Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to estimate end effects of chronic prolonged gammairradiation of dogs, an exposure of 80 animals to irradiation was terminated and they were followed up closely. Out of 80 animals 30 dogs (1st series) were irradiated for 3 years and 50 dogs (II series) for 6 years. The dogs were exposed to irradiation at doses of 21 to 190 rad per year. Out of the total number of animals 22 dogs died. Post-mortem examinations showed neoformations in 13 animals (7 malignant and 12 benign neoformations). The highest number of tumors developed in dogs of the II series (10 out of 11) one-two years after irradiation (6 malignant tumors--malignant pheochromocytoma of adrenals; malignant adenoma of the hypophysis: polymorphocellular sarcoma of the liver; leucomyosarcoma of the uterus; bladder cancer; breast cancer; and 10 benign tumors--pancreatic adenoma; liver angioma; 2 papillary adenomas of the prostate; 3 renal adenomas; lipoma; polyps of the gall-bladder). Animals of the 1st series displayed 3 neoformations (1 malignant tumor--bladder tumor and 2 benign tumorsliver hepatoma and spleen angioma) 4--5 years after irradiation.
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PMID:[Formation of neoplasms in dogs after chronic gamma irradiation at a low-intensity dose]. 64 24

This paper reviews current approaches to the use of ifosfamide/mesna alone or in combination with other agents or modalities in the treatment of pediatric malignancies. Included are data from current or recently completed studies conducted by major pediatric oncology cooperative groups and large individual oncology centers for patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent tumors. Sarcomas, neuroblastoma, lymphomas, recurrent solid tumors, brain tumors, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed. Randomized trials to determine the relative efficacy of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in various childhood malignancies are under way. The long-term consequences of ifosfamide in survivors of childhood cancer, in terms of development of bladder cancer or other malignancies thought to be associated with alkylating agents, are not known, and will only be determined through follow-up studies of adult survivors. Ifosfamide's future role in pediatric oncology will depend on evaluation of its therapeutic benefits against long-term toxicity.
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PMID:Current studies of ifosfamide for pediatric solid tumors and leukemia in the United States. 148 74

A phase I trial of piritrexim was conducted by use of a prolonged, low-dose oral schedule. A number of different regimens were tested, including daily dosing for 21 days followed by 7 days of no drug therapy; continuous dosing; and daily dosing for 5 of 7 days for 3 consecutive weeks followed by a week of rest. Dose escalation was accomplished by increasing the dosing frequency from once a day to twice a day and then to three times a day and by increasing the number of days of administration. Fifty-one patients with advanced cancer were entered in the study. One hundred twenty-four (96%) of 129 courses were considered assessable. Myelosuppression proved to be the dose-limiting toxic effect. Other toxic effects included stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, skin rash, fatigue, and elevation of liver transaminase levels. Antitumor activity was observed in patients with melanoma and bladder cancer, and disease stabilization occurred in those with sarcoma and pheochromocytoma. The recommended dosing schedule for phase II clinical trials is 25 mg three times a day for 5 days for 3 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week of no drug therapy.
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PMID:Phase I trial of piritrexim capsules using prolonged, low-dose oral administration for the treatment of advanced malignancies. 198 18

Numerous studies have shown that intact cancer cells and cell extracts have the capacity to lyse erythrocytes in vitro. The transformation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts by ras oncogenes has recently been demonstrated to result in tumour cells releasing a haemolytic factor. The purpose of this study has been to purify and further characterise the soluble tumour haemolytic factor (sTHF) produced by mouse fibroblasts transformed by T24 human bladder cancer DNA and by the cloned Harvey murine sarcoma viral oncogene. To this end, transformed fibroblasts were cultivated in serum-free medium. The cell-free supernatant was treated with ammonium sulphate and the precipitate achieved at 60-100% saturation was dialysed and applied to a gel filtration column. A haemolytic factor was eluted with an Mr between 65,000 and 75,000. Zinc chelate and strong anion exchange column chromatography resulted in greater than 3,000-fold enrichment of sTHF. SDS-PAGE of sTHF resulted in a single protein band of 66,000 Da. Soluble THF had no immunological cross-reactivity with known cytokines produced by lymphocytes and macrophages. The pathophysiological role of sTHF in cancer remains to be determined.
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PMID:Purification and characterisation of soluble tumour haemolytic factor isolated from oncogene transformed fibroblasts. 220 21

Over the last several years, internal reservoir type urinary diversions have become popular. We have already performed Kock continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion in more than 80 patients. The experience with the Kock pouch prompted us to try a new form of continent urinary reservoir originally reported by Indiana University group. The Indiana pouch is a composite structure using ileum and cecum. The antireflux mechanism is provided with tunneled ureteral implantation along the tenia of the cecum. Plication of the terminal ileal segment along with the ileocecal valve maintains urinary continence. The tubular configuration of the cecum is completely disrupted with either an ileal patch or Heineke-Mikulicz re-configuration to construct a low pressure reservoir. Between October, 1987 and September, 1988, we performed Indiana continent urinary diversion in 15 cases: 13 males and 2 females, from 47 to 73 years old (mean age 61.3 years), 14 bladder cancer patients and 1 bladder sarcoma patient. The initial 8 patients underwent Heineke-Mikulicz type operation and the subsequent 7 patients ileal patch-type operation. Median followup has been 7 months. There were no major early complications but one postoperative death with blood transfusion related graft versus host disease (GVHD). The late complication occurred in 2 patients: 1 stenosis of the pouch due to insufficient detubularization of the cecum and 1 pyelonephritis required no admission. Serum electrolytes and vitamin B12 remained normal in all patients. Patients perform self-catheterization every 3-5 hours during the day and 0-2 times at night for volumes ranging up to 800 ml. With regard to volume capacity and pressure characteristics, the ileal patch type reservoir seemed to be superior to the Heineke-Mikulicz type pouch as a receptacle for urine. Over-all, 12 of 14 patients (86 per cent) have acceptable continence. The remaining 2 patients have significant daytime leakage requiring pads or a cutaneous bag. Followup examination with excretory urography showed no upper tract obstruction and X-rays of the pouch showed no reflux. Indiana pouch is a relatively simple continent urinary reservoir, since the steps of this technique already are familiar to urologists. It may be an alternative form of continent urinary diversion.
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PMID:[Indiana continent urinary reservoir: report of 15 cases]. 280 78

Extramammary Paget's disease (EP) has frequently underlying adnexal cancer and perhaps has a tendency to be associated with internal malignancies. Chanda (1985) reviewed 197 cases of EP (196 cases reported in the literature from 1962 to 1982 and 1 case of his own) with regard to the prognosis and relationship with internal malignancy. We analysed 68 cases of EP experienced in our clinic over the last 30 years and compared our data with Chanda's review. Of our 68 patients, 10 cases (14.7%) had an associated internal malignancy, while of Chanda's 153 patients, 44 (28.8%) had the same malignancy. Thirty-nine patients who had an associated internal malignancy have been reported in Japan including our 10 cases (1932-1986). In 25 Japanese cases occurring on the penis, scrotum or groin, the following internal malignant tumors were found, 3 each of prostatic and bladder cancer, 2 testicular malignancies (1 sarcoma and 1 malignant lymphoma), 1 hypernephroma and 16 other malignancies. In EP of the vulvar area, 2 each of uterine and bladder cancer, and 1 each of breast, colon and anal cancer were observed. In Chanda's data, the location of the associated internal malignancy appeared to be closely related to the location of the EP, i.e., a penile-scrotum-groin location being associated with male genitourinary malignancy, a vulva location being associated with female genitourinary malignancy and a perianal location being associated with adenocarcinoma of the digestive system. In the Japanese data, however, the associated internal malignancy was more widely distributed to other organs. Our data suggest that a more direct search should be made for internal malignancy in Japanese patients with EP than in Caucasians.
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PMID:[Extramammary Paget's disease with internal malignancies]. 283 97

We report on preliminary experience with a modified M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) regimen in which adriamycin was replaced by the less toxic 4-epirubicin at equal doses (M-VEC). This study includes 58 patients suffering from advanced bladder cancer, with a minimum observation time of 12 months; each patient received at least two courses of M-VEC (mean follow-up 22 months, average 3.9 cycles). Most (22; 37.9%) of the tumors were T3-4 NO MO; 20 (34.4%) were T3-4 N1-2 MO; and 16 (27.7%) were T3-4 NO-2 M1. Microscopically, 52 (89.6%) were pure transitional cell carcinoma, 5 were (8.6%) squamous cell/carcinomatous transformation; 1 (1.8%) sarcoma was found. Chemotherapy was given as palliative treatment in 34 (58.6%) patients, as neo-adjuvant therapy in 19 (32.8%) cases and as adjuvant therapy in 5 (8.6%) patients. The overall response rate was 72.3% (CR = 51.7%), with a mean duration of response of 18+ months. The disease-free survival so far amounts to 24/58 (41.4%). Squamous cell carcinoma does not respond to M-VEC. Locally advanced bladder cancer (T3-4 NO-2 MO) responds significantly better than metastatic (M1) disease (78.5% vs 56.2%), resulting in an increased survival rate (57% versus 12.5%) after 22 months. The toxicity of M-VEC is considerably lower than has been reported for other regimens (M-VAC, CMV, CM). The toxic effects included mucositis (3%), nadir sepsis (2.4%) and drug-related death (2.4%).
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PMID:[Polychemotherapy using the M-VEC protocol (methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, cisplatin) in advanced urinary bladder cancer--effectiveness and toxicity]. 292 97

Internal urinary reservoir type urinary diversions have been getting popularity since Kock reported a continent ileal reservoir in 1982. From November 1984 through October 1987, we performed Kock pouch operation in 75 patients (male 64, female 11; from 24 to 82 years old, mean age 56 years old). The underlined diseases were mostly bladder cancer patients; bladder cancer 70, rectal cancer 2, prostatic sarcoma 1, vesical exstrophy 1 and neurogenic bladder 1 case. The end results for 71 evaluable cases, followed up more than 3 months, were excellent in 49 (69%), good 14 (20%), fair 6 (8.5%) and poor 2 (2.8%), with success rate 89%. The most common complication was the nipple malfunction; prolapse, including intermittent prolapse, in 7 patients, slippage or sliding in 1, and eversion in one patient. Stone formation occurred in 6 patients, mild acidosis in 2 and a entero-pouch fistula in a patient who was re-diverted from a ileal conduit. There were 2 deaths postoperatively. Late complications were prominently decreased due to several important modifications of the operative technique, such as usage of Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) for defatting the mesentery, and fixing the nipple to the pouch. In conclusion, Kock pouch can be a safe and sound operative modality for patients who need urinary bladder replacement.
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PMID:[Urinary diversion with Kock pouch: clinical results in 75 cases focusing on late complications]. 317 39

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 49 urological tumors (11 renal cell carcinomas, 3 renal pelvic cancers, 2 renal angiomyolipomas, 1 renal leiomyosarcoma, 1 large renal cyst, 4 adrenal tumors, 11 bladder cancers, 2 bone metastasis from bladder cancer, 10 prostatic cancers, 1 prostatic sarcoma, 1 urethral cancer, 1 penile cancer and 1 perivesical granuloma) since October 1985 to September 1986. MRI was performed using a Signa (G.E.) with a 1.5T superconductive magnet and 3 images, including T1 weighted image, T2 weighted image, and proton density image, were obtained. In conclusion MRI is a noninvasive examination and gives more information than computed tomography despite its high cost. In renal cell carcinoma, the chemical shift in MRI and clear visualization of tumor thrombus enable accurate staging. Differential diagnosis from other renal mass lesions may be possible by the T2 weighted image. In adrenal disease, most of the adrenal masses can be differentiated, but in some cases it is impossible. In bladder cancer, wall invasion of tumor may be evaluated in T2 weighted image, and MRI is suitable for staging of locally advanced tumor. In prostatic cancer, visualization of periprostatic plexus and differentiation between internal and external gland may enable local staging and identification of low stage tumors.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis and staging of urological tumors by magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography]. 359 84

The characteristics of the cytotoxic cells induced by ip injections of an immunoadjuvant, OK-432 (Picibanil), into ACI/N rats bearing syngeneic bladder cancer, BC47, were examined. The cytostatic activity, but not the cytolytic activity, of peritoneal macrophages was augmented when either normal or cancer-bearing rats were treated with OK-432. In contrast, the plastic nonadherent cells of the peritoneal exudate cells from OK-432-treated cancer bearing rats, but not lymph node cells or spleen cells, killed all ACI/N rat bladder cancers tested as well as ACI/N rat hepatoma cells and Meth-A mouse sarcoma cells. The plastic nonadherent cells from OK-432-treated normal rats also killed hepatoma cells and Meth-A cells, but not bladder cancer cells. The cytolytic cells that were induced in cancer-bearing rats by OK-432 treatment and showed cytolytic activity specific for bladder cancer were found to be sensitive to anti-rat thymocyte serum and complement, nylon-adherent, and Fc receptor-negative. The cells that showed nonselective cytolytic activity were nylon-adherent and insensitive to anti-rat thymocyte serum and complement.
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PMID:Cytotoxic cells induced in tumor-bearing rats by a streptococcus preparation (OK-432). 732 69


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