed by analysis with restriction fragment length polymorphism, was frequent in high-grade bladder cancers. In this study, p53 gene mutations were often found in exon 4 as well as in other exons. Therefore, this region should also be examined for screening of mutations of this gene in bladder cancer. There appeared to be no consistent mutation sites in exons 4 to 11 of the p53 gene and no specific patterns of the mutation in bladder cancer.
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PMID:Frequent association of p53 gene mutation in invasive bladder cancer. 154 Sep 47

Between 1986 and 1989, 14 patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer, in pathological stage high risk pT2 group, pT3-4 and/or with N+ disease, received postoperative adjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy. Of the 14 patients 10 were alive with no evidence of disease for an average of 41 months. Tumor recurrence was seen in 4 patients (bone in 2, lungs in 1, brain in 1 patient). Of the 4 patients, 3 patients died of cancer progression at an average of 26 months and 1 patient was alive with tumor for 30 months. Their actual survival rate at 64 months was 70%, which was significantly higher than that of the historical control groups (1974-1981: 18%, 1982-1985: 46%). Although postoperative adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer seemed effective in this study, a controlled randomized study will be necessary to conclude if it could be of real benefit for these patients.
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PMID:[Postoperative adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer]. 160 58

The most important information for treatment of bladder cancer is to know its exact staging. A whole layer needle biopsy technique has been developed for this purpose. Recently, neoadjuvant therapy has been used for invasive bladder cancer. Although down staging of bladder cancer after neoadjuvant therapy are evaluated by CT or ultrasound, these imaging are not reliable. We examined 11 invasive bladder cancer patients by whole layer needle biopsy pre and post neoadjuvant therapy. All cases were pT3-4 by pretreatment biopsy. After neoadjuvant therapy 4 were changed to pT0 by needle biopsy, other cases were no change or minimal change. In 4 changed to pT0, 3 were done total or partial cyctectomy and the results of pathological diagnosis of cystectomized specimens were also pT0. Another one case changed to pT0 is selected as candidate for bladder sparing and the patient is now in close surveillance. All 4 cases changed to pT0 were done combined treatment by chemo (internal iliac artery infusion) and radiotherapy. In remaining 7 cases, pathological staging of surgical or autopsy specimen agreed with that of whole layer needle biopsy. Whole layer needle biopsy showed no severe complication, except minor bleeding from the bladder wall. Tumor seeding into the needle tract was not observed up to present time. In conclusion, this biopsy system is useful for evaluation of the change of stage with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. By using this technique we can select the cases for candidate of bladder sparing.
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PMID:[Whole layer needle biopsy for evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy to invasive bladder cancer]. 177 Jul 3

Patients with bladder cancer in pT2 and pT3 infiltrating stages have a 5 year survival rate less than 50% after primary surgical and/or radiant therapy. Aim of the present study was to evaluate if adjuvant chemotherapy could improve survival in these subjects. For this purpose, 16 patients underwent treatment with 5-Fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (min. three, max six courses). The obtained results have shown a 5 year actuarial survival rate of about 48%. Our experience has not shown therefore any improvement compared with primary treatment alone.
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PMID:[Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy of bladder carcinoma with 5 fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide]. 181 70

To improve cure rates of locally invasive bladder cancer patients, we have performed radiation therapy prior to radical cystectomy in 88 patients since 1980. Until 1984, a total dose of 40 Gy for 4 weeks had been irradiated to the pelvic cavity of 46 patients, while 24 Gy with or without hyperthermia for 2 weeks has been applied to 42 patients since 1985. The treatment efficacy was assessed histopathologically according to the evaluation system proposed by Shimosato et al. in 1971. Approximately 50% of the patients responded well to this preoperative therapy. Among these patients, those with pT3 lesion showed significantly favorable prognoses as compared with the same stage patients who did not respond to the radiation therapy. However, the survival rates of the other pT stage patients did not correlate with the responsiveness to radiation. These results suggest that pT3 stage patients are the best candidates for preoperative radiation therapy, while radical cystectomy alone is adequate for those with superficially invasive lesions. Systemic chemotherapy should be properly built into the treatment strategy for those with locally far-advanced bladder cancer.
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PMID:Multidisciplinary treatment of invasive bladder cancer. 194 67

We reviewed 261 patients who underwent a radical operation at a single institution as definitive treatment of invasive bladder cancer to evaluate the survival and accuracy of the tumor, nodes and metastasis system in characterizing the prognosis. Between January 1979 and June 1987 the 261 evaluable patients underwent 1-stage radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection and urinary diversion. No chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was given before or after the operation. The postoperative mortality rate was 1.8%. The over-all staging error between clinical and pathological stages was as high as 44%. The over-all actuarial 5-year survival rate was 54.5%. The 5-year survival rates were 75% for stage pT1, 63% for stage pT2, 31% for stage pT3 and 21% for stage pT4 disease. A significant difference in the survival (p less than 0.002) was observed in stage pT3 by dividing tumors confined within the bladder wall (pT3a, 50%) from those extending throughout the bladder wall (pT3b, 15%). A careful evaluation of transitional cell involvement of the prostate in stage pT4a cancer led to the identification of 2 different patterns: 1) contiguous when a bladder tumor extended directly into the prostate through the bladder wall and 2) noncontiguous when a bladder tumor and a transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate were found simultaneously. These patterns had completely different (p less than 0.05) survival rates (6 versus 37%). The patients with high grade tumors had a worse prognosis in comparison with those with grades 1 and 2 tumors (41 versus 56%, p less than 0.005). The over-all 5-year survival of patients with positive nodes was 4% in comparison with 60% of those without nodal involvement (p less than 0.001). Despite current optimal surgical treatment, nearly 50% of all patients with invasive bladder cancer continue to die. The need for a modification of the current tumor, nodes and metastasis tumor classification to provide the clinician a more reliable staging system for planning treatment modalities is indeed mandatory.
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PMID:Results of contemporary radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a clinicopathological study with an emphasis on the inadequacy of the tumor, nodes and metastases classification. 198 97

A clinical and histopathological investigation was made on 170 patients with bladder cancer who underwent total cystectomy at our institutions between 1982 and 1986. The overall 5-year survival rates of patients with pTis + pTa, pT1, pT2, pT3, pT3b and pT4 were 100, 71.8, 60.7, 39.2, 31.4 and 0% respectively, those of patients with G1, G2 and G3 were 100%, 67.6%, 35.7% respectively. As for histopathological growth and spread pattern (INF), intramural lymphatic invasion (ly) and venous invasion (v), INF beta, INF gamma, ly2, v (+) showed the worst prognosis. These histopathological factors were considered to be closely correlated to each other. Studies on these histopathological factors are very important in planning the subsequent therapy.
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PMID:[A clinicopathological study on patients with bladder cancer treated with cystectomy]. 226 43

The effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was studied in 22 cases of advanced urinary epithelial cancer. Vincristine, mitomycin C and bleomycin (VMB) was administered in combination to 9 prophase cases from December, 1980 to March, 1982 and cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, peplomycin and mitomycin C (PPM) in combination to 13 anaphase cases from April, 1982 to November, 1984. The site was renal pelvic cancer in 3 cases, cancer of the ureter in 3 cases, cancer of the bladder in 13 cases, cancer of the pelvis, ureter, and bladder in 1 case, and recurrence of pelvic cancer following bladder cancer in 2 cases. The degree of invasion was pTa in 2 cases, pT1 in 1 case, pT2 in 1 case, pT3 in 11 cases and pT4 in 5 cases. Lymph node metastasis had occurred in 9 cases, no metastasis in 8 cases and it was unclear in the remaining 6 cases. The mean observation period was 16.5 months; 10 patients were alive without any tumors, one patient was alive with a tumor, 11 patients died of cancer, and one patient died intercurrently. The mean postoperative survival period in the mortality cases was 14.5 months. According to the classified type of chemotherapy received, there were 3 out of 9 cases (33.3%) who survived without tumors after receiving VMP and 7 out of 13 cases (53.8%) in the PPM group who survived without tumors. Although a simple comparison cannot be made, it appears that PPM therapy is superior. No severe side-effects were observed.
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PMID:[A study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of advanced urinary epithelial cancer]. 245 16


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