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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

I-131 was administered to 298 patients with thyroid cancer, and there has been a follow-up of at least two years. Follow-up periods were: 2.5 to 30 years (median 14.5) in living patients, 2.5 to 15 years (median 5.5) in patients dead of tumour greater than or equal to 2 years after first treatment and 2.5 to 23 years (median nine) in patients dead without tumour. Person-years at risk were (total applied activity of I-131): 1119 (3 to 21 GBq), 1477 (22 to 65 GBq), 521 (61 to 170 GBq). 33 subsequent malignancies in 31 patients were observed, compared to an expected number of 17. The relative risk of subsequent malignancies is therefore 1.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.15 to 3.05. This increase in the incidence of subsequent malignancies after I-131 treatment is largely due to the significantly increased incidence of leukemia and bladder cancer. Estimated radiation doses to the bone marrow in the patients with leukemia were 301 cGy to 792 cGy and the doses to the bladder in patients with bladder cancer were 2250 cGy to 10, 350 cGy. After a total activity of less than 37 GBq I-131, no cases of bladder cancer or leukemia were observed. The observed number of subsequent malignancies are compared with the expected number according to several dose-effect estimations.
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PMID:Subsequent malignancies in patients treated with 131-iodine for thyroid cancer. 162 Dec 12

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

The patterns of cancer risk by religion in the large multidenominational population of Los Angeles County were examined with the method of proportional incidence. Risk estimates for individual cancers by religion were screened and those extreme but stable estimates found were reexamined in light of relative socioeconomic class, nativity, and ethnicity. Within Protestant denominations, gradients which can still best be attributed to religious preference were observed for leukemia, stomach, and cervix cancer. Roman Catholics tend to have high risks of stomach and gallbladder and a low risk of prostate cancer, whereas Eastern Orthodox women trade high risk of stomach cancer for low risk of endometrial and lung cancer. The most extreme pattern of risk, that for Jews, is comprised of lowered risk for cervical cancer and for most sites usually associated with smoking, plus consistently higher risk for lymphomas, thyroid cancer, and bladder cancer among males. Like Jews, Seventh-Day Adventists experience high risk for lymphoma and low risk for cervical and respiratory cancers. Risk to Mormons in Los Angeles differs from that of the standard Protestant population in only minor and inconsistent ways. Neither Mormons nor Adventists showed the previously reported deficits of colorectal or breast cancer. Although the method of proportional incidence may be partly responsible for our failure to confirm previous findings, nonreligious cultural or methodologic factors in the original investigations also provide plausible explanations. More generally, associations of the modest magnitude observed between cancer risk and religion in American populations should probably not be attributed to religious life-style, unless extraordinary circumstances permit the exclusion of other determinants.
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PMID:Religion and cancer in Los Angeles County. 383 40

Two-hundred and fifty-eight patients treated with high-activity 131I for thyroid cancer and on prolonged follow-up have been reviewed to determine long-term hazards and their relation to the radiation dose received. The expectation of life of those dying from causes other than cancer was slightly reduced in the female patients. A small, significant excess of deaths from cancer of the bladder and from leukaemia was found which, assuming that these were due to radiation, gave inferred risk-rates respectively of 0.4 and 4.9 deaths per 10(4) PYG (patient-year-grays) to the bladder wall and red marrow. Of 31 younger patients (eight male, 23 female), four of the marriages have been infertile. The fertile marriages produced a total of 44 live births. Considerable gonad irradiation (estimated 0.8-2.7 Gy) was compatible with apparently normal fertility. Despite the high level of irradiation of the salivary glands, no malignancies and only one adenoma was found. Impaired pulmonary function occurred in only one of the patients who had diffuse bilateral metastases. In this patient, tumour in the lung was persistent throughout, so that radiation was probably not alone responsible.
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PMID:The long-term hazards of the treatment of thyroid cancer with radioiodine. 394 7

The mortality of all 14,282 workers employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels between 1947 and 1975 was studied up to the end of 1988 and cancer incidence was examined from 1971 to 1986. This updates a previous report on mortality only up to the end of 1983. Ninety-nine per cent of the workers were traced satisfactorily. Cancer mortality was 4% less than that of England and Wales [standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 96; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 90,103] and the same as that of Cumbria (SMR = 100: Cl = 94,107). Cancer incidence was 10% less than that of England and Wales [standardised registration ratio (SRR) = 90; Cl = 83.97] and 18% less than that of Northern Region (SRR = 82; Cl = 75.88). Cancer mortality rates were significantly in excess of national rates for cancers of the pleura (nine observed, 2.6 expected; P = 0.001), thyroid (six observed, 1.8 expected; P = 0.01) and ill defined and secondary sites (53 observed, 39.2 expected; P = 0.02). There were significant deficits of cancers of the liver and gall bladder, larynx and lung. Among radiation workers there were significant positive correlations between accumulated radiation dose and mortality from cancers of ill-defined and secondary sites (10 year lag: P = 0.01) and for leukaemia (2 year lag: P = 0.009), but not for cancers of the pleura and thyroid cancer. Previous findings of such associations with multiple myeloma and bladder cancer were less strong. There was a significant excess of incident cases of cancer of the oesophagus (P = 0.01), but this was not associated with accumulated radiation dose. For cancers other than leukaemia, the dose-response risk estimates were below those of the adult atomic bomb survivors, but the 90% confidence interval included risks of zero and of 2-3 times higher. For leukaemia (12 deaths, excluding CLL), under an excess relative risk model, the risk estimate derived for the Sellafield workers was about four times higher than that for the adult atomic bomb survivors with a confidence interval ranging from a half to nearly 20 times that of the atomic bomb survivors. Overall, however, there was no excess of leukaemia among the workers compared with national rates.
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PMID:Cancer mortality and morbidity among workers at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels. 798 Oct 83

The prevalence, rate of correct clinical diagnosis and mortality of cancer were analyzed in 4,894 consecutive autopsies at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital from 1972 to 1990. average age and standard deviation of patients was 78.1 +/- 9.1 years. Cancer was found in 45.5% of patients of 60 years and over, and in 49.1% in men and 41.9% in women (p < 0.001). Cancer prevalence decreased with advance in age; 50.0% in the sixties, 47.9% in the seventies, 43.2% in the eighties and 39.3% in the nineties and over. Multiple cancer was found in approximately 12% of patients of 70 years and over. The top three cancer incidences were gastric cancer, 15.0%, lung cancer, 10.7% and colon cancer, 5.9% in both genders. In men, prostate cancer was next common, followed in orderly hepatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder-bile duct cancer, pancreas cancer, renal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. In women, the following order of frequency was gall bladder-bile duct cancer, uterus cancer, pancreas cancer, hepatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. The prevalence of gastric cancer, lung cancer, hepatic cancer and esophageal cancer was significantly higher in men, while that of gall bladder-bile duct cancer was higher in women. The age-related tendencies varied among cancers of different organs. Gastric cancer increased up to the sixties in men and up to the seventies in women and leveled off after those ages. Lung cancer revealed peak prevalence in the sixties and seventies and decreased after the age of eighty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevalence, rate of correct clinical diagnosis and mortality of cancer in 4,894 elderly autopsy cases]. 847 26

We are using whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) for cancer screening. A total of 1,105 healthy subjects have undergone PET studies 1,138 times in fifteen months. Emission scans were performed from the pelvis to the maxilla 45 to 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 260 to 370 MBq 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). Malignant tumors were detected with PET in nine patients (0.81%): 2 lung cancers, 2 colonic cancers, 1 breast cancer, 1 thyroid cancer, 1 gastric cancer, 1 renal cancer, and 1 lymphoma. Eight of these patients underwent surgery (excepting the lymphoma patient). Lymph node metastasis was not observed in any of the eight cases and surgery was curative. PET scan results were negative in the cases of three prostatic cancers, one bladder cancer, and two colonic mucosal cancers. High FDG accumulations were noticed in benign lesions such as sarcoidosis, chronic thyroiditis, pulmonary tuberculoma, Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland, and chronic sinusitis. In some cases, image artifacts caused by intense myocardial FDG accumulations resulted in incomplete examinations of the lung. Occasionally, high FDG accumulations were observed in the bowel. Our study results suggest the possibility of using whole-body PET for detecting wide varieties of cancers in resectable stages.
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PMID:[Cancer screening with whole-body FDG PET]. 895 58

The risk of cancer was examined in a cohort of 57,326 individuals who were discharged from a Danish hospital with a diagnosis of myxedema, thyrotoxicosis, or goiter. Although the general risk of cancer was only slightly increased, the risk of several sites was significantly above expected. The risk of thyroid cancer especially, was increased with standardized incidence ratios among women of 2.1 (myxedema), 2.5 (thyrotoxicosis), and 6.6 (nontoxic goiter). The increase in risk was present even many years after discharge, indicating that surveillance was not the only explanation. Furthermore, an increased risk was noted for cancer of the kidney in women discharged with myxedema (standardized incidence ratios [SIR] = 1.8) and thyrotoxicosis (SIR = 1.3), for cancer of the bladder in women discharged with myxedema (SIR = 1.5) and nontoxic goiter (SIR = 1.3), and for cancer of the hematopoetic system in women discharged with myxedema (SIR = 1.4) and nontoxic goiter (SIR = 1.4). The findings indicate that thyroid disorders may be related to cancer risk of several specific sites other than the thyroid.
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PMID:Cancer risk in individuals with benign thyroid disorders. 977 44

Our earlier reports indicated that the changes of age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) of any 2 tumors in time and space, as investigated by the sequential regression analysis, showed a good fitness to the equilibrium model under the control of the law of mass action. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problem of whether or not the changes of AAIRs of individual tumors in time and space show a similar fitness to the equilibrium model of the law of mass action. The cancer risk data set of: a) 20 neoplasias in scope; b) 6 cancer registration areas in space; and c) 5 sequential investigations from early 1960's to mid 1980's in time, were subjected to the sequential regression analysis - a modification of the least square method. Results obtained are as follows: a) out of 20 tumors tested, all tumors other than 5 tumor types showed a good fitness (P<0.05) to the equilibrium model of the law of mass action in their risk changes in space. The 5 tumor types that failed to fit to the equilibrium model were male gall-bladder cancer, male breast cancer, male thyroid cancer, female liver cancer and female laryngeal cancer. They were all classified as the members of low-risk gender in the cancer family with sex discrimination of cancer risk. b) All tumors other than male thyroid cancer of Birmingham-England showed a good fitness to the equilibrium model of the law of mass action in their risk changes in time. c) It is argued that the good fitness to the equilibrium model of the law of mass action and the poor fitness to the equilibrium model can be taken each as indication of the predominant expression of oncogene activation and the emergence of intervention of tumor suppressor gene inactivation to the full expression of oncogene activation in the mathematical structure of the cancer risk data set. The significance of the above findings as the supporting evidence of the steroid criminal hypothesis of carcinogenesis as well as the pertinence of the least square method to the mathematical analysis of cancer risk are discussed in the light of historical development of science from early 19th century to late 20th century.
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PMID:Statistical analysis of the age-adjusted incidence rates of human neoplasias: changes in time and space from early 1960's to mid 1980's with special reference to the steroid criminal hypothesis of carcinogenesis. 1008 20


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