Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004623 (bacterial infection)
 15,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bordetella pertussis, the human pathogen of whooping cough, when grown at 22 degrees C is nonvirulent and unable to bind eukaryotic cells. In response to a temperature shift to 37 degrees C, the bacterium acquires the ability to bind eukaryotic cells in a time-dependent fashion. By studying in vitro the temperature-induced transition, from the nonvirulent to the virulent state, we found that binding to CHO cells is mediated by the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing domain of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a protein with multiple binding specificities. This protein is synthesized as a 367-kDa polypeptide within 10 min after temperature shift, but requires 2 hr before it is detected on the bacterial cell surface and starts to bind CHO cells. Mutations affecting the cell surface export of FHA abolish bacterial adhesion to CHO cells, while mutations in the outer membrane protein pertactin strongly reduce binding. This suggests that multiple chaperon proteins are required for a correct function of FHA. Finally, several hours after maximum binding efficiency is achieved, the N-terminal 220-kDa portion of FHA that contains the binding regions is cleaved off, possibly to release the bacteria from the bound cells and facilitate spreading. The different forms of FHA may play different roles during bacterial infection.
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PMID:Adhesion of Bordetella pertussis to eukaryotic cells requires a time-dependent export and maturation of filamentous hemagglutinin. 841 78

Fertilization includes sperm-oocyte recognition, adhesion, binding, fusion and egg activation. Integrin receptors, which are adhesion molecules, are expressed on sea urchin, mouse, hamster and human unfertilized oocytes. Potential sperm ligands have been identified. A role for integrins during fertilization is supported by inhibition of sperm-egg adhesion and/or fusion by means of anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) or disintegrin-like peptides. In several cell-cell interactions, such as lymphocyte activation, viral fusion, bacterial infection or macrophage phagocytosis, integrins act as co-receptors after activation and, by clustering in a multimolecular complex, are able to transduce signals through cytoskeletal proteins and adaptor kinases. Experimental data suggest that they may act in a similar way during fertilization and may participate to initiation and/or propagation of the calcium signal via stimulation of phospholipase C gamma and inositol trisphosphate production.
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PMID:Role of integrins during fertilization in mammals. 1009 Oct 56

The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Thai males ranges from 3-18% depending upon the geographic region. G6PD "Mahidol" (163 Gly --> Ser) is the most common variant found in the Thai population. Almost all affected Thai individuals are not anemic and are asymptomatic. Severe acute intravascular hemolysis is occasionally seen, for instance, in those cases who have a viral infection, bacterial infection or have been exposed to chemicals or drugs. In Thailand, diagnosis of G6PD deficiency is usually made only in symptomatic cases. Neonatal screening of G6PD deficiency is not practiced nationwide, though studies have been done in several institutes. The assessment of G6PD activity in the newborn is mostly in order to find out the cause of neonatal jaundice. In our experience and that of others. G6PD deficient newborns are more prone to develop neonatal jaundice which is, on its own, no more severe than jaundice from other causes. Kernicterus due to G6PD deficiency, though still seen, is now very rare. Awareness of the hazard of hyperbilirubinemia, whatever the cause, along with active management is needed to prevent the occurrence of kernicterus. Neonatal screening is useful to detect abnormalities in the newborn. Weighing of the cost and benefit of neonatal screening should be made and the families of patients should be offered proper education and counseling to help them understand their babies' condition.
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PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Thailand; its significance in the newborn. 1140 Jul 92

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in host defense responses against pathogens in mammals where their activities lead to the production of antimicrobial peptides. We have identified a novel soybean (Glycine max) metalloproteinase gene, GmMMP2, that is transcriptionally up-regulated in infected tissues. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that this gene belongs to the MMP family. It is a preproprotein containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine switch, a zinc-binding catalytic motif, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The GmMMP2 expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli exhibited an in vitro enzymatic activity in digesting myelin basic protein. All plant metalloproteinases reported so far have no known functions. However, they have been suggested to be involved in extracellular cell matrix degradation during development or senescence. Our investigations demonstrate that the GmMMP2 transcript levels were rapidly increased in compatible and incompatible interactions of soybean tissues with the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae or the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. In agreement with the GmMMP2 activation, a metalloproteinase activity was gradually increased in suspension-cultured cells following the bacterial infection. GmMMP2 was also activated in response to wounding and dehydration. However, GmMMP2 activation did not correlate with the oxidative burst leading to the hypersensitive response cell death or the tissue senescence progress that involves programmed cell death. Our investigations suggest that GmMMP2 may be involved in a novel defense response of soybean against pathogenic infections.
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PMID:The matrix metalloproteinase gene GmMMP2 is activated in response to pathogenic infections in soybean. 1174 22

Bacterial infection and colonization plays an important role in COPD. The inflammatory response to these bacteria is mediated by Toll-like receptors. The Asp299Gly polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) has been shown to be associated with decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction resulting in impaired antimicrobial defense. Because altered TLR4 signalling may facilitate bacterial infection, we clinically phenotyped and genotyped 152 patients with COPD (including 24 non-smokers), and 444 healthy controls for the presence of the Asp299Gly polymorphism. Frequencies of the TLR4 Gly allele (4% vs. 8% in controls, odds ratio (OR) 2.24 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.17-4.3)) as well as TLR4 Gly genotype (6% vs. 13% in controls, OR 2.39 (95%CI 1.20-4.79)) were significantly decreased among the patients with COPD. The TLR4 Gly allele was not detected at all in a subgroup of non-smoking patients (n=24). We conclude that the frequency of the Asp299Gly polymorphism is decreased in COPD patients. Unaltered LPS signal transduction by TLR4 may be important for the development of COPD.
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PMID:Association of the ASP299GLY TLR4 polymorphism with COPD. 1621 55

The root nodule locations of six Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains were examined to determine if there were any differences which might explain their varying competitiveness for nodule occupancy on Glycine max. When five strains were added to soybeans in plastic growth pouches in equal proportions with a reference strain (U.S. Department of Agriculture, strain 110), North Carolina strain 1028 and strain 110 were the most competitive for nodule occupancy, followed by U.S. Department of Agriculture strains 122, 76, and 31 and Brazil strain 587. Among all strains, nodule double occupancy was 17% at a high inoculum level (10 CFU pouch) and 2% at a low inoculum level (10 CFU pouch). The less competitive strains increased their nodule representation by an increase in the doubly occupied nodules at the high inoculum level. Among all strains, the number of taproot and lateral root nodules was inversely related at both the high and low inoculum levels (r = -0.62 and -0.69, respectively; P = 0.0001). This inverse relationship appeared to be a result of the plant host control of bacterial infection. Among each of the six strains, greater than 95% of the taproot nodules formed at the high inoculum density were located on 25% of the taproot length, the nodules centering on the position of the root tip at the time of inoculation. No differences among the six strains were observed in nodule initiation rates as measured by taproot nodule position. Taproot nodules were formed in the symbiosis before lateral root nodules. One of the poorly competitive strains (strain 76) occupied three times as many taproot nodules as lateral root nodules when competing with strain 110 (nodules were harvested from 4-week-old plants). Among these six wild-type strains of B. japonicum, competitive ability evidently is not related to nodule initiation rates.
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PMID:Nodulation of Glycine max by Six Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains with Different Competitive Abilities. 1634 87

A pattern recognition protein (PRP), lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) cDNA was cloned from the haemocyte of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by the techniques of homology cloning and RACE. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the full-length cDNA of 1,275 bp has an open reading frame of 1,098 bp encoding a protein of 366 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of F. chinensis LGBP showed a high identity of 94%, 90%, 87%, 72% and 63% with Penaeus monodon BGBP, Litopenaeus stylirostris LGBP, Marsupenaeu japonicus BGBP, Homarus gammarus BGBP and Pacifastacus leniusculus LGBP, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is 39,857 Da with a deduced pI of 4.39. Two putative integrin binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and a potential recognition motif for beta-1,3-linkage of polysaccharides were observed in LGBP sequence. RT-PCR analysis showed that LGBP gene expresses in haemocyte and hepatopancreas only, but not in other tissues. Capillary electrophoresis RT-PCR method was used to quantify the variation of mRNA transcription level during artificial infection with heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureusin. A significant enhancement of LGBP transcription was appeared at 6 h post-injection in response to bacterial infection. These results have provided useful information to understand the function of LGBP in shrimp.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterisation of a pattern recognition protein, lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. 1816 20

Analysing protein-protein interactions is critical in proteomics and drug discovery. The usage of 2-Hybrid (2lambda) systems is limited to an in vivo environment. We describe a bacteriophage 2-Hybrid system for studying protein interactions in vitro. Bait and prey are displayed as fusions to the surface of phage lambda that are marked with different selectable drug-resistant markers. An interaction of phages in vitro through displayed proteins allows bacterial infection by two phages resulting in double drug-resistant bacterial colonies at very low multiplicity of infections. We demonstrate interaction of the protein sorting signal Ubiquitin with the Vps9-CUE, a Ubiquitin binding domain, and by the interaction of (Gly-Glu)(4) and (Gly-Arg)(4) peptides. Interruptions of the phage interactions by non-fused (free) bait or prey molecules show how robust and unique our approach is. We also demonstrate the use of Ubiquitin and CUE display phages to find binding partners in a lambda-display library. The unique usefulness to 2lambda is also described.
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PMID:A phage display system designed to detect and study protein-protein interactions. 1817 17

Peroxinectin, a cell-adhesive hemoperoxidase that binds superoxide dismutase and mediates blood cells adhesion and migration in invertebrate, is believed to play an important role in cellular immune reaction. In this study, we reported a new peroxinectin gene homologue from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of haemocyte cDNA library, we cloned a 2,611 bps full-length cDNA of peroxinectin gene homologue encoded 801 amino acids. Motif scanning of the predicted polypeptide revealed a peroxidase domain and an integrin binding motif (Lys-Gly-Asp, KGD). Peroxinectin gene expressed constitutively in haemocyte as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, the expression level varied following bacterial challenge. These findings suggested that peroxinectin expression is susceptible to exterior stimulus and maintains at a high expression level during bacterial infection.
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PMID:cDNA cloning and gene expression pattern following bacterial challenge of peroxinectin in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. 1914 72

Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in cattle induces clinical and metabolic responses similar to gram-negative bacterial infection. Effects of LPS and dietary protein on rectal temperature, serum hormones, haptoglobin, plasma urea N and AA, and N balance were evaluated in 24 steers (250 +/- 2.8 kg of BW). Treatments were a 2 x 3 factorial of LPS (0 vs. 1.5 microg/kg of BW; -LPS vs. +LPS) and diets containing (DM basis) 1) 14.5% CP, 11.6% ruminally degradable protein (RDP), and 2.9% ruminally undegradable protein (RUP; CP14.5CON); 2) 16.3% CP, 13.4% RDP, and 2.9% RUP (CP16RDP); and 3) 16.1% CP, 11.2% RDP, and 4.9% RUP (CP16RUP). Diet RDP and RUP were altered using casein, fish meal, and corn gluten meal. Steers were adapted to diets (1.1 Mcal/kg of NE(g); DM fed at 1.8% BW) for 14 d and were infused (intravenously 1 mL/min) with LPS (in 100 mL of saline) on d 15. Rectal temperature and serum cortisol, prolactin, haptoglobin, and insulin increased, glucose initially increased and then declined, and serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased for +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x hour; P < 0.01). Serum IGF-I was less (P < 0.01) for +LPS vs. -LPS steers. Plasma urea N increased in response to LPS (LPS x hour; P = 0.02) and was greater for +LPS steers fed CP16RDP and CP16RUP vs. CP14.5CON, but greater in -LPS steers fed CP16RUP vs. CP16RDP and CP14.5CON (LPS x diet; P = 0.04). Plasma Met, Thr, Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, Gly, Ser, Asn, and Tyr decreased, and plasma Ala increased in response to LPS (LPS x hour; P < 0.01). Plasma Orn initially increased and then decreased in +LPS vs. -LPS steers (LPS x hour; P < 0.01). No LPS x diet interactions (P > or = 0.15) occurred for DM, OM, NDF and N intake, fecal excretion, or apparent digestibility. Dietary DM, OM, NDF, and N intake, and retained N were less (P < 0.01) for +LPS than -LPS steers. Total N intake, apparent N digestibility, and retained N were greater (P < or = 0.05) for steers fed CP16RDP and CP16RUP vs. CP14.5CON. An LPS x diet interaction (P = 0.05) occurred for N retention (% N intake) because N retention was less for +LPS than -LPS steers when fed CP14.5CON, but not different between +LPS and -LPS steers when fed CP16RDP and CP16RUP. These results demonstrate that LPS infusion alters serum hormones, plasma AA, and N balance in cattle and imply that growing steers exposed to LPS may require greater dietary protein concentrations to account for altered intake and metabolic AA demand.
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PMID:Effects of dietary protein and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers. 1964 88


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