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Query: UMLS:C0005684 (bladder cancer)
 16,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cellular immune functions were studied in patients with early bladder cancer 2 hours after ingestion of either levamisole or a placebo. Random monocyte motility was significantly increased (P less than 0.025) in 13 of 17 patients receiving levamisole. Monocyte chemotaxis was significantly increased (P less than 0.025) in 16 of the 17 patients. Random monocyte motility and monocyte chemotaxis did not change in either 8 patients on the placebo or in 15 normal controls. Monocytes from normal donors showed increased random motility and chemotaxis after incubation with levamisole in vitro. These results indicated that increases in peripheral blood monocyte motility followed oral administration of levamisole. Kinetic studies indicated that these effects were rapid in onset and short lived.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Aug
PMID:Acute effects of orally administered levamisole on random monocyte motility and chemotaxis in man. 35 47

Computer analysis of digitized cell images was applied to consecutively encountered, well preserved urothelial cells in the urinary sediment of 12 patients with bladder cancer. It was shown that the composition of the cell sample, and notably the proportion cells classified in the ATY II and POS (malignant) categories, were of diagnostic significance. This work indicated that a computer-generated diagnosis based on the cells in a urinary sample could probably be achieved with a relatively small number of urothelial cells. The study also suggested that computer-generated cytologic profiles of patients with non-papillary carcinoma in situ can be distinguished from other forms of urothelial cancer. The atypicality indices computed for all cells from each patient provided important information but were per se insufficient for diagnostic purposes. This preliminary study, based on a small group of patients, suggests that high resolution scanning offers a promising approach to automation of cytology of the urinary sediment.
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PMID:Diagnostic cytologic sample profiles in patients with bladder cancer using TICAS system. 36 9

Sixty-two patients with transitional cell carcinoma have been admitted to a double-blind randomized control study with levamisole as an immune adjuvant, in addition to standard therapy for noninvasive and invasive bladder cancer. Levamisole has been shown to be easily administered and is well-tolerated, especially when compared to other immune adjuvants such as bacillus Calmette-Guerin or Corynebacterium parvum. To date, there is no significant difference in the disease-free interval in the levamisole-treated group compared to the placebo group. Initial dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) reactivity may be an important prognostic indicator with regard to tumor recurrence. Tumor recurrence seems to be rare in those patients who are initially DNCB-positive. Total monocyte count, T lymphocyte, FC receptor cells, and PHA response showed no improvement with levamisole therapy. Monocyte chemotaxis remains the only immune function study to improve with levamisole, but the clinical significance of this test is yet to be explained.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Nov
PMID:Preliminary report of the use of levamisole in the treatment of bladder cancer. 36 25

The recognition of an increasing number of environmental and occupational factors imvolved in cancer etiology indicates the urgent need for more effective identification and control procedures. On the evidence of experience derived from the historical example of occupational bladder cancer, it is suggested that the problems of identification and control require an integrated approach which must involve the toxicity screening of industrial materials, the environmental screening of the industrial process and the epidemiological screening of those who work in industry. Such a programme will depend for its success upon the cooperation and understanding of all concerned, and the need for consultation and the full provision of information is stressed. Benefits are indicated which might ultimately accrue from the establishment of a computerized data bank in which the results of toxicological, epidemiological and carcinogenicity investigations have been accumulated and collated under the auspices of an international agency.
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PMID:The identification and control of occupational bladder cancer. 37 17

Antigens expressed on urinary bladder cancer cells of transplantation and tissue culture lines, which originated in tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in individual ACI/N rats, were studied by several immunological methods. Tumor-specific transplantation antigen was determined by transplantability of cancer cells into syngeneic rats which had been immunized with the respective cancer cells by the ligation-and-release method. Two out of 6 bladder cancer lines showed high antigenicity but antigenicities of the other 4 lines were of low or undetectable level. Cross resistance was observed in the transplantation immunity among the 2 high antigenic lines but not in the other lines. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity was assayed by the microtestplate method. The lymphoid cells from ACI rats hyper-immunized with cancer cells of a high antigenic line showed a marked cytotoxicity against cancer cells of the immunizing line but not to cells of the other bladder cancer lines including another high antigenic line that induced a cross resistance in transplantation immunity. Tumor-associated cell-surface antigen was detected by membrane immunofluorescence test with serum which was raised in allogeneic Donryu rat by the high antigenic bladder cancer and absorbed with normal ACI rat tissues. The absorbed serum gave positive membrane fluorescence to cancer cells of the immunizing line and 2 other bladder cancer lines but not to cells of other 4 bladder lines and ACI tumors other than bladder cancer. The common antigen detected by the serological method was not reflected either in transplantation immunity or cell-mediated cytotoxicity of the immune lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Antigen characteristics of nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancer in rats. 38 Oct 90

Results of disease-oriented phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) in 135 adequately treated patients with advanced urothelial tumors at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center are presented. In four protocols which used cis-platinum alone or in combination with Adriamycin and/or cyclophosphamide in 95 patients with bladder cancer, no significant difference (46%--54%) in the number of partial remissions (PRs) in previously untreated patients was noted. The median duration of response in three of the four protocols was 5--7 months. A review of the literature indicates that cis-platinum used singly produced remissions in 45% of 67 patients (95% confidence limit, 12%--57%). In the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, intravesically administered cis-platinum induced few complete or sustained remissions. The difficulties in evaluating response with intravesical therapy are discussed. The importance of patient selection, particularly the need to include patients with objectively measurable disease parameters, in phase II trials is stressed. Differences in patient characteristics and response criteria will necessitate prospective randomized trials of cis-platinum alone versus cis-platinum combination regimens in the treatment of metastatic disease. cis-Platinum was inactive (12% PRs) in 25 patients with prostatic cancer who had objectively measurable parameters. It is of interest that PRs were obtained in three of six patients (50%) with penile cancer. A review of the literature and the data in the present series indicates that cis-platinum has no value in the treatment of metastatic hypernephroma.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in the treatment of urothelial cancer. 38 26

In this review of the management of invasive carcinoma of the bladder the results of primary and systemic therapies are evaluated in the light of the natural history of the disease. The clinical and pathological causes of treatment failure are assessed in an attempt to identify new approaches that may be used in the future management of patients with bladder cancer. To improve survival in this disease requires different approaches to both the control of local disease and the early control of metastatic disease.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1979
PMID:Chemotherapy in the management of invasive bladder cancer. A review. 38 80

The combination of cis-platinum (DDP), adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil was evaluated in 44 patients with advanced urothelial cancer, 39 of whom were evaluable for response. There were 18 partial remissions (46.2%) and no complete responses. Remissions were clinically meaningful, but of short duration. Four patients had bulky pelvic disease that was made resectable by chemotherapy, but none of these patients remained disease-free. These results are not superior to that expected from DDP as a single agent. In addition, there appears to be little or no survival benefit associated with chemotherapy. DDP represents an advance in the treatment of bladder cancer, but additional active agents and innovative approaches are needed.
Cancer Clin Trials 1979
PMID:cis-Platinum combination chemotherapy of bladder cancer: an update. 39 69

The incidence of urinary bladder cancer differs markedly among the different ethnic and national groups in the Pacific Basin. Because of these differences, the following colaborative studies can be done to identify and characterize factors associated with bladder cancer: 1) study population groups with different levels of bladder cancer risk who reside in the same geographic setting; 2) study ethnically similar groups who differ in risk and reside in different locations; and 3) study population groups who differ in risks and reside in different geographical regions. Factors possibly related to bladder cancer that have been identified and studied by others include occupational exposure to certain chemicals, cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, artificial sweeteners, certain viruses, radiation exposure, phenacetin, bracken fern, Schistosoma haematobium, tryptophan metabolites, nitrosamines, estrogens, hair dyes, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid. In collaborative studies, the pathologic interpretation of histologic material and the content of the questionnaire should be well standardized, and the laboratory tests should be done at one laboratory. Among the population groups in the Pacific Basin, the Japanese in Hawaii and in Japan provide a unique resource for further investigation with respect to bladder cancer.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1979 Nov
PMID:Cancer of the urinary bladder in the Pacific Basin. 39 42

In the course of screening 35,000 urological outpatients with urine cytological examinations, cytological indication of cancer was found in 106 patients in the absence of a cystoscopically visible bladder tumor. Sixty-nine of the 106 patients have biopsy-proven in situ carcinoma of the bladder, all transitional in type and anaplastic. Follow-up data on effects of therapy are available on 58 patients treated by various means, including total cystectomy, partial cystectomy, transurethral fulguration, intravesical thiotepa, and external radiation. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis was remarkably long, and the prolonged course of the in situ lesion was also noteworthy. Differences in the observed behavior of in situ bladder carcinoma may be due, in addition to differences in host resistance, to the existence of two pathogenetic forms of bladder cancer, one arising in an extensive field of abnormal epithelium and the other developing in a focal area of abnormality.
Cancer Res 1977 Aug
PMID:Clinical observations on sixty-nine cases of in situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder. 40 39


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